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Cezaevi Popülasyonunda Dünya Örnekleriyle Ruh Sağlığı Uygulamaları ve Yol Haritası

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 46 - 76, 27.12.2021

Öz

Cezaevi popülasyonunda ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin ve uygulamalarının önemi her
geçen gün daha fazla artmaktadır. Gerek mahkûmların sağlık sorunlarının tespiti
gerek cezaevlerinin huzur ve güven ortamının sağlanması gerekse suç işlemiş
bireyleri yeniden suçtan uzak tutabilecek rehabilitasyon süreçlerinin devamlılığı
açısından cezaevlerinde nitelikli ruh sağlığı hizmetine ulaşımın kolaylaşması
gerekir. Cezaevlerinin kendine özgü koşul ve dinamiklerinden kaynaklanan
birtakım güçlükler cezaevi popülasyonuna ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini ulaştırma
açısından çeşitli sorunlar yaratabilir. Bununla birlikte dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde
cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı uygulamalarını başarıyla yürüten örnekler de mevcuttur.
Uygar bir toplum düzeninin gereği olarak cezaevi ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin
iyileştirilmesine yönelik insan hakları temelli ve bilimsel yöntemi esas alan
kapsamlı politikalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bu politikaların oluşturulmasında konunun
paydaşlarının görüşlerini içeren ve dünyadaki farklı uygulamaları harmanlayan
bütünlüklü bir anlayış esas alınmalıdır. Ruh sağlığı hizmetlerine yönelik yürütücü
organizasyon şemasıyla başlayan ve mahkûmla gerçekleştirilen ilk görüşmeden
cezaevi sonrası müdahalelere kadar her basamağı ayrıntılı şekilde planlanmış bir
politikanın cezaevlerinde yaşanan ruh sağlığı temelli sorunları en aza indireceği
öngörülebilir. Ayrıca ruhsal bozuklukların türüne göre farklılaşan tanı ve tedavi
süreçlerinin mahkûmlara sağlanabilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununla
birlikte kadın, çocuk ve yaşlı mahkûmlar, cinsel ya da yineleyici suç işleyenler ve
toplumsal cinsiyete uymayan bireyler gibi özel gereksinimi olan grupların da
kendilerine özgü ruhsal ihtiyaçlarının iyi bilinmesi ve bu ihtiyaçların olabildiğince
karşılanması gerekir. Bütün bu hizmetleri uygulayacak nitelikli personelin eğitimi
de cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin niteliğinin artması açısından kilit noktalardan
biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu yazıda da cezaevlerinde ruh sağlığı hizmetlerini
geliştirmeye odaklanan bir yol haritasının sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

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  • U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2015). Mortality in local jails and state prisons, 2000-2013 - statistical tables. https://bjs.ojp.gov/content/pub/pdf/mljsp0013st.pdf
  • UN General Assembly. (1966). International covenant on economic, social and cultural rights. United Nations, Treaty Series. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx
  • Underwood, L. A., Barretti, L., Storms, T. L. ve Safonte-Strumolo, N. (2004). A review of clinical characteristics and residential treatments for adolescent delinquents with mental health disorders: A promising residential program. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 5(3), 199-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838004264344
  • Underwood, L. A., Phillips, A., von Dresner, K. ve Knight, P. D. (2006). Critical factors in mental health programming for juveniles in corrections facilities. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(1), 107-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100771
  • Underwood, L. A., Warren, K. M., Talbott, L., Jackson, L. T. ve Dailey, F. L. L. (2014). Mental health treatment in juvenile justice secure care facilities: Practice and policy recommendations. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 14(1), 55-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2014.865398
  • US Federal Bureau of Prisons. (2021). Inmate substance abuse treatment. https://www.bop.gov/inmates/custody_and_care/substance_abuse_treatment.jsp
  • Wallace, D. ve Wang, X. (2020). Does in-prison physical and mental health impact recidivism? SSM - Population Health, 11, 100569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100569
  • Walmsley, R. (2015). World Female Imprisonment List third edition: Women and girls in penal institutions, including pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners. https://www.prisonstudies.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/world_female_imprisonm ent_list_third_edition_0.pdf
  • Walmsley, R. (2018). World prison population list (twelfth edition). Institute for Criminal Policy Research, 12, 1-19.
  • Waraich, P., Goldner, E. M., Somers, J. M. ve Hsu, L. (2004). Prevalence and incidence studies of mood disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(2), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404900208
  • Way, B. B., Miraglia, R., Sawyer, D. A., Beer, R. ve Eddy, J. (2005). Factors related to suicide in New York state prisons. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 28(3), 207-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.09.003
  • WHO Management of Mental and Brain Disorders Team & International Association for Suicide Prevention. (2007). Preventing suicide in jails and prisons. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43678
  • World Health Organisation. (2013). Good governance for prison health in the 21st century. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/231506/Good-governance-for-prisonhealth-in-the-21st-century.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2009). Women’s health in prison: Correcting gender inequity in prison health. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/76513/E92347.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2012). Alcohol problems in the criminal justice system: An opportunity for intervention. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/181068/e96751-ver-2.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Organizational models of prison health. Considerations for better governance. WHO Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/336214
  • Zeola, M. P., Guina, J. ve Nahhas, R. W. (2017). Mental health referrals reduce recidivism in first-time juvenile offenders, but how do we determine who is referred? Psychiatric Quarterly, 88(1), 167- 183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-016-9445-z
Toplam 112 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikiyatri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Burak Amil 0000-0003-0918-3395

Yasin Hasan Balcıoğlu Bu kişi benim

Fatih Öncü Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6448-7992

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ekim 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Amil, B., Balcıoğlu, Y. H., & Öncü, F. (2021). Cezaevi Popülasyonunda Dünya Örnekleriyle Ruh Sağlığı Uygulamaları ve Yol Haritası. Current Research and Reviews in Psychology and Psychiatry, 1(1), 46-76.