Endüstri 4.0 ve Çevik Proje Yönetimi: Liderlik Kavramlarının ve Rollerinin Evrimi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Endüstri 4.0'ın liderlik kavramı ve yönetim yaklaşımlarına olan etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, Endüstri 4.0 öncesi ve sonrası liderlik teorilerini karşılaştırarak, çevik proje yönetiminde liderlik rollerinin nasıl evrildiğini ve hangi liderlik tarzlarının etkili olduğunu belirlemektir. Çalışmada literatür taraması ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden "odak grup çalışması" kullanılmıştır. Türkiye'nin olgun proje yönetim yapısına sahip işletmelerinin yöneticilerinin yaklaşımlarını derinlemesine incelemek amacıyla, çevrimiçi görüşmeler ve yüz yüze toplantılar ile iki ayrı odak grup çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, odak grup çalışmaları sırasında yapılan görüşmelerin ses kayıtlarının yazıya dönüştürülmesi ve araştırmacı notlarıyla karşılaştırılmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada literatür taraması sonucunda belirlenen liderlik tarzlarının, çevik proje takımlarının yönetimindeki etkileri detaylı bir şekilde irdelenmiştir. Bulgular, vizyoner, düzenleyici, iletişimde ve sosyal liderlik gibi liderlik tarzlarının çevik proje yönetiminde önemli rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca dört liderlik tarzında da gözlenen liderlik kişilik özellikleri de ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Bu liderlik tarzlarının her birinin, takım dinamikleri ve proje başarısı üzerinde farklı etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, Endüstri 4.0'ın proje yönetimi üzerindeki etkilerini ve liderlik yaklaşımlarının yeniden tanımlanması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, liderlik tarzlarının karakteristiklerini ve bu tarzların çevik takımlardaki etkilerini literatürle ilişkilendirerek, gelecekteki liderlik araştırmalarına ve uygulamalarına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, örgütlerin başarılı olabilmesi için teknolojik yetkinliklerin geliştirilmesi ve organizasyonel yapıların esnek ve yenilikçi bir şekilde düzenlenmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Ayrıca, Endüstri 4.0'ın getirdiği dijital dönüşüm süreçlerinde liderlerin, çalışanlarının adaptasyon sürecini kolaylaştıracak becerilere sahip olmaları gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Endüstri 4.0 çağında liderliğin evrimini ve çevik proje yönetiminde liderlik rollerinin nasıl yeniden tanımlandığını anlamak açısından hem akademik literatüre hem de çalışma dünyasına önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, liderlik anlayışının sürekli gelişim ve yenilik odaklı olması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endüstri 4.0
• Liderlik
• Çevik Proje Yönetimi
• Çevik Takımlar
• Dijital Dönüşüm

Industry 4.0 and Agile Project Management: Evolution of Leadership Concepts and Roles

Öz

This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the concept of leadership approaches. The research aims to compare leadership theories before and after Industry 4.0, determine how leadership roles have evolved in agile project management, and identify effective leadership styles. The study employs literature review and qualitative research methods, specifically using focus group studies. Two separate focus group studies were conducted through online meetings and face-to-face sessions to thoroughly examine the approaches of executives from companies who have mature project management offices in Turkey. Data were obtained by transcribing the audio recordings of discussions during focus group sessions and comparing them with researcher notes. The study extensively examines the impacts of identified leadership styles, determined through literature review, on the management of agile project teams. Findings indicate that leadership styles such as visionary, organizing, relational, and social leadership play significant roles in agile project management. Additionally, leadership personality traits observed in each of these styles have been identified. The results underscore the need to redefine leadership approaches and highlight the effects of Industry 4.0 on project management. By linking the characteristics of leadership styles and their impacts on agile teams with the literature, the study contributes to future leadership research and practices. In this context, it emphasizes the development of technological competencies for organizations to succeed and the need for flexible and innovative organizational structures. Furthermore, it suggests that leaders in the digital transformation processes brought by Industry 4.0 should possess skills to facilitate their employees' adaptation processes. This study contributes significantly to academic literature and business by exploring leadership evolution in Industry 4.0 and redefining roles in agile project management, emphasizing ongoing focus on development and innovation in leadership.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Industry 4.0
• Leadership
• Agile Project Management
• Agile Teams
• Digital Transformation

Kaynakça

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