Çevre Kalitesi ve Yolsuzluk İlişkisi: Seçilmiş OECD Üyesi Ülkelerde Panel Nedensellik Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 46, 1022 - 1054, 11.10.2022

Yakup Taşdemir

https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1151682

Cited By: 1

Öz

Çevre kalitesi ve yolsuzluğun sürdürülebilir ekonomik kalkınma üzerinde meydana getirdiği etkiler, bu iki kavram arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran bir literatürün ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Literatürdeki çalışmaların tamamına yakını yolsuzluğun çevre kalitesini nasıl etkilediği üzerine odaklanmış ve bu etki mikro ve makro yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Mikro etkiler, yolsuzluğun bürokrasi ve lobicilik faaliyetleriyle yarattığı çevre kirliliğine, makro etkiler ise yolsuzluğun kişi başına geliri etkilemek suretiyle yarattığı çevre kirliliğine odaklanmaktadır. Çevre kalitesinin yolsuzluğu nasıl etkilediğine ilişkin ise literatürde birkaç ampirik çalışma dışında çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda da konunun teorik yönüne neredeyse hiç değinilmemiştir. Son yıllarda vatandaşların temiz çevreye yönelik talepleri giderek artmaktadır. Çevre kamusal nitelikli bir mal olduğu için bu talep artışı kamu kesimine önemli sorumluluklar yüklemektedir. Kamu kesiminin bu sorumlulukları yerine getirebilmesi için kıt olan kaynakları etkin ve verimli kullanılması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca temiz çevreye yönelik talebin artması, kaynakların nasıl kullanıldığı konusunda kamu kesimini hesap verebilir olmaya da zorlamaktadır. Bir yandan kıt olan kaynaklar diğer taraftanda hesap verebilirlik, hükümetleri çevre kalitesini arttırmak için yolsuzluğu azaltıcı politikalar belirlemeye ve uygulamaya yöneltmektedir. Politikalarda yaşanan bu dönüşüm yolsuzluğun azaltılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın temel amacı teorik olarak ortaya konulan bu düşünceyi ampirik olarak da test etmektir. Çalışmada 34 OECD üyesi ülke için 2000-2021 dönem aralığına ilişkin verilerle analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yolsuzluğa ilişkin veriler “Uluslararası Şeffaflık Örgütü” tarafından yayınlanan “Yolsuzluk Algılama Endeksinden”, çevre kalitesine ilişkin veriler ise “Yale Üniversitesi” tarafından yayınlanan “Çevresel Performans Endeksinden” elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle uygulanacak nedensellik testinin belirlenmesine ilişkin homojenlik, yatay kesit bağımlılık ve birim kök testleri gerçekleştirilmiş ve değişkenler arasındaki nedenselliğin heterojenliği ve yatay kesit bağımlılığı dikkate alan “Dumitrescu ve Hurlin Granger Panel Nedensellik Testi” ile analiz edilmesine karar kılınmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, yolsuzluk algısı ile çevre kalitesi arasında iki yönlü bir nedenselliğin olduğunu göstermektedir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre hem yolsuzluktaki bir iyileşme çevre kalitesini hem de çevre kalitesindeki bir iyileşme yolsuzluğu iyileştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yolsuzluk, Çevre Kalitesi, Demokrasi, Nedensellik

Kaynakça

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