Afrika’da Dekolonizasyon ve Pan-Afrikanizm

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 23, 7 - 31, 01.06.2014

Ogba Adejoh Sylvester Okpanachi İdoko Anthony

Öz

Bu çalışma, Pan-Afrikanizmin kökenlerini, kölelik ve kolonileşme ile yıpranmış Afrikalı kimliğinin ve kaderinin yeniden inşası için çeşitli dekolonizasyon projelerini ve bunun sonucunda meydana gelen dinamikleri incelemektedir.Bu meşhuır pan-afrikanist ve dekolonizasyon destekçilerinin dayandığı temel prensip ‘birlikte ayakta duruyoruz, ayrılırsak düşeriz’ klişesiyle birlikte karakterize edilmiştir. Bu projelerin başarısının boyutları, bu çabaların Afrika’daki gelişimin seyrini nasıl değiştirdiği çerçevesinde ele alınarak çalışmanın temel noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Samir Amin’in bakış açısına gore, dekolonizasyonun yeniden inşası ideolojisi, insanların varoluşlarını ve bu varoluşta ne yaptıklarını tanımlamalarına olanak sağlayan en itici güçtür. Bu projenin temelinde, ironik olarak, Afrika’nın gelişimine olan ihtiyacın yalnızca kıtayı sömürgeleştirmenin meşruluk kazanması olduğunu düşünen kolonyal sistemin savunucuları tarafından planlanmış varoluş nedeni projesinin ne şekilde gelişeceği sorusu vardır.Her ne kadar bu iddianın doğruluğu yetersiz kalsa da, üstün uygarlığın kendinden düşük seviyedeki uygarlığı fethetmesinin bir görev olduğunu ve bu sayede tüm dünyaya zenginlik ve ilerleme getireceğini ileri sürmektedirler. Bu açıklamalar sıklıkla, ‘uygarlaşma misyonu’ veya bazı Avrupalılarca desteklenen ‘beyaz adamın sorumluluğu’ gibi ırkçı söylemlere bürünmektedir. Bu çalışma, Pan-Afrikanizmi ve dekolonizasyon çabalarını, bunları vizyon, ilham ve başarıları ışığında, felsefenin analitik ve eleştirel araçlarını kullanarak incelemektedir. Çalışma, kelimelerin eylem ve taahütlerle eşleşmesi gerektiğini söyleyerek sonlanmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pan-Afrikanizm, Dekolonizasyon, Afrika, sömürgecilik

Decolonization in Africa and Pan-Africanism

Öz

This paper critically examines the origin of Pan-Africanism and various decolonization projects to reconstruct African identity and destiny battered by slavery and colonialism and the dynamics of their aftermath. The underlying principle of these celebrated pan africanists is captured in the cliché ‘united we stand, divided we fall’ as unity stood out as one of the hallmarks of these pan africanists and proponents of decolonization. The extent to which these projects were successful is central to this paper within the context of how these efforts have been able to change the course of development across Africa. Such reconstruction of decolonization ideology in Samir Amin’s view is the vibrant force that enables a people to define their existence and all they do in that existence. Central to this project is the question of development which quite ironically was the orchestrated raison d’etre projected by the apologists of the colonial system that the need to develop Africa is a justification to colonize the continent. Though the veracity of this claim left much to be desired, they had contended that it was the duty of the higher civilization to conquer the lower civilizations so as to bring prosperity and progress to all parts of the world. Such declarations were often couched in such racial phraseologies as the “civilizing mission” or the “white man’s burden”, as held by some Europeans. This paper uses the analytical and critical tools of philosophy to review the pan African and decolonialization efforts in the light of their vision, aspirations and successes. The paper concludes amongst other matters that words should be matched with actions and commitment

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pan-Africanism, Decolonisation, Africa, colonialism

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