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Ulusaltı Yönetimlerin Avrupa’da Politika Yapım Süreçlerine Çok Boyutlu Angajmanı: Türkiye’deki Belediyeler ve Kalkınma Ajansları Örneği

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 7 - 39, 01.06.2015

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB), bölgesel ve yapısal fonları aracılığıyla üye ve aday ülkelerde değişen ölçülerde mekansal yeniden yapılanmaya ve yerelleşmeye katkıda bulunmuştur. AB’ye resmi adaylığı bağlamında, bahsi geçen süreçler doğal olarak Türkiye’nin geleneksel siyasasını da etki altına almıştır. Çok boyutlu yönetişim yazarları, Avrupalılaşma sürecinin, üye ve aday ülkelerde, sadece hükümetlerarası ilişkileri değil aynı zamanda ulusaltı hareketliliği ve mekansal temsili de teşvik ettiğini belirtmiştir. Ancak Türkiye örneğinden hareketle, akademisyenler şu ana kadar hükümetlerarası etkileri dikkate almış ulusaltı yönetimlerin AB faaliyetlerini görmezden gelmişlerdir. Türkiye’deki ulusaltı yönetimlerin analiz edildiği bu çalışma ile literatürdeki boşluğun doldurulması hedeflenmiştir. Yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi ve 85 ulusaltı yönetime uygulanan kesitsel anket verilerinden elde edilen bulgulara dayalı olan bu makalede ulusaltı hareketlilik literatüründen faydalanılmıştır. Ayrıca makalede, genel anlamda Türkiye’deki ulusaltı yönetimlerin AB politikalarına, özelde ise bu yönetimlerin ulusaltı hareketlilik konusuna olan farkındalıklarını ve değişen davranışlarını detaylı bir şekilde tahlil edilebilmesi için Avrupalılaşma ve çok boyutlu yönetişim analitik kavramlarına yer verilmiştir. Temel bulgular, bir çok ulusaltı yönetimin AB fırsatlarından istifade etmek için organizasyonel değişikliğe gitmiş olmalarına rağmen, sadece bazılarının AB’deki resmi organlarla iletişime geçtiğini, bölgelerarası örgütlere katılım sağladığını ve Brüksel’de kurulacak bir temsil ofisi açılmasına giriştiğini göstermiştir. Bu gelişmeler çok boyutlu siyasaya doğru bir trendin olduğunu gösterse de, devam eden gelişmeler belirsizliğini korumaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Bache, Ian and Flinders, Matthew, Multi-level Governance, Oxford: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 2004.
  • Balme, R. and Patrick LeGalés, ‘Stars and Black Holes: French Regions and Cities in the European Galaxy’, in M.J.F. Goldsmith and K.K. Klausen (eds.) European Integration and Local Government, Cheltenham: Edwards Elgar, 1997.
  • Blatter, Joachim, Kreutzer, Matthias and Thiele, Jan ‘Preconditions for Foreign Activities of European Regions: Tracing Causal Configurations of Economic, Cultural, and Political Strategies’, Publius: the Journal of Federalism, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2009, pp. 171-199.
  • Carter, Caitriona and Pasquier, Romain, ‘The Europeanization of Regions as ‘Spac- es for Politics’: A Research Agenda’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2010, pp. 295-314.
  • Çelenk, Aslıhan A, ‘Europeanization and Administrative Reform: The Case of Tur- key’, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2009, 41-60.
  • Diez, Thomas, Agnantopoulous, Apostolos and Kaliber, Alper ‘File: Turkey, Euro- peanization and Civil Society’, South European Society & Politics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 1-15.
  • Dulupçu, Murat Ali ‘Regionalization for Turkey, an Illusion or a Cure?’, European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, 99-115.
  • Eralp, Atilla, ‘The Role of Temporality and Interaction in the Turkey-EU Relation- ship’, New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol. 40, 2008, pp. 149-170.
  • Ertugal, Ebru ‘Europeanization of Regional Policy and Regional Governance: The Case of Turkey’, European Political Economy Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2005, pp. 18- 55.
  • Ertugal, Ebru, ‘Institutional Change and Europeanization: Explaining Regional Policy Reform in Turkey’, Policy and Politics, Vol, 39, No. 2, 2011, pp. 257-73.
  • Göymen, Korel, Türkiye’de Yerel Yönetişim ve Yerel Kalkınma (Local Governance and Local Development in Turkey), Istanbul: Boyut Yayın Grubu, 2010.
  • Heper, Metin, State Tradition in Turkey, Northgate: the Eothen Press, 1985.
  • Heper, Metin (ed.), ‘Introduction’, in Local Government in Turkey: Governing Greater Istanbul, London: Routledge, 1989, pp. 1-12.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet ‘Subnational Mobilization in the European Union’, West European Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1995, pp. 175-98.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet, ‘Building a Europe with the Regions: The Changing Role of the European Commission’, in L. Hooghe, Cohesion Policy and European Integration: Building Multi-Level Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary, Multi-level Governance and European Integration, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001.
  • İnalcık, Halil, ‘Turkey’, in R. E. Ward and D. A. Rustow (eds.) Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963, pp. 42-63.
  • Jeffrey, Charlie, ‘Sub-National Mobilization and European Integration: Does it Make Any Difference?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1-23.
  • Kassim, Hussain, ‘The Europeanization of Member State Institutions’ in Bulmer, S. and C. Lequesne (eds.) The Member States of the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 285-316.
  • Keating, Michael, the New Regionalism in Western Europe: Territorial Restructuring and Political Change, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1998.
  • Keating, Michael and Jones Barry (eds), The European Union and the Regions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  • Koçak, S. Yaman, Europeanization of Turkish Regional Policy, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007.
  • Kungla, Tarvo and Kettunen, Pekka, ‘Europeanization of Sub-National Gover- nance in Unitary States: Estonia and Finland’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2005, pp. 353-378.
  • Lagendijk, Arnoud, Kayasu, Serap and Yaşar, Suna, ‘The Role of Regional Devel- opment Agencies in Turkey: From Implementing EU Directives to Supporting Regional Business Communities?, European Urban Regional Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010, pp. 383-396.
  • Le Galès, Patrick and Lequesne, Christian, Regions in Europe, London: Routledge, 1998.
  • Lewis, Bernard, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press, 2002.
  • Mardin, Şerif, ‘Centre-Periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics?’, Daedalus, Kungla, and Kettunen, P. (2005). ‘Europeanization of Sub-National Gover- nance Vol. 102, No. 1, 1973, pp. 169-190.
  • Marks, Gary, ‘Structural Policy and Multi-Level Governance in the EC’ in A. W. Cafruny and G.C. Rosenthal (eds.), The State of the European Community: The Maastricht Debate and Beyond, New York: Longman, 1993, pp. 391-410.
  • Marks, Gary, Hooghe, Liesbet and Blank, K, ‘EU Integration since 1980s; State Cen- tric Versus Multi-Level Governance’, paper presented at the American Politi- cal Science Association Meeting, Chicago, August 31-September 3, 1995.
  • Martin, Steve, ‘The Effects of EU Regional Policy on Local Institutional Structures and Policies,’ in J. Bachtler, and I. Turok, (eds.), The Coherence of EU Regional Policy, London: Jessica Kingsley, 1997, pp.51-65.
  • Moore, Carolyn, ‘Beyond Conditionality? Regions from the New EU Member States and their Activities in Brussels’, Comparative European Politics, Vol. 6, 2008, pp. 212-234.
  • Moore, Carolyn, Regional Representation in the EU: Between Diplomacy and Interest Mediation Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, ‘Turkey’s Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union’, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 17-31.
  • Page, C. Edward . and Goldsmith, Michael J. (eds.), Changing Government Relations in Europe, 2nd Edition, New York: Routledge, 2010.
  • Paraskevopoulos, Cristos. J. and Leonardi, Robert, ‘Introduction: Adaptational Pressure and Social Learning in European Regional Policy—Cohesion (Greece, Ireland and Portugal) vs. CEE (Hungary, Poland) Countries’, Regional and Fed- eral Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2004, pp. 315-354.
  • Tatar, Merit, ‘the Impact of the European Union Regional Policy on Sub-National Mobilization in a Unitary State: The Case of Estonia’, Understanding and Shap- ing Regions: Spatial, and Economic Futures, RSA Annual Conference, Leuven, 2009.
  • Tatham, Michael, ‘With or Without You’? Revisiting Territorial State-Bypassing in EU Interest Representation, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2010, pp. 76-99.
  • Ulusoy, Kıvanç, ‘The Changing Challenge of Europeanization to Politics and Gov- ernance in Turkey’, International Political Science Review, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009, pp. 363-384.
  • Young-Hyman, Trevor, ‘the Potential for Effective Regional Development Agen- cies in Turkey: A Comparative Analysis’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2009, pp. 375-402.
  • Zürcher, Eric J., Turkey: A Modern History, 3rd edition, London, New York: I.B. Tau- ris, 2010.
  • Interview Participants
  • #1: Senior Planing Expert in General Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment, Ministry of Development, Ankara, (12.04.2011).
  • #2: Head of Department in General Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment, Ministry of Development, Ankara, (19.04. 2011).
  • #3: Sector Manager in Regional Development and Cross Border Cooperation, Del- egation of the European Union to Turkey, Ankara, (13.04.2011).
  • #4: Secretary General, The Union of Municipalities of Turkey, Ankara, (26.04.2012).
  • #5: EU Coordinator, Municipality of Sarıyer, İstanbul, (15.12.2011).
  • #6: Expert in EU Info Centre, Association of Aegean Industrialists and Business- men, İzmir, (09.12.2011).
  • #7: Gaziantep Chamber of Commerce, (Deputy Secretary General) and (Senior Ex- pert in EU Info Centre), Gaziantep, (02.12. 2011).
  • #8: EU Expert, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, Izmir, (08.12.2011).
  • #9: Head of Department, Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Local Authori- ties, Ankara, (13.04.2011).
  • #10: Head of Department, Ministry of European Union, Directorate for Social, Re- gional and Innovative Policies Director, Ankara, (14.04.2011).
  • #11: Head of Department in the Implementation of Projects, Ministry of European Union, Ankara, (15.04.2011).
  • #12: Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV), Interviews in Gov- ernance Studies, Coordinator and policy analysts, Ankara, (14.04.2011).
  • #13: (Former) Director of International Cooperation, Union of Municipalities of Marmara, İstanbul, (15.12.2011).
  • #14: Deputy Head of Unit, IPA/ISPA, Accession Negotiations Team, DG Regio, Brussels (21.06.2012).
  • #15: Programme Assistant-EU Policies Turkey, DG Enlargement, Brussels, (19.06.2012).
  • #16: Representative to the EU, Member of Socialist International, Republician Peo- ple’s Party (CHP, Turkish Acronym), Brussels, (19.06.2012).
  • #17: Desk Officer, the CoR, Brussels, (18.06.2012).
  • #18: Policy Advisor in PES Group Secretariat, the Committee of Regions, Brussels, (18.06.2012).
  • #19: Free Lancer Lobbysist, Glocal, Brussels, (21.06.2012).
  • #20: Honorary Representative EU-Belgium for the Metropolitan Municipality of Gaziantep, Brussels, (21.06.2012).
  • #21: Head of Unit, Enlargement and European Economic Area, European Parlia- ment, Brussels (21.06.2012).
  • #22: Secretary General, the European Association of Development Agencies, Brus- sels, (Email Interview, 17.07.2012).
  • #23: Expert, the Union of Municipalities of Turkey, the Department of International Relations Ankara, (11.04. 2011).
  • #24: Expert for Local Administrations, the Municipality of Yalova, the director of Local Agenda 21, Yalova (phone interview on 02.04. 2010).
  • APPENDIX 1: SURVEY PARTICIPANTS (The Name of Organizations)
  • City Municipals (CMs) Metropolitian
  • Municipalities (MMs) 1) Adana MM 2) Ankara MM 3) Antalya MM
  • ) Diyarbakır MM 5) Erzurum MM 6) Eskisehir MM
  • ) Gaziantep MM 8) İstanbul MM 9) Kayseri MM 10) Kocaeli MM 11) Konya MM 12) Mersin MM 13) Sakarya MM 14) Samsun MM
  • Regional Development
  • Agencies (RDAs) 1) Adıyaman CM
  • ) Afyonkarahisar CM 3) Ağrı CM 4) Aksaray CM 5) Amasya CM 6) Ardahan CM 7) Artvin CM 8) Aydın CM
  • ) Balıkesir CM 10) Bartın CM 11) Bayburt CM 12) Bilecik CM 13) Bitlis CM
  • ) Çanakkale CM 15) Çankırı CM 16) Corum CM 17) Denizli CM 18) Düzce CM 19) Edirne CM 20) Elazığ CM 21) Giresun CM
  • ) Gümüşhane CM 23) Hakkari CM 24) Hatay CM 25) Iğdır CM 26) Isparta CM 27) Karabuk CM 28) Karaman CM 29) Kars CM
  • ) Kastamonu CM 31) Kilis CM 32) Kırıkkale CM
  • ) Kahramanmaraş CM 34) Kütahya CM 35) Malatya CM 36) Muğla CM 37) Muş CM
  • ) Nevşehir CM 39) Niğde CM 40) Ordu CM 41) Siirt CM 42) Sinop CM 43) Sirnak CM 44) Sivas CM 45) Tokat CM 46) Trabzon CM 47) Tunceli CM
  • ) Şanlı Urfa CM 49) Uşak CM 50) Van CM 51) Yalova CM 1) Ahiler 2) Çukurova
  • ) Doğu Anadolu 4) Dicle 5) Doğu Akdeniz
  • ) Doğu Marmara 7) Fırat 8) Güney Ege
  • ) Güney Marmara 10) İpek Yolu 11) İstanbul 12) İzmir
  • ) Batı Akdeniz 14) Karacadağ
  • ) Kuzey Doğu Anadolu
  • ) Kuzey Anadolu 17) Mevlana
  • ) Orta Karadeniz 19) Trakya 20) Zafer

The Multi-Level Engagement of Subnational Administrations in European Policy-Making Process: The Case of Turkish Municipalities and Regional Development Agencies

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25, 7 - 39, 01.06.2015

Öz

The European Union (EU) via its regional policy and structural funds has contributed to the territorial restructuring and decentralization in member (and candidate) states in varying degrees. Because of its official candidacy to the EU, such process has naturally affected the traditional Turkish polity. The scholars of Multi Level Governance indicate that the Europeanization process not only affects intergovernmental relations, but also promotes subnational mobilization and territorial representation in member (and applicant) states. Scholars have so far analyzed the former account for Turkey, but neglected the EU activities of Turkish subnational administrations (SNAs). In analyzing the situation for Turkish SNAs, this paper targets at filling this gap in the literature. Based on the original findings from semi-structured interviews and on a cross-sectional survey of 85 SNAs in Turkey, the research utilises the subnational mobilization literature. It also incorporates the analytical concepts of Europeanization and multi-level governance to explore the awareness and the attitude of Turkish SNAs towards the EU politics in general and the issue of subnational mobilization in particular. The finding suggests that although many SNAs have gone through the internal arrangements in order to benefit from the EU opportunities, only select subset of them have interacted with the formal EU institutions, joined the interregional organizations, and attempted to establish liaison offices in Brussels. These changes confirm the trend towards multi-level polity, yet the ongoing developments remain to be seen

Kaynakça

  • Bache, Ian and Flinders, Matthew, Multi-level Governance, Oxford: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 2004.
  • Balme, R. and Patrick LeGalés, ‘Stars and Black Holes: French Regions and Cities in the European Galaxy’, in M.J.F. Goldsmith and K.K. Klausen (eds.) European Integration and Local Government, Cheltenham: Edwards Elgar, 1997.
  • Blatter, Joachim, Kreutzer, Matthias and Thiele, Jan ‘Preconditions for Foreign Activities of European Regions: Tracing Causal Configurations of Economic, Cultural, and Political Strategies’, Publius: the Journal of Federalism, Vol. 40, No. 1, 2009, pp. 171-199.
  • Carter, Caitriona and Pasquier, Romain, ‘The Europeanization of Regions as ‘Spac- es for Politics’: A Research Agenda’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2010, pp. 295-314.
  • Çelenk, Aslıhan A, ‘Europeanization and Administrative Reform: The Case of Tur- key’, Mediterranean Politics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2009, 41-60.
  • Diez, Thomas, Agnantopoulous, Apostolos and Kaliber, Alper ‘File: Turkey, Euro- peanization and Civil Society’, South European Society & Politics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 1-15.
  • Dulupçu, Murat Ali ‘Regionalization for Turkey, an Illusion or a Cure?’, European Urban and Regional Studies, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2005, 99-115.
  • Eralp, Atilla, ‘The Role of Temporality and Interaction in the Turkey-EU Relation- ship’, New Perspectives on Turkey, Vol. 40, 2008, pp. 149-170.
  • Ertugal, Ebru ‘Europeanization of Regional Policy and Regional Governance: The Case of Turkey’, European Political Economy Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2005, pp. 18- 55.
  • Ertugal, Ebru, ‘Institutional Change and Europeanization: Explaining Regional Policy Reform in Turkey’, Policy and Politics, Vol, 39, No. 2, 2011, pp. 257-73.
  • Göymen, Korel, Türkiye’de Yerel Yönetişim ve Yerel Kalkınma (Local Governance and Local Development in Turkey), Istanbul: Boyut Yayın Grubu, 2010.
  • Heper, Metin, State Tradition in Turkey, Northgate: the Eothen Press, 1985.
  • Heper, Metin (ed.), ‘Introduction’, in Local Government in Turkey: Governing Greater Istanbul, London: Routledge, 1989, pp. 1-12.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet ‘Subnational Mobilization in the European Union’, West European Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1995, pp. 175-98.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet, ‘Building a Europe with the Regions: The Changing Role of the European Commission’, in L. Hooghe, Cohesion Policy and European Integration: Building Multi-Level Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
  • Hooghe, Liesbet and Marks, Gary, Multi-level Governance and European Integration, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001.
  • İnalcık, Halil, ‘Turkey’, in R. E. Ward and D. A. Rustow (eds.) Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1963, pp. 42-63.
  • Jeffrey, Charlie, ‘Sub-National Mobilization and European Integration: Does it Make Any Difference?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No. 1, 2000, pp. 1-23.
  • Kassim, Hussain, ‘The Europeanization of Member State Institutions’ in Bulmer, S. and C. Lequesne (eds.) The Member States of the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 285-316.
  • Keating, Michael, the New Regionalism in Western Europe: Territorial Restructuring and Political Change, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1998.
  • Keating, Michael and Jones Barry (eds), The European Union and the Regions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  • Koçak, S. Yaman, Europeanization of Turkish Regional Policy, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007.
  • Kungla, Tarvo and Kettunen, Pekka, ‘Europeanization of Sub-National Gover- nance in Unitary States: Estonia and Finland’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2005, pp. 353-378.
  • Lagendijk, Arnoud, Kayasu, Serap and Yaşar, Suna, ‘The Role of Regional Devel- opment Agencies in Turkey: From Implementing EU Directives to Supporting Regional Business Communities?, European Urban Regional Studies, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010, pp. 383-396.
  • Le Galès, Patrick and Lequesne, Christian, Regions in Europe, London: Routledge, 1998.
  • Lewis, Bernard, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford Uni- versity Press, 2002.
  • Mardin, Şerif, ‘Centre-Periphery Relations: A Key to Turkish Politics?’, Daedalus, Kungla, and Kettunen, P. (2005). ‘Europeanization of Sub-National Gover- nance Vol. 102, No. 1, 1973, pp. 169-190.
  • Marks, Gary, ‘Structural Policy and Multi-Level Governance in the EC’ in A. W. Cafruny and G.C. Rosenthal (eds.), The State of the European Community: The Maastricht Debate and Beyond, New York: Longman, 1993, pp. 391-410.
  • Marks, Gary, Hooghe, Liesbet and Blank, K, ‘EU Integration since 1980s; State Cen- tric Versus Multi-Level Governance’, paper presented at the American Politi- cal Science Association Meeting, Chicago, August 31-September 3, 1995.
  • Martin, Steve, ‘The Effects of EU Regional Policy on Local Institutional Structures and Policies,’ in J. Bachtler, and I. Turok, (eds.), The Coherence of EU Regional Policy, London: Jessica Kingsley, 1997, pp.51-65.
  • Moore, Carolyn, ‘Beyond Conditionality? Regions from the New EU Member States and their Activities in Brussels’, Comparative European Politics, Vol. 6, 2008, pp. 212-234.
  • Moore, Carolyn, Regional Representation in the EU: Between Diplomacy and Interest Mediation Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
  • Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, ‘Turkey’s Political Reforms and the Impact of the European Union’, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2005, pp. 17-31.
  • Page, C. Edward . and Goldsmith, Michael J. (eds.), Changing Government Relations in Europe, 2nd Edition, New York: Routledge, 2010.
  • Paraskevopoulos, Cristos. J. and Leonardi, Robert, ‘Introduction: Adaptational Pressure and Social Learning in European Regional Policy—Cohesion (Greece, Ireland and Portugal) vs. CEE (Hungary, Poland) Countries’, Regional and Fed- eral Studies, Vol. 14, No. 3, 2004, pp. 315-354.
  • Tatar, Merit, ‘the Impact of the European Union Regional Policy on Sub-National Mobilization in a Unitary State: The Case of Estonia’, Understanding and Shap- ing Regions: Spatial, and Economic Futures, RSA Annual Conference, Leuven, 2009.
  • Tatham, Michael, ‘With or Without You’? Revisiting Territorial State-Bypassing in EU Interest Representation, Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2010, pp. 76-99.
  • Ulusoy, Kıvanç, ‘The Changing Challenge of Europeanization to Politics and Gov- ernance in Turkey’, International Political Science Review, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2009, pp. 363-384.
  • Young-Hyman, Trevor, ‘the Potential for Effective Regional Development Agen- cies in Turkey: A Comparative Analysis’, Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2009, pp. 375-402.
  • Zürcher, Eric J., Turkey: A Modern History, 3rd edition, London, New York: I.B. Tau- ris, 2010.
  • Interview Participants
  • #1: Senior Planing Expert in General Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment, Ministry of Development, Ankara, (12.04.2011).
  • #2: Head of Department in General Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment, Ministry of Development, Ankara, (19.04. 2011).
  • #3: Sector Manager in Regional Development and Cross Border Cooperation, Del- egation of the European Union to Turkey, Ankara, (13.04.2011).
  • #4: Secretary General, The Union of Municipalities of Turkey, Ankara, (26.04.2012).
  • #5: EU Coordinator, Municipality of Sarıyer, İstanbul, (15.12.2011).
  • #6: Expert in EU Info Centre, Association of Aegean Industrialists and Business- men, İzmir, (09.12.2011).
  • #7: Gaziantep Chamber of Commerce, (Deputy Secretary General) and (Senior Ex- pert in EU Info Centre), Gaziantep, (02.12. 2011).
  • #8: EU Expert, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality, Izmir, (08.12.2011).
  • #9: Head of Department, Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Local Authori- ties, Ankara, (13.04.2011).
  • #10: Head of Department, Ministry of European Union, Directorate for Social, Re- gional and Innovative Policies Director, Ankara, (14.04.2011).
  • #11: Head of Department in the Implementation of Projects, Ministry of European Union, Ankara, (15.04.2011).
  • #12: Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey (TEPAV), Interviews in Gov- ernance Studies, Coordinator and policy analysts, Ankara, (14.04.2011).
  • #13: (Former) Director of International Cooperation, Union of Municipalities of Marmara, İstanbul, (15.12.2011).
  • #14: Deputy Head of Unit, IPA/ISPA, Accession Negotiations Team, DG Regio, Brussels (21.06.2012).
  • #15: Programme Assistant-EU Policies Turkey, DG Enlargement, Brussels, (19.06.2012).
  • #16: Representative to the EU, Member of Socialist International, Republician Peo- ple’s Party (CHP, Turkish Acronym), Brussels, (19.06.2012).
  • #17: Desk Officer, the CoR, Brussels, (18.06.2012).
  • #18: Policy Advisor in PES Group Secretariat, the Committee of Regions, Brussels, (18.06.2012).
  • #19: Free Lancer Lobbysist, Glocal, Brussels, (21.06.2012).
  • #20: Honorary Representative EU-Belgium for the Metropolitan Municipality of Gaziantep, Brussels, (21.06.2012).
  • #21: Head of Unit, Enlargement and European Economic Area, European Parlia- ment, Brussels (21.06.2012).
  • #22: Secretary General, the European Association of Development Agencies, Brus- sels, (Email Interview, 17.07.2012).
  • #23: Expert, the Union of Municipalities of Turkey, the Department of International Relations Ankara, (11.04. 2011).
  • #24: Expert for Local Administrations, the Municipality of Yalova, the director of Local Agenda 21, Yalova (phone interview on 02.04. 2010).
  • APPENDIX 1: SURVEY PARTICIPANTS (The Name of Organizations)
  • City Municipals (CMs) Metropolitian
  • Municipalities (MMs) 1) Adana MM 2) Ankara MM 3) Antalya MM
  • ) Diyarbakır MM 5) Erzurum MM 6) Eskisehir MM
  • ) Gaziantep MM 8) İstanbul MM 9) Kayseri MM 10) Kocaeli MM 11) Konya MM 12) Mersin MM 13) Sakarya MM 14) Samsun MM
  • Regional Development
  • Agencies (RDAs) 1) Adıyaman CM
  • ) Afyonkarahisar CM 3) Ağrı CM 4) Aksaray CM 5) Amasya CM 6) Ardahan CM 7) Artvin CM 8) Aydın CM
  • ) Balıkesir CM 10) Bartın CM 11) Bayburt CM 12) Bilecik CM 13) Bitlis CM
  • ) Çanakkale CM 15) Çankırı CM 16) Corum CM 17) Denizli CM 18) Düzce CM 19) Edirne CM 20) Elazığ CM 21) Giresun CM
  • ) Gümüşhane CM 23) Hakkari CM 24) Hatay CM 25) Iğdır CM 26) Isparta CM 27) Karabuk CM 28) Karaman CM 29) Kars CM
  • ) Kastamonu CM 31) Kilis CM 32) Kırıkkale CM
  • ) Kahramanmaraş CM 34) Kütahya CM 35) Malatya CM 36) Muğla CM 37) Muş CM
  • ) Nevşehir CM 39) Niğde CM 40) Ordu CM 41) Siirt CM 42) Sinop CM 43) Sirnak CM 44) Sivas CM 45) Tokat CM 46) Trabzon CM 47) Tunceli CM
  • ) Şanlı Urfa CM 49) Uşak CM 50) Van CM 51) Yalova CM 1) Ahiler 2) Çukurova
  • ) Doğu Anadolu 4) Dicle 5) Doğu Akdeniz
  • ) Doğu Marmara 7) Fırat 8) Güney Ege
  • ) Güney Marmara 10) İpek Yolu 11) İstanbul 12) İzmir
  • ) Batı Akdeniz 14) Karacadağ
  • ) Kuzey Doğu Anadolu
  • ) Kuzey Anadolu 17) Mevlana
  • ) Orta Karadeniz 19) Trakya 20) Zafer
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA23YP43TC
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ali Onur Özçelik Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Özçelik, A. O. (2015). Ulusaltı Yönetimlerin Avrupa’da Politika Yapım Süreçlerine Çok Boyutlu Angajmanı: Türkiye’deki Belediyeler ve Kalkınma Ajansları Örneği. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(25), 7-39.

Sayın Araştırmacı;

Yönetim Bilimleri Dergimiz Mart 2024 sayısı için öngörülen kontenjanın dolması nedeniyle gönderilecek yeni makaleler Mart sayısı kapsamına alınmayacaktır. 2024'te yayınlanacak olan diğer sayılar için makale kabulümüz devam etmektedir. Bu hususa dikkat ederek yeni makale gönderimi yapmanızı rica ederiz.

Dergimize göndereceğiniz çalışmalar linkte yer alan taslak dikkate alınarak hazırlanmalıdır. Çalışmanızı aktaracağınız taslak dergi yazım kurallarına göre düzenlenmiştir. Bu yüzden biçimlendirmeyi ve ana başlıkları değiştirmeden çalışmanızı bu taslağa aktarmanız gerekmektedir.
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