Koruma Sorumluluğu Doktrini Açısından Suriye Krizi: Bir ‘İnsancıl Müdahalesizlik’ Örneği

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 30, 481 - 510, 20.04.2018

Soner Karagül Çağrı Emin Demirbaş

Öz

2001 yılında “Müdahale ve Devlet Egemenliği Uluslararası Komisyonu” (Inter- national Commission on Intervention and State Soverignity (ICISS)) tarafından ortaya atılan Koruma Sorumluluğu normu (KoS), soykırım, savaş suçları, etnik temizlik ve insanlığa karşı suçlar gibi ciddi nitelikteki insan hakları ihlallerini, in- sancıl koruma amaçlı askeri müdahaleler için ‘eşik’ olarak belirlemektedir. Suriye krizi 2011 yılındaki başlangıcından günümüze, söz konusu ciddi insan hakları ih- lallerinin vuku bulduğu büyük çaplı bir insancıl kriz örneği teşkil etmektedir. Bu bağlamda KoS için eşik olarak belirlenen durumları fazlasıyla aşmış olmasına rağ- men Suriye’ye yönelik bir insancıl askeri müdahalenin neden gerçekleştirilmediği ciddi tartışmalar yaratmaktadır. Neden müdahale edilmediğine ilişkin açıklamalar, Suriye krizinin kendine has koşullarının ve uluslararası politikanın dinamikleri- nin bir insancıl müdahaleye izin vermediği ve olası bir müdahalenin daha kötü sonuçlar doğurabileceği çerçevesinde ortaya atılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, insancıl koruma misyonu çerçevesinde inşa edilmiş olan KoS doktrininin, müdahale edil- meyen durumlarda da insancıl gerekçeler üretilmesine zemin hazırlayan araçlar sunduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu durum çalışmada, ‘insancıl müdahalesizlik’ olarak adlandırılmakta ve KoS açısından yarattığı çelişkiler bağlamında ele alınmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Koruma Sorumluluğu, İnsancıl Müdahale, Suriye Krizi, İnsancıl Müdahalesizlik

Syrian Crisis in Terms of the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine: an Example of ‘Humanitarian Non-Intervention’

Öz

The responsibility to protect (RtoP) which was put forward by the ‘International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty’ (ICISS) in 2001, determined serious violations of human rights such as genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity as a ‘just cause threshold’ for the military intervention for human protection purposes. From the beginning of the conflicts in 2011 to present day, Syrian case has evolved into a huge humanitarian crisis in which serious human rights violations have occurred. In this context, despite the humanitarian
crisis went far beyond situations which set ‘threshold’ for the RtoP why
any humanitarian military intervention is not accomplished has triggered serious
debates. The explanations considering why there is not an intervention has been
put forward within the framework of the conditions peculiar to the Syrian case,
dynamics of the international politics which do not allow to any military intervention
and the possibility of a ‘more harm than good’ as a result of an intervention.
In this study, it is argued that the RtoP doctrine built within the framework of
the humanitarian protection mission offers tools that provide legitimate grounds
for the non-intervention situations. This dilemma which is conceptualized as ‘humanitarian
non-intervention’ in this study is discussed within the context of the
efficacy of RtoP doctrine

Anahtar Kelimeler

Responsibility to Protect, Humanitarian Intervention, Syrian Crisis, Humanitarian Non-intervention.

Kaynakça

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