CONVERGENCE IN TERMS OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN THE BANKING SECTOR: EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

Öz

Banks perform an important function in transferring funds to parties in need of capital and the stability of the banking system is vital for economic growth and development. With the developing financial markets and the integration of the world banking system, the stability of the banking system has become a concern for all economies of the world rather than being a national or regional target and/or problem. In this framework, analyzing the stability of the banking system in the European Union countries can provide important data. In this framework, the aim of this study is to reveal the convergence among the member countries of the European Union (member and candidate) based on the non-performing loan ratios of banks operating in the member countries within the framework of the economic integration process. For this purpose, analyses were conducted with the Result of Updated Panic LM Test (Dummy Breaks, Factor) procedure developed by Payne et al. (2022) using the non-performing loan ratios for the period 1997-2022 in the European Union countries. As a result of the analyses, convergence at various levels of significance was found between Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, North Macedonia, Poland, Spain and Türkiye. Moreover, when the break periods are evaluated, it is observed that the regulations in the banking sector affect the convergence relations. The study is expected to make important contributions to decision makers, national policy makers and the banking sector in terms of banking sector standards. It also contributes to the literature as it is the first study that deals with convergence based on non-performing loans (NPLs).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Union
• Convergence
• Non-performing Loans
• Basel Accord

BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE TAKİPTEKİ KREDİLER AÇISINDAN YAKINSAMA: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜLKELERİ

Öz

Bankalar sermaye ihtiyacı olan taraflara fon transferi sağlamada önemli bir fonksiyon icra etmekte olup bankacılık sisteminin istikrarı ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınma açısından hayati öneme sahiptir. Gelişen finansal piyasalar ve dünya bankacılık sisteminin entegrasyonuyla birlikte bankacılık sisteminin istikrarı, ülkesel ve bölgesel bir hedef ve/veya sorun olmaktan öte tüm dünya ekonomilerini ilgilendirir hale gelmiştir. Tüm bu çerçevede Avrupa Birliği ülkelerindeki bankacılık sisteminin istikrarının ele alınması oldukça önemli veriler sunabilecektir. Bu çerçevede bu çalışmanın amacı Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde (üye ve aday) ekonomik entegrasyon süreci çerçevesinde birlik üyesi ülkelerde faaliyet gösteren bankaların takipteki kredi oranı oranları baz alınarak birlik üyesi ülkeler arasındaki yakınsamanın ortaya konulmasıdır. Bunun için Avrupa birliği ülkelerinde 1997-2022 dönemi takipteki kredi oranları kullanılarak Payne et al. (2022) tarafından geliştirilen Result of Updated Panic LM Test (Dummy Breaks, Factor) prosedürü ile analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Belçika, Danimarka, Estonya, Fransa, Almanya, İtalya, Letonya, Hollanda, Kuzey Makedonya, Polonya, İspanya, Türkiye arasında çeşitli önem seviyelerinde yakınsama tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kırılma dönemleri değerlendirildiğinde bankacılık sektöründe yapılan düzenlemelerin yakınsama ilişkilerini etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bankacılık sektörü standartları konusunda karar alıcılara, ülke politika yapıcılarına ve bankacılık sektörüne önemli katkıları olacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca takipteki krediler (TGA) baz alınarak yakınsamayı ele alan bildiğimiz kadarıyla ilk çalışma olması hasebiyle literatüre de önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Yakınsama
• Takipteki Krediler
• Basel uzlaşısı

Kaynakça

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