A Review of the Relationships among Emotions, Emotion Regulation, and Health

Öz

The purpose of this article is to explore how the latest findings in the field of affective science can be applied to health. To this end, the basic concepts of emotions and stress were reviewed first. Next, studies investigating the relationship between affective science and health were examined. Finally, the most informative findings ready for transfer to health and health-related behaviors are presented. Functional emotion regulation strategies are associated with lower physiological stress and healthier behaviors, whereas suppression, avoidance and rumination are associated with an increased stress response, inflammation and cardiovascular risk. In the area of pain, suppressing emotions is associated with higher pain intensity and functional impairment, whereas appropriate expression is associated with lower pain. In the immune system, suppression as an emotion regulation strategy, and in particular, feelings of shame and guilt, are associated with pro-inflammatory markers. In the cardiovascular domain, anger, hostility and suppression are associated with an increased risk, and cultural context appears to be an important factor in physiological responses. Difficulties in emotion regulation, visceral sensitivity and catastrophizing are associated with symptom severity in gastrointestinal disorders. It is evident that many of the findings are based on cross-sectional studies, and therefore there is a greater need for biomarker-based and longitudinal studies in this field. Emotion regulation affects physical health directly and indirectly. It is recommended that emotion regulation skills are strengthened in clinical and public health interventions, considering cultural context, developmental stage and differences in clinical populations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• affective science
• emotion regulation
• health

Duygular, Duygu Düzenleme ve Sağlık Arasındaki İlişkilerin Gözden Geçirilmesi

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, duygu bilimden elde edilen son bulguların sağlık alanına nasıl aktarılabileceğine dair görüş sağlamaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilk olarak duygu ve stresin temel kavramlarıyla ilgili tanımsal kavramlar gözden geçirilmiştir. Daha sonra, duygu bilim ve sağlık alanı ilişkisine dair bilgiler sunan araştırmalar gözden geçirilmiştir. Son olarak, en bilgilendirici ve aynı zamanda sağlık ve sağlıkla ilgili davranış alanlarına aktarılmaya hazır bulgular sunulmuştur. Duygu düzenlemede işlevsel stratejiler daha düşük fizyolojik yük ve daha uyumlu sağlık davranışlarıyla; bastırma ile kaçınma ve ruminasyon ise artmış stres yanıtı, inflamasyon ve kardiyovasküler risklerle ilişkilidir. Ağrı alanında duyguları bastırma daha yüksek ağrı şiddeti ve işlev kaybıyla; uygun ifade ise daha düşük ağrı ile bağlantılıdır. Bağışıklık sisteminde, duygu düzenleme stratejilerinden bastırmanın ve özellikle utanç ve suçluluk duygularının proinflamatuvar göstergelerle ilişkili olduğu görülmektedir. Kardiyovasküler alanda öfke ile hostilite ve bastırma risk artışıyla ilişkili olup, kültürel bağlamın fizyolojik yanıtlar üzerinde önemli bir faktör olabileceği görülmektedir. Gastrointestinal bozukluklarda da duygu düzenleme güçlükleri, viseral duyarlılık ve felaketleştirmenin semptom şiddeti ile ilişkili olduğu söylenebilir. Bulguların önemli bir kısmının kesitsel araştırmalara dayandığı, dolayısı ile bu alanda biyobelirteç temelli ve boylamsal çalışmalara daha fazla ihtiyaç olduğu görülmektedir. Duygu düzenleme, fiziksel sağlığı hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı yollarla etkiler. Klinik ve halk sağlığı müdahalelerinde duygu düzenleme becerilerinin güçlendirilmesi; kültürel bağlam, gelişimsel dönem ve klinik popülasyon farklılıklarının dikkate alınması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• duygu bilim
• duygu düzenleme
• sağlık

Kaynakça

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