Parental Distress Tolerance in the Face of Adolescent Problems: A Qualitative Study

Öz

Objective: This research examines how parents tolerate the psychological distress (PD) of their adolescent children. In particular, the study explores what kinds of PD adolescents experience, what factors affect parents’ tolerance of their children’s PD, how they appraise their responses to their children's PD, how they cope with the emotions arising from their children's PD, and how they manage their attention in this process. Method: The study used qualitative research methods and semi-structured interviews with ten parents. The interviews with participants identified through purposive and snowball sampling were conducted via video conference. In the interviews, we used five questions inspired by the theoretical conceptualization of distress tolerance. The study used deductive and inductive methods and analyzed data along four sub-factors of distress tolerance. Results: Participants reported that their children experienced distress related to technology use, self-regulation, social relationships, family communication, exposure to bullying, negative body perception, and academic problems. Distress, parent, and child-related factors affect parents' tolerance towards these problems. Inadequacy, regret, or positive comments are prominent in parents' self-appraisal. Acceptance of distress, taking time for themselves, seeking support, thinking about the problem until it is solved, and crying are the methods of regulation used by parents. Finally, while some parents are absorbed in rumination and worry, others may use avoidant or flexible attention. Conclusion: Considering the impact of parental DT on children's emotional development, we believe that interventions to support parental DT are crucial. However, it is seen that there are not enough studies on parental DT in the literature, and the studies that have been conducted have mainly been performed on clinical samples. Thus, we consider that the results of this study will be helpful to for parental DT research to be conducted on non-clinical samples and for interventions to improve parental DT.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychological distress
• Parental distress tolerance
• Adolescence

Ergen Sorunları Karşısında Ebeveyn Sıkıntı Toleransı: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, ebeveynlerin ergen çocuklarının psikolojik sıkıntılarını nasıl tolere ettiklerini incelemektedir. Özellikle, ergenlerin ne tür psikolojik sıkıntılar yaşadıkları, ebeveynlerin çocuklarının psikolojik sıkıntılarını tolere etmelerini etkileyen faktörleri, çocuklarının psikolojik sıkıntılarına verdikleri tepkileri nasıl değerlendirdikleri, çocuklarının psikolojik sıkıntılarından kaynaklanan duygularla nasıl başa çıktıkları ve bu süreçte dikkatlerini nasıl yönettikleri araştırılmaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış ve on ebeveyn ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Amaçlı ve kartopu örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen katılımcılarla yapılan görüşmeler video konferans aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Görüşmelerde, sıkıntı toleransının teorik kavramsallaştırmasından esinlenen beş soru kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tümdengelim ve tümevarım yöntemleri kullanılmış ve veriler sıkıntı toleransının dört alt faktörüne göre analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Katılımcılar, çocuklarının teknoloji kullanımı, öz düzenleme, sosyal ilişkiler, aile içi iletişim, zorbalığa maruz kalma, olumsuz beden algısı ve akademik sorunlarla ilgili sıkıntılar yaşadığını bildirmiştir. Sıkıntıya bağlı faktörler, ebeveynle ilgili faktörler ve çocuğa ilişkin faktörler ebeveynlerin bu sıkıntılara karşı toleransını etkilemektedir. Ebeveynlerin kendilerini değerlendirmelerinde yetersizlik, pişmanlık veya olumlu yorumlar öne çıkmaktadır. Sıkıntıyı kabullenme, kendine zaman ayırma, destek arama, sorun çözülene kadar düşünme ve ağlama ebeveynler tarafından kullanılan regülasyon yöntemleridir. Son olarak, bazı ebeveynler ruminasyon ve endişeye kapılırken, diğerleri kaçınmacı veya esnek dikkati kullanmaktadır. Sonuç: Ebeveyn DT'sinin çocukların duygusal gelişimi üzerindeki etkisi göz önüne alındığında, ebeveyn DT'sini desteklemeye yönelik müdahalelerin çok önemli olduğuna inanıyoruz. Ancak literatürde ebeveyn DT'sine ilişkin yeterli sayıda çalışma bulunmadığı ve yapılan çalışmaların da çoğunlukla klinik örneklemler üzerinde gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın sonuçlarının klinik olmayan örneklemlerde yapılacak ebeveyn DT araştırmalarına ve ebeveyn DT'sini geliştirmeye yönelik müdahalelere yardımcı olacağını düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikolojik sıkıntı
• Ebeveyn sıkıntı toleransı
• Ergenlik dönemi

Kaynakça

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