Hollanda’da Kadınların Kısmi Süreli İstihdamı ve Etkileri

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 29, 129 - 163, 01.01.2011

Recep Kapar

Öz

Hollanda’da kısmi süreli istihdam geçen 30 yıl içinde önemli derecedeartmış ve en yaygın çalışma biçimlerinden biri haline gelmiştir.Hollanda’da kısmi süreli kadın istihdam oranı diğer OECDülkelerindekinden yüksektir. Bu ülkede çalışan dört kadından üçükısmi süreli çalışmaktadır. 2009 yılında kadınların kısmi süreli çalışmaoranı yüzde 75,8 erkeklerinkinden yüzde 24,9 üç kat daha fazladır. Hollanda’da kadınların kısmi süreli istihdam oranı artarken, hane yapısı tek gelir getiren erkek modelinden erkeğin tam zamanlı kadının ise kısmi süreli çalıştığı modele doğru değişmektedir. Sınırlı ücret artışları ve iş paylaşımı 1980’li yıllardan bu yana Hollanda modelinin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Hollanda’da kısmi süreli çalışma tam süreli çalışma gibi güvenceli ve devamlı olduğu için çoğu zaman eğreti çalışma olarak kabul edilmez. Fakat çoğunlukla kadınların çalıştığı aşırı a-tipik ve aşırı kısmi süreli işler güvencesiz, düşük ücