BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2017, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 29, 43 - 70, 12.07.2017

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adejumobi, S. (2006) Citizenship, Rights, and The Problem of Conflicts and Civil Wars in
  • Africa, in C., Heyns and K., Stefiszyn (Edited) Human Rights, Peace and Justice in Africa: A Reader, (250-256), Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press.
  • Adejumobi, S. (2000) Elections in Africa: A fading shadow of Democracy? International Political Science Review, 21 (1): 59-73.
  • Adetula, V.O.A. (2008) Money and Politics in Nigeria: An Overview, in V.O.A, Adetula (ed.) Money and Politics in Nigeria, (xxvii-xxxiv), Abuja: IFES.
  • Ake, C. (1991) Rethinking African Democracy, Journal of Democracy, 2: 239-244.
  • Ake, C. (1998) Globalisation, Multilateralism and the Shrinking Democratic Space, in M Schecter (ed.) Future Multilateralism: The Political and Social Framework, (179-195), Basingstoke: Macmillan.
  • Ake, C. (1981) “the State of Nigeria”, presidential address, in C. Edogun (Ed.) Nigeria: the Political Economy of Development: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Nigerian Political Science Association, NPSA, Port Harcourt: NPSA.
  • Amuwo, K (1992) the International (and Domestic) Context of Democratic Transition in Africa: Roadblocks to Democracy’, in B. Caron; A. Gboyega and E.E. Osaghae (Edited) Democratic Transition in Africa, Ibadan: Centre for Research, Documentation and University Exchange, CREDU (9-13).
  • Amusan, L. (2016) “Social Sciences as Imperialism: Analysis of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008 and Development Gaps in the Third World States.” Journal of Administrative Sciences, 14(27): 7-26.
  • Amusan, L. (2006) Nigeria’s Bid for Permanent Representative of the United Nations Security Council: Options and Possibilities. Politeia, 25(2): 183-200.
  • Annan, K (1996) Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa, New York: Report of the United Nations secretary General.
  • Basedau, M.; Erdmann, G. and Mehler, A. (Eds.) (2007) Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Sahara Africa. Uppsala: the Nordic Africa Institute.
  • Bekoe, D. (2010) ‘Trends in Electoral Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa’, United States Institute for Peace, Peace Brief No. 13.
  • Biennen, H and Herbst, J. (1996) the Relationship between Political and Economic Reform in Africa, Comparative Politics, 29 (1): 23-42.
  • Butler, A. (Ed.). (2010) Paying for Politics: Party Politics Funding and Political Change in South Africa and the Global South. Johanessburg: Jacana Press.
  • Chalker, L. (1991) Good Governance and the Aid Programme, London: The Overseas Development Administration. Chomsky, N. (1991) ‘The Struggle for Democracy in a changed World’, Review of African Political Economy 50: 12-20.
  • Clapham, C. (2001) Rethinking African states, African Security Review, 10 (3): 7-17.
  • Dahl, R. (1982) Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy, New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Dahl, R. (1971) Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Diamond, L.; Kirk-Greene, A. and Oyediran, O (Eds.) (1997) Transition without end: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society Under Babangida, Ibadan: Vantage Publishers.
  • Diamond, L. (1996) ‘Deepening Democracy?’ West Africa, 328: 4089 702.
  • Dorman, S.R. (2006) Post-liberation politics in Africa: Examining the political legacy of struggle, Third World Quarterly 27 (6): 1085-1101.
  • Eleazu, U.O (1977) Federalism and Nation-building: The Nigerian Experience, 1954-1964, Devon: Arthur H. Stockwell Limited.
  • Goldstein, J. and Rotich, J. (2008) Digitally Networked Technology in Kenya’s 2007-2008
  • Post- Election Crisis, Internet and Democracy Case Study Series, Berkman Center Research Publication, No 9. Graf, W. (1988) the Nigerian State, London: James Currey
  • Green, D. and Luehrmann, L. (2003) Comparative Politics of the Third World: Linking Concepts and Cases, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers
  • Hearn, J. (2000) Foreign Aid, Democratisation, and civil society in Africa: A study of South Africa, Ghana and Uganda, Institute for Development Studies, IDS, Discussion Paper, No. 3.
