ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A COMPREHENSİVE STUDY ON PRACTICES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Öz

Artificial intelligence applications support human resources professionals and transform human resources management processes by offering improvements in functions such as recruitment, employee rewarding, talent management, employee development, performance evaluation and human resources analytics. In this study, the question ‘What are the artificial intelligence applications used in human resources management?’ is sought to be answered on a conceptual basis. The aim of the study is to examine the applications of artificial intelligence in the field of human resource management and to reveal the advantages, disadvantages and future directions of this technology. In this narrative review, the relevant literature is reviewed and current artificial intelligence applications and discussions in the field of human resource management are discussed together with propositions. It is seen that artificial intelligence applications are beneficial in many areas such as saving time, reducing costs, automating repetitive tasks and increasing productivity in human resources management processes. Business processes transformed with artificial intelligence facilitate human resources professionals to focus more on strategic issues. In parallel with the transformations created by artificial intelligence in human resources management practices, especially recruitment, it has been observed that the challenges faced by human resources professionals have increased and diversified. In the study, it is emphasised that artificial intelligence has many advantages in human resource management applications, but ethical principles should be considered and the importance of interaction with the human factor in artificial intelligence applications is emphasised. However, although artificial intelligence applications seem promising, their applicability for businesses should be questioned. This study has several theoretical contributions. In the study, human resource management functions are analysed and how artificial intelligence applications transform existing applications are examined and propositions are developed for the impact of artificial intelligence on human resource management applications. Not only the benefits of artificial intelligence applications in terms of human resource management, but also possible concerns are included in the discussion. It is hoped to contribute to the field and practitioners by discussing future directions and what awaits human resources professionals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human Resource Management
• Artificial Intelligence
• Narrative Review.

İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİNDE YAPAY ZEKA: UYGULAMALAR VE GELECEK YÖNELİMLERİ ÜZERİNE KAPSAMLI BİR ÇALIŞMA

Öz

Yapay zeka uygulamaları, işe alım, çalışan ödüllendirme, yetenek yönetimi, çalışan geliştirme, performans değerlendirme ve insan kaynakları analitiği gibi fonksiyonlarda iyileştirme sunarak insan kaynakları profesyonellerine destek olmaktadır ve insan kaynakları yönetimi süreçlerini dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmada, “İnsan kaynakları yönetiminde kullanılan yapay zeka uygulamaları nelerdir?” sorusuna kavramsal bir zeminde cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, yapay zekanın insan kaynakları yönetimi alanındaki uygulamalarını incelemek ve bu teknolojinin avantajlarını, dezavantajlarını ve gelecek yönelimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu anlatı derlemesinde ilgili alanyazın taranarak insan kaynakları yönetimi alanındaki güncel yapay zeka uygulamaları ve tartışmaları önermelerle birlikte ele alınmıştır. İnsan kaynakları yönetimi süreçlerinde zaman tasarrufu sağlama, maliyetlerin azaltılması, tekrarlayan görevlerin otomatikleştirilmesi, verimliliğin artması gibi pek çok alanda yapay zeka uygulamalarının yarar sağladığı görülmektedir. Yapay zeka ile birlikte dönüşen iş süreçleri, insan kaynakları profesyonellerinin stratejik konulara daha fazla odaklanmasını kolaylaştırmaktadır. İşe alım başta olmak üzere yapay zekanın insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarındaki oluşturduğu dönüşümlere paralel olarak insan kaynakları profesyonelleri için karşılaşılan zorlukların da artarak çeşitlendiği görülmüştür. Çalışmada, yapay zekanın insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarında pek çok avantajının olduğu ancak etik ilkelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği ve yapay zeka uygulamalarında insan faktörüyle etkileşimin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, yapay zeka uygulamaları umut verici görünse de işletmeler açısından uygulanabilirlikleri sorgulanmalıdır. Bu çalışma birkaç teorik katkıya sahiptir. Çalışmada, insan kaynakları yönetimi fonksiyonları ele alınarak yapay zeka uygulamalarının mevcut uygulamaları nasıl dönüştürdüğü incelenerek yapay zekanın insan kaynakları yönetimi uygulamalarındaki etkisine yönelik önermeler geliştirilmiştir. Yapay zeka uygulamalarının insan kaynakları yönetimi açısından sadece yararları değil olası endişeler de tartışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Gelecek yönelimleri ve insan kaynakları profesyonellerini nelerin beklediği tartışılarak alana ve uygulayıcılara katkı sağlanması umulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi
• Yapay Zeka
• Anlatı Derlemesi

Kaynakça

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