Dünyada Genç İşsizliği Sorununun Çözümüne Yönelik Ulusal Politikalar ve Türkiye

Öz

NATIONAL POLICIES AS REGARDS SOLUTION OF THE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE WORLD AND TURKEY

Öz

In this article, the national policies relevant to size and solutions of the problems of youth unemployment in the World and Turkey are discussed. Along with globalization and neo-liberal policies, the youth unemployment has been the common problem of all countries regardless of being developed or underdeveloped country. In spite of growth experienced in the world’s economy in the last decade which will be considered significant, no substantial development could be provided for solution of youth unemployment problem. The major reason therefore is that the economical growth is not reflected in employment due to being that it is attained in line with productivity increase to a great extent. Due to being that the economical growth does not make any contribution to youth unemployment it is required that in many countries the national policies are put into action in line with the economical growth or that the efficiency of the existing policies is increased. The said national policies are mainly divided into two categories: Education policies and active labour market policies. In this regard, it is needed that the national policies are immediately be implemented and the efficiency of existing ones is increased in order to solve youth unemployment problem which has substantially become widespread. The first attempt that must be made on for this purpose is to establish a national employment strategy in accordance with the said policies. This article aims at revealing the national policies which will be a solution for youth unemployment problem in terms of offering an insight into the employment strategy needed to create in Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Youth Unemployment (Genç İşsizliği), National Policies (Ulusal Politikalar), Active Labour Market Policies (Aktif İşgücü Piyasası Politikaları), ALMP (AİPP)

Kaynakça

1. Auer, Peter/Natalia Popova (2003); “Labour Market Policy for Restructuring in Turkey: The Need for More Active Policies”, ILO Employment Paper 51, Geneva, http://www-ilo-mirror.cornell.edu/public/english/employment/strat/download/ep 51.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2008).
2. Bae, Sang Hoon/Ji Hoon Song (2006); “Youth Unemployment and the Role of Career and Technical Education: A Study of the Korean Labor Market”, Career and Technical Education Research, 31(1), pp. 3–21, http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ ejournals/CTER/v31n1/pdf/bae.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2008).
3. Baldi, Gregory (2008); “The Politics of Youth Unemployment Policies in Britain, France, and Germany”, Paper Prepared for Presentation at the International Studies Association Annual Meeting, San Francisko, http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/2/5/1/2/4/pages251 241/p251241-1.php (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2008).
4. Betcherman, Gordon (2002); “An Overview of Labor Markets World-Wide: Key Trends and Major Policy Issues”, Social Protection Discussion Paper, World Bank, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources /SP-Discussion- papers/Labor-Market-DP/0205.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2008).
5. Biçerli, M. Kemal (2007); Çalışma Ekonomisi, genişletilmiş 4. baskı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
6. Buğra, Ayşe/Sinem Adar (2007); Türkiye’nin Kamu Sosyal Koruma Harcamalarının Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi, Sosyal Politika Forumu, http://www.spf.boun.edu.tr/ docs/SocialPolicyWatch_Rapor__TR_.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 16.08.2008).
7. Ceylan-Ataman, Berrin (2000); İşgücü Piyasası ve İstihdam Politikalarının Temel Prensipleri, A.Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara.
8. Ceylan-Ataman, Berrin (2003); “İşsizlik Sorunu ve Türkiye’nin AB İstihdam Stratejisine Uyumu”, İşveren Dergisi, Cilt: 42, Sayı: 1, Ankara, ss. 33–37.

9. European Commission (2001); “On Guidelines for Member States' Employment Policies for the Year 2001” Official Journal of the European Communities, http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:022:0018:00 26:EN:PDF (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2008).
10. EUROSTAT, Unemployment Statistics Database, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal /page/portal/employment_unemployment_lfs/data/database (Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2009).
11. EUROSTAT, People by Age Classes - Share of -Total Population 2008, http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/population/data/main_tables, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2009).
12. Fouge`re, Denis/Francis Kramarz/Thierry Magnac (2000); “Youth Employment Policies in France”, European Economic Review, Vol: 44, 2000, pp. 928–942, http://ideas.repec.org/p/cpr/ceprdp/2394.html#download (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04. 2008).
13. Godfrey, Martin (2003); “Youth Employment Policy in Developing and Transition Countries – Prevention as well as Cure”, World Bank Social Protection Discussion Paper, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContent Server/WDSP/IB/2004/02/23/000090341_20040223133440/Rendered/PDF/278750SP 0discussion00320.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
14. Gross, Dominique (1998); “Youth Unemployment and Youth Labour Market Policies in Germany and Canada”, Action Programme on Youth Unemployment, ILO, http://www-ilo-mirror.cornell.edu/public/english/employment/yett/download/etp 37.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
15. Gündoğan, Naci (1999); “Genç İşsizliği ve Avrupa Birliği’ne Üye Ülkelerde Uygulanan Genç İstihdam Politikaları”, A. Ü. Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 54/1, ss. 63–79.
16. Gündoğan, Naci (2001); Genç İşsizliği, Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, No: 1320, Eskişehir.
17. ILO (2001); “A Global Alliance for Youth Employment: Recommendations of the High-Level Panel on Youth Employment”, United Nations General Assembly, 28 September 2001, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/yen/- download/a56422.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
18. ILO (2005); “Global Analysis and Evaluation of National Action Plans on Youth Employment”, United Nations General Assembly, 19 July 2005, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/yen/downloads/resolutions/report_60_ 133.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
19. ILO (2006a); Global Employment Trends For Youth 2006, http://www.ilo.org /public/english/employment/strat/download/gety06en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
20. ILO (2006b); A Resource Directory for Lead Countries of the Youth Employment Network,http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/yen/download/yenresdir. pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
21. ILO (2008a); Global Employment Trends 2008, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/ employment/strat/download/get08.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
22. ILO (2008b); Global Employment Trends For Youth 2008, http://www.ilo.org/ public/english/employment/strat/download/gety08.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2009).
23. ILO (2009); Global Employment Trends 2009, http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/ public/---dgreports/--- dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_101461.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2009).
24. İŞKUR (2007); Stratejik Plan 2008 – 2012, Ankara, http://www.sp.gov.tr/documents/ planlar/TurkiyeIsKurumuSP0812.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
25. İTO (2006); Eğitim Reformu ve İstihdam, Andrew Vorkink tarafından İTO’da yapılan konuşma metni, http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES /ECAEXT/TURKEYINTURKISHEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20834427~pagePK:1497618 ~piPK:217854~theSitePK:455688,00.html (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
26. Karataş, Kasım (1996); Genç İşsizliği Ekonomik Toplumsal ve Ruhsal Sonuçları, Sosyal Hizmet Uzmanları Derneği Yayınları, No: 2, Ankara.
27. Lordoğlu, Kuvvet/Nurcan Özkaplan (2005); Çalışma İktisadı, düzeltilmiş 2. baskı, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
28. Meijers, Frans/Kıtty Te Riele (2004); “From Controlling to Constructive: Youth Unemployment Policy in Australia and The Netherlands”, Journal of Social Policy, Vol: 33, İssue:1, pp. 3–25, http://journals.cambridge.org/action /displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=198427 (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2008).
29. Morris, Elizabeth (2006); “Globalization and İts Effects on Youth Employment Trends in Asia”, Paper Presented to the Regional Expert Group Meeting on Development challenges for Young People, Bangkok, http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/workshops/regm_asia_ilo_elizabeth_morris_paper .pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
30. O’Higgins, Niall (1997); “The Challenge of Youth Unemployment”, Action Programme on Youth Unemployment, ILO, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/ strat/download/etp7.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
31. O’Higgins, Niall (2004); “Recent Trends in Youth Labour Markets and Youth Employment Policy in Europe and Central Asia”, Università degli Studi di Salerno Centro di Economia del Lavoro e di Politica Economica Discussion Paper 85, Ottobre, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract-id=758884 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
32. Savcı, İlkay (2007); “Genç İşsizliği: Eğitim ve İstihdamda Sorunlar, Çözüm Arayışları”, Genç İşsizliği Sempozyumu, TİSK Akademi, Cilt: 2, Özel Sayı: 1, Ankara, ss. 87–108.
33. Selamoğlu Ahmet/Kuvvet Lordoğlu (2006); Katılım Sürecinde Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye’de İşgücü ve İstihdamın Görünümü, Belediye-İş Yayınları, Ankara.
34. TÜİK (2008); İstatistik Yıllığı 2008, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/yillik/yillik.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2009).
35. TÜİK, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi 2008, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do ?tb_id=39&ust_id=11 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.03.2009).
36. TÜİK, İşgücü İstatistikleri, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?tb_id=25&ust_id=8 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.04.2009).
37. UN (2005); World Youth Report 2005, Young People Today, and in 2015, http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/wyr05book.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2008).
38. UN (2007), United Nations World Youth Report 2007, http://www.un.org /esa/socdev/unyin/documents/wyr07_complete.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2008).
39. UNDP (2008); Turkey Human Development Report Youth in Turkey, http://www.undp.org.tr/publicationsDocuments/NHDR_En.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2008).
40. World Bank (2005); Turkey—Education Sector Study, http://siteresources.worldbank.or g/INTTURKEY/Resources/361616- 1142415001082/ESS_Main_Report_V1.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
41. World Bank (2006); Turkey Labor Market Study 2006, http://siteresources.worldbank.o rg/INTTURKEY/Resources/361616- 1144320150009/Labor_Study.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2008).
42. World Bank (2007a); World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation, http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentSer ver/WDSP/IB/2006/09/13/000112742_20060913111024/Rendered/PDF/359990WDR 0complete.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 07.04.2008).
43. World Bank (2007b); “A Review of Interventions to Support Young Workers: Findings of the Youth Employment Inventory”, Discussion Paper, http:// siteresources.worldbank.org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/SP-Discussion- papers/Labor-Market-DP/0715.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2008).