  • Herb, M. (2005) ‘No Representation without Taxation? Rents, Development and Democracy’, Comparative Politics, 37: (3): 297-316.
  • Herb, M (2000) Does reinterism protect Democracy?’ Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.
  • Heyns, C. and Stefiszyn, K (Eds.) 2006. Human Rights, Peace and Justice in Africa: A Reader, Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press.
  • Horowitz, D (1991) A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Human Rights Watch, (2003) The Warri Crisis: Fuelling violence, New York: Human Rights Watch.
  • IJeoma, E.O.C. (2002) ‘Policy and Governance Issues Impacting on Nigeria’s Globalisation Initiatives’, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Jega, A. (2000) the State and Identity Transformation under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, in A. Jega (Eds.) Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, (24-40), Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
  • John, P. (1997) Nigeria Unity and the Tensions of Democracy: Geo-cultural Zones and the North-South Legacies, in Paul A. Beckett & Crawford, Young (Eds) Dilemmas of Democracy (91-112), Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
  • Joseph, R.A (1997) Democratization in Africa after 1989: Comparative and theoretical perspectives, Comparative Politics, 29 (3): 363-382.
  • Joseph, R. A. (1991) Africa: the Rebirth of Political Freedom, Journal of Democracy, 2 (fall): 11-24.
  • Joseph, R.A. (1987) Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: the Rise and Fall of the Second Republic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Joseph, R. A. (1981) ‘Ethnic Trap’: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79’, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 11 (1-2): 17-23.
  • Kasfir, N (1976) the Shrinking Political Arena: Participation and Ethnicity in African Politics with a Case Study of Uganda, Berkeley: University of California Press. Kew, D (2005) Building democracy in 21st century Africa: Two Africas, one solution, The
  • Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, (Winter/Spring): 149-161. Kriegler and Waki Reports on the 2007 Kenya Elections.
  • Kura, Y. (2005) Globalisation and Democracy- A dialectical framework for understanding democratisation in Nigeria.
  • Lofchie, M.F. (Edited) (1971) the State of Nations: Constraints on Development in Independent Africa, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Longman, T. (1999) State, Civil Society and Genocide in Rwanda, in R Joseph (Ed) State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publisher.
  • Maier, K. (2000) This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis. London: Penguin Books.
  • Peter, L. (1996) Endgame in Nigeria: the Politics of a failed Transition, African Affairs, 93: 323-340.
  • Mimiko, O. (1998) ‘The Political Economy of Human Rights Violations and the Imperative of Democratisation in Contemporary Africa’ in Yomi Dinakin et al (Eds.) Ado Readings in Law, Vol. 1, Ado Ekiti: Faculty of Law, Ekiti State University.
  • Mustapha, A. (2002) ‘Coping with Diversity: The Nigerian State in Historical Perspective’ in Abdi Ismail Samatar & Ahmed Samatar (eds) The African State: Reconsiderations, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Publishers
  • Naomi, C. (1991) Africa’s Democratic Challenge World Policy Journal, 9 (2): 279-307.
  • Obayemi, A. (1994) The Recurring Preamble: Cultural Historical Foundations and the Modern State of Nigeria, in A, Mahadi; G.A., Kwanashie and M., Yakubu, (Eds) Nigeria: The State of the Nation and the Way Forward.
  • Ojukwu C.C. and Shopeju, J.O. (2010) ‘Elite Corruption and the Culture of Primitive Accumulation in the 21st Century Nigeria’, International Journal of Peace and Development Studies, 1 (2): 18-20.
  • Okuko, J. (2006) ‘Beyond ‘third term’ politics in Uganda: The implications of proposed constitutional reforms for democratic governance’ Africa Insight, 36 (1): 289-306.
  • Onyeonoru, I (2003) Globalisation and Industrial Performance in Nigeria, Africa Development, XXVIII (3 & 4): 33-66.
  • Osabu-Kle, D.T. (2000) Compatible Cultural Democracy: the Key to Development in Africa, Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press.
  • Oyedele, T. (2002) Privatisation and Economic Reform, The text of the paper delivered at a three-day Communication Workshop organized by the International Republican Institute, Nigeria, for the Leaders of Political Parties in Nigeria at NICON Hotel, Abuja, on October 16.
  • Post, K.W.J. and Vickers, M. (1973) Structure and Conflict in Nigeria, 1960-1966, London: Heinemann
  • Przeworski, A. and Limongi, F. (2000) Democracy and Development, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Przeworski, A. (1988) ‘Democracy as a Contingent Outcome of Conflict’, in Elster, J. and Slagstad, R. (ed.) Constitutionalism and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rodney, W. (1972) How Europe underdeveloped Africa, London: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications.
  • Sachs, J. and Warner, A. (1995) Economic Reform and the Process of Globalisation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1-198): 61-63.
  • Saliu, H.A. and Omotola, J.S. (2008) ‘the National Political Reform Conference and the Future of Nigeria’s Democracy’, in Saliu, HA; Jimoh IH; Yusuf, N and EO Ojo Edited,
  • Perspectives on Nation-Building and Development in Nigeria: Political and Legal Issues, Ilorin: Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, 168-196.
  • Sandbrook, R. (1993) The Politics of Africa’s Economic Recovery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sartori, G. (1969) ‘What democracy is not’ in C.F., Cnudde and D.E., Neubauer (Eds.) Empirical Democratic Theory, Chicago: Markham
  • Schmitter, P.C and Karl, T.L. (1991) ‘What democracy is...and is not ?’ Journal of Democracy, 2 (3): 75-88.
  • Sklar, R. (2003) ‘Nigeria: Completing Obasanjo’s legacy’, Journal of Democracy, 17 (3): 100- 115.
  • Soyinka, W. (1996) the Open Sore of a Continent: A Personal Narrative of the Nigerian Crisis, New York: Oxford University Press
  • Sparks, A. (1994) Tomorrow is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution, Sandton: Struik Books.
  • Suberu, R. (1995) ‘Federalism, Ethnicity, and Regionalism’ unpublished paper presented at the Conference on Dilemmas of Democracy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, November 10-12.
  • Thandika, M. (1997) Economic Policy-Making and the Consolidation of Democratic Institutions in Africa, in Havnevik and van Arkadie (Eds) Domination or Dialogue? Experiences and Prospects for African Development Cooperation, (24-47), Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute.
  • Tordoff, W. (1984) Government and Politics in Africa, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ukiwo, U. (2005) On the Study of Ethnicity in Nigeria, Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), Working Paper No. 12.
  • Van Wyk, J.K. (2007) Political leaders in Africa: Presidents, patrons or Profiteers? The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) Occasional Paper Series. 2 (1).
  • Van de Walle, N. (1999) Globalisation and African Democracy, in R. Joseph (Ed.) State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, London: Lynne Rienner.
  • Van de Walle, N. and Johnston, T (1996) Improving Aid to Africa, Policy Essay No. 21, Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council
  • Wenger, A. and Zimmerman, D. (2003) International Relations: From the Cold War to the Globalized World, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Whitehead, L. (2002) Democratisation-Theory and Experience, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • World Bank (1994) Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road ahead, Washington, D.C: the World Bank. Newspapers
  • Abimboye, D. (2010) a nation’s Unbearable Burden, Newswatch July 12, pp. 12-21 Agbese, D. (2010) One Man’s Burden, Newswatch July 12, p.5
  • Leonard H Robinson, (2000) Clinton visit Raises hopes for Nigeria, Chicago Sun-Times, August 27.
  • Mbeki T (2006), Address at the launch of the Africa Leadership Initiative, Financial week, 25 May, p. 100
  • TELL Magazine Interview, Professor Ben Nwabueze 27 November 2000, p. 18.
  • TIME Magazine, 21 January 2008, p. 35
  • The Newswatch Magazine of 5 July 2010, pp. 34-35.
  • The Punch Newspaper 16 April 2001

The Challenges of Democratisation in Africa: Evidence and the Way Forward for Nigeria

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 29, 43 - 70, 12.07.2017

Öz

Democracy is perhaps the most popular political norm in modern discourse. For most sovereign states in Africa however, democratisation and its challenges have for long remained daunting. Even though described as ‘false start’, independence presented most African states with the opportunity of transforming colonial structure to democratic hegemony. Regrettably however, post-independence efforts aimed at achieving this have largely remained unimpressive. Till date, when assessed in the light of the pretensions in present times by most African states, one can safely state that democratisation is the most threatened political project in Africa. Suffice to state that this ‘struggle’ underlies the challenges to democratisation in Africa which is well typified by the Nigerian experience. This paper discussed colonialism, sovereignty, globalisation, military coup, ethnicity, poverty and political leadership as the broad challenges confronting democratisation in Africa within the context of Nigeria

Kaynakça

  • Adejumobi, S. (2006) Citizenship, Rights, and The Problem of Conflicts and Civil Wars in
  • Africa, in C., Heyns and K., Stefiszyn (Edited) Human Rights, Peace and Justice in Africa: A Reader, (250-256), Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press.
  • Adejumobi, S. (2000) Elections in Africa: A fading shadow of Democracy? International Political Science Review, 21 (1): 59-73.
  • Adetula, V.O.A. (2008) Money and Politics in Nigeria: An Overview, in V.O.A, Adetula (ed.) Money and Politics in Nigeria, (xxvii-xxxiv), Abuja: IFES.
  • Ake, C. (1991) Rethinking African Democracy, Journal of Democracy, 2: 239-244.
  • Ake, C. (1998) Globalisation, Multilateralism and the Shrinking Democratic Space, in M Schecter (ed.) Future Multilateralism: The Political and Social Framework, (179-195), Basingstoke: Macmillan.
  • Ake, C. (1981) “the State of Nigeria”, presidential address, in C. Edogun (Ed.) Nigeria: the Political Economy of Development: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Nigerian Political Science Association, NPSA, Port Harcourt: NPSA.
  • Amuwo, K (1992) the International (and Domestic) Context of Democratic Transition in Africa: Roadblocks to Democracy’, in B. Caron; A. Gboyega and E.E. Osaghae (Edited) Democratic Transition in Africa, Ibadan: Centre for Research, Documentation and University Exchange, CREDU (9-13).
  • Amusan, L. (2016) “Social Sciences as Imperialism: Analysis of the Global Economic Crisis of 2008 and Development Gaps in the Third World States.” Journal of Administrative Sciences, 14(27): 7-26.
  • Amusan, L. (2006) Nigeria’s Bid for Permanent Representative of the United Nations Security Council: Options and Possibilities. Politeia, 25(2): 183-200.
  • Annan, K (1996) Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa, New York: Report of the United Nations secretary General.
  • Basedau, M.; Erdmann, G. and Mehler, A. (Eds.) (2007) Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Sahara Africa. Uppsala: the Nordic Africa Institute.
  • Bekoe, D. (2010) ‘Trends in Electoral Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa’, United States Institute for Peace, Peace Brief No. 13.
  • Biennen, H and Herbst, J. (1996) the Relationship between Political and Economic Reform in Africa, Comparative Politics, 29 (1): 23-42.
  • Butler, A. (Ed.). (2010) Paying for Politics: Party Politics Funding and Political Change in South Africa and the Global South. Johanessburg: Jacana Press.
  • Chalker, L. (1991) Good Governance and the Aid Programme, London: The Overseas Development Administration. Chomsky, N. (1991) ‘The Struggle for Democracy in a changed World’, Review of African Political Economy 50: 12-20.
