EVALUATING ENVIRONMENT PERFORMANCE WITH MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES USING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX DATA

Öz

Environmental problems are measured by different indicators. Problems , that are caused by environmental issues, are measured with different indicatorsIn the last century, many institutions have developed different environmental indicators and different indexes in order to reduce the damage given to the environment.. In this context, countries are ranked using environmental performance index indicators and Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods. In this study, In this study, Environmental Performance Index data was used.The importance levels of the indicators used in the study were determined by CRITIC and Entropy methods. According to the CRITIC method, the Biodiversity and Habitat indicator affects environmental performance the most, while the Ecosystem Services indicator affects it the least. According to Entropy, the indicator that affects environmental performance the most is Ecosystem Services, and the variable that affects the least is Acid Rain. Environmental performance levels were determined by the PROMETHEE method. Denmark is the country with the best environmental performance. Three different rankings were made in the study. These are Entropy-weighted PROMETHEE, CRITIC-weighted PROMETHEE and ÇPE-weighted PROMETHEE rankings. The obtained rankings were compared with the original EPI rankings. The error squared ratios (ERRs) between rankings were calculated. The lowest ERRs value was obtained between the EPI ranking and the ÇPE-weighted PROMETHEE ranking. The highest ERRs value was obtained between the EPI ranking and the Entropy-weighted PROMTEHEE ranking. Denmark was determined as the country with the best environmental performance in each ranking.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Environmental Performance Index
• MCDM Techniques
• PROMETHEE
• CRITIC
• Entropi

ÇEVRESEL PERFORMANS ENDEKSİ VERİLERİ KULLANILARAK ÇEVRE PERFORMANSININ ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME TEKNİKLERİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Artan farklı çevre sorunları nedeniyle dünyanın geldiği noktada ülkelerin çevre performansı daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Çevresel sorunların yol açtığı problemler farklı göstergelerle ölçülmektedir. Son yüzyılda birçok kurum, çevreye verilen zararların azaltılması amacıyla farklı çevresel göstergeler ile farklı endeksler meydana getirerek, ülkelerin çevre korumaya yönelik tutumlarını belirlemeye çalışmıştır. Bu kapsamda ülkelerin çevre performansları ile ilgili olarak geliştirilen çevre performans endeksi göstergeleri ile Çok Kriterli Karar Verme yöntemleri kullanılarak ülkeler sıralanmıştır. Bu çalışma da ülkelerin çevre performanslarını temsil eden göstergeleri bir arada inceleyen Çevresel Performans Endeksi’nin (ÇPE) verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmaya konu olan göstergelerin önem düzeyleri CRITIC ve Entropi yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. CRITIC yöntemine göre çevresel performansı en çok Bio Çeşitlilik ve Habitat göstergesi etkilerken, Ekosistem Hizmetleri göstergesi en az etkileyen kriter olmuştur. Entropi ’ye göre çevre performansını en fazla etkileyen gösterge Ekosistem Hizmetleri, en az etkileyen değişken Asit Yağmurlarıdır. Çevresel performans seviyeleri PROMETHEE yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada üç farklı sıralama yapılmıştır. Bunlar Entropi ağırlıklı PROMETHEE, CRITIC ağırlıklı PROMETHEE ve ÇPE ağırlıklı PROMETHEE sıralamalarıdır. Elde edilen sıralamalar orijinal ÇPE sıralamaları ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sırlamamaların hem kendi aralarında hem de orijinal ÇPE sıralaması ile arasındaki hata kareleri oranları (HKO) hesaplanmıştır. ÇPE sıralaması ile ÇPE ağırlıklı PROMETHEE sıralaması arasında en düşük HKO değeri elde edilmiştir. ÇPE sıralaması ile Entropi ağırlıklı PROMTEHEE sıralaması arasında en yüksek HKO değeri elde edilmiştir. Danimarka her sırlamada çevresel performansı en iyi olan ülke olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çevresel Performans Endeksi
• ÇKKV Yöntemleri
• PROMETHEE
• CRITIC
• Entropi

Kaynakça

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