  • Clapham, C. (2001) Rethinking African states, African Security Review, 10 (3): 7-17.
  • Dahl, R. (1982) Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy, New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Dahl, R. (1971) Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, New Haven: Yale University Press
  • Diamond, L.; Kirk-Greene, A. and Oyediran, O (Eds.) (1997) Transition without end: Nigerian Politics and Civil Society Under Babangida, Ibadan: Vantage Publishers.
  • Diamond, L. (1996) ‘Deepening Democracy?’ West Africa, 328: 4089 702.
  • Dorman, S.R. (2006) Post-liberation politics in Africa: Examining the political legacy of struggle, Third World Quarterly 27 (6): 1085-1101.
  • Eleazu, U.O (1977) Federalism and Nation-building: The Nigerian Experience, 1954-1964, Devon: Arthur H. Stockwell Limited.
  • Goldstein, J. and Rotich, J. (2008) Digitally Networked Technology in Kenya’s 2007-2008
  • Post- Election Crisis, Internet and Democracy Case Study Series, Berkman Center Research Publication, No 9. Graf, W. (1988) the Nigerian State, London: James Currey
  • Green, D. and Luehrmann, L. (2003) Comparative Politics of the Third World: Linking Concepts and Cases, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers
  • Hearn, J. (2000) Foreign Aid, Democratisation, and civil society in Africa: A study of South Africa, Ghana and Uganda, Institute for Development Studies, IDS, Discussion Paper, No. 3.
  • Herb, M. (2005) ‘No Representation without Taxation? Rents, Development and Democracy’, Comparative Politics, 37: (3): 297-316.
  • Herb, M (2000) Does reinterism protect Democracy?’ Paper delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.
  • Heyns, C. and Stefiszyn, K (Eds.) 2006. Human Rights, Peace and Justice in Africa: A Reader, Pretoria: Pretoria University Law Press.
  • Horowitz, D (1991) A Democratic South Africa? Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Human Rights Watch, (2003) The Warri Crisis: Fuelling violence, New York: Human Rights Watch.
  • IJeoma, E.O.C. (2002) ‘Policy and Governance Issues Impacting on Nigeria’s Globalisation Initiatives’, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Jega, A. (2000) the State and Identity Transformation under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, in A. Jega (Eds.) Identity Transformation and Identity Politics under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, (24-40), Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute.
  • John, P. (1997) Nigeria Unity and the Tensions of Democracy: Geo-cultural Zones and the North-South Legacies, in Paul A. Beckett & Crawford, Young (Eds) Dilemmas of Democracy (91-112), Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
  • Joseph, R.A (1997) Democratization in Africa after 1989: Comparative and theoretical perspectives, Comparative Politics, 29 (3): 363-382.
  • Joseph, R. A. (1991) Africa: the Rebirth of Political Freedom, Journal of Democracy, 2 (fall): 11-24.
  • Joseph, R.A. (1987) Democracy and Prebendal Politics in Nigeria: the Rise and Fall of the Second Republic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Joseph, R. A. (1981) ‘Ethnic Trap’: Notes on the Nigerian Campaign and Elections, 1978-79’, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 11 (1-2): 17-23.
  • Kasfir, N (1976) the Shrinking Political Arena: Participation and Ethnicity in African Politics with a Case Study of Uganda, Berkeley: University of California Press. Kew, D (2005) Building democracy in 21st century Africa: Two Africas, one solution, The
  • Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, (Winter/Spring): 149-161. Kriegler and Waki Reports on the 2007 Kenya Elections.
  • Kura, Y. (2005) Globalisation and Democracy- A dialectical framework for understanding democratisation in Nigeria.
  • Lofchie, M.F. (Edited) (1971) the State of Nations: Constraints on Development in Independent Africa, Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Longman, T. (1999) State, Civil Society and Genocide in Rwanda, in R Joseph (Ed) State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publisher.
  • Maier, K. (2000) This House Has Fallen: Nigeria in Crisis. London: Penguin Books.
  • Peter, L. (1996) Endgame in Nigeria: the Politics of a failed Transition, African Affairs, 93: 323-340.
  • Mimiko, O. (1998) ‘The Political Economy of Human Rights Violations and the Imperative of Democratisation in Contemporary Africa’ in Yomi Dinakin et al (Eds.) Ado Readings in Law, Vol. 1, Ado Ekiti: Faculty of Law, Ekiti State University.
  • Mustapha, A. (2002) ‘Coping with Diversity: The Nigerian State in Historical Perspective’ in Abdi Ismail Samatar & Ahmed Samatar (eds) The African State: Reconsiderations, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Publishers
  • Naomi, C. (1991) Africa’s Democratic Challenge World Policy Journal, 9 (2): 279-307.
  • Obayemi, A. (1994) The Recurring Preamble: Cultural Historical Foundations and the Modern State of Nigeria, in A, Mahadi; G.A., Kwanashie and M., Yakubu, (Eds) Nigeria: The State of the Nation and the Way Forward.
  • Ojukwu C.C. and Shopeju, J.O. (2010) ‘Elite Corruption and the Culture of Primitive Accumulation in the 21st Century Nigeria’, International Journal of Peace and Development Studies, 1 (2): 18-20.
  • Okuko, J. (2006) ‘Beyond ‘third term’ politics in Uganda: The implications of proposed constitutional reforms for democratic governance’ Africa Insight, 36 (1): 289-306.
  • Onyeonoru, I (2003) Globalisation and Industrial Performance in Nigeria, Africa Development, XXVIII (3 & 4): 33-66.
  • Osabu-Kle, D.T. (2000) Compatible Cultural Democracy: the Key to Development in Africa, Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press.
  • Oyedele, T. (2002) Privatisation and Economic Reform, The text of the paper delivered at a three-day Communication Workshop organized by the International Republican Institute, Nigeria, for the Leaders of Political Parties in Nigeria at NICON Hotel, Abuja, on October 16.
  • Post, K.W.J. and Vickers, M. (1973) Structure and Conflict in Nigeria, 1960-1966, London: Heinemann
  • Przeworski, A. and Limongi, F. (2000) Democracy and Development, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Przeworski, A. (1988) ‘Democracy as a Contingent Outcome of Conflict’, in Elster, J. and Slagstad, R. (ed.) Constitutionalism and Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rodney, W. (1972) How Europe underdeveloped Africa, London: Bogle-L’Ouverture Publications.
  • Sachs, J. and Warner, A. (1995) Economic Reform and the Process of Globalisation, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1 (1-198): 61-63.
  • Saliu, H.A. and Omotola, J.S. (2008) ‘the National Political Reform Conference and the Future of Nigeria’s Democracy’, in Saliu, HA; Jimoh IH; Yusuf, N and EO Ojo Edited,
  • Perspectives on Nation-Building and Development in Nigeria: Political and Legal Issues, Ilorin: Faculty of Business and Social Sciences, 168-196.
  • Sandbrook, R. (1993) The Politics of Africa’s Economic Recovery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Sartori, G. (1969) ‘What democracy is not’ in C.F., Cnudde and D.E., Neubauer (Eds.) Empirical Democratic Theory, Chicago: Markham
  • Schmitter, P.C and Karl, T.L. (1991) ‘What democracy is...and is not ?’ Journal of Democracy, 2 (3): 75-88.
  • Sklar, R. (2003) ‘Nigeria: Completing Obasanjo’s legacy’, Journal of Democracy, 17 (3): 100- 115.
  • Soyinka, W. (1996) the Open Sore of a Continent: A Personal Narrative of the Nigerian Crisis, New York: Oxford University Press
  • Sparks, A. (1994) Tomorrow is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa’s Negotiated Revolution, Sandton: Struik Books.
  • Suberu, R. (1995) ‘Federalism, Ethnicity, and Regionalism’ unpublished paper presented at the Conference on Dilemmas of Democracy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, November 10-12.
  • Thandika, M. (1997) Economic Policy-Making and the Consolidation of Democratic Institutions in Africa, in Havnevik and van Arkadie (Eds) Domination or Dialogue? Experiences and Prospects for African Development Cooperation, (24-47), Uppsala: The Nordic Africa Institute.
  • Tordoff, W. (1984) Government and Politics in Africa, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ukiwo, U. (2005) On the Study of Ethnicity in Nigeria, Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), Working Paper No. 12.
  • Van Wyk, J.K. (2007) Political leaders in Africa: Presidents, patrons or Profiteers? The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) Occasional Paper Series. 2 (1).
  • Van de Walle, N. (1999) Globalisation and African Democracy, in R. Joseph (Ed.) State, Conflict, and Democracy in Africa, London: Lynne Rienner.
  • Van de Walle, N. and Johnston, T (1996) Improving Aid to Africa, Policy Essay No. 21, Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council
  • Wenger, A. and Zimmerman, D. (2003) International Relations: From the Cold War to the Globalized World, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Whitehead, L. (2002) Democratisation-Theory and Experience, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • World Bank (1994) Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results and the Road ahead, Washington, D.C: the World Bank. Newspapers
  • Abimboye, D. (2010) a nation’s Unbearable Burden, Newswatch July 12, pp. 12-21 Agbese, D. (2010) One Man’s Burden, Newswatch July 12, p.5
  • Leonard H Robinson, (2000) Clinton visit Raises hopes for Nigeria, Chicago Sun-Times, August 27.
  • Mbeki T (2006), Address at the launch of the Africa Leadership Initiative, Financial week, 25 May, p. 100
  • TELL Magazine Interview, Professor Ben Nwabueze 27 November 2000, p. 18.
  • TIME Magazine, 21 January 2008, p. 35
  • The Newswatch Magazine of 5 July 2010, pp. 34-35.
  • The Punch Newspaper 16 April 2001
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Lere Amusan Bu kişi benim

Ademola Jegede Bu kişi benim

Luqman Saka Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Amusan, L., Jegede, A., & Saka, L. (2017). The Challenges of Democratisation in Africa: Evidence and the Way Forward for Nigeria. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(29), 43-70.

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Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 2024 yılının Eylül ayında “Endüstri 4.0 ve Dijitalleşmenin Sosyal Bilimlerde Yansımaları” başlıklı bir özel sayı yayınlayacaktır.
Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Biga İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi tarafından 5-6 Temmuz 2024 tarihlerinde çevrimiçi olarak düzenlenecek olan 4. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Konferansı’nda sunum gerçekleştiren yazarların dergi için ücret yatırmasına gerek olmayıp, dekont yerine Konferans Katılım Belgesini sisteme yüklemeleri yeterli olacaktır.
Gönderilen makalelerin derginin yazım kurallarına uygun olması ve DergiPark sistemi üzerinden sisteme yüklenmesi gerekmektedir. Özel sayı ana başlığı ile ilgisiz makaleler değerlendirmeye alınmayacaktır. Özel sayı için gönderilen makalelerin "Makalemi özel sayıya göndermek istiyorum" kutucuğu işaretlenerek sisteme yüklenmesi gerekmektedir. Özel sayı için gönderilmemiş makalelerin bu sayıya eklenmesi mümkün olmayacaktır.
Özel Sayı Çalışma Takvimi
Gönderim Başlangıcı: 15 Nisan 2024
Son Gönderim Tarihi: 15 Temmuz 2024
Özel Sayı Yayınlanma Tarihi: Eylül 2024

Dergimize göndereceğiniz çalışmalar linkte yer alan taslak dikkate alınarak hazırlanmalıdır. Çalışmanızı aktaracağınız taslak dergi yazım kurallarına göre düzenlenmiştir. Bu yüzden biçimlendirmeyi ve ana başlıkları değiştirmeden çalışmanızı bu taslağa aktarmanız gerekmektedir.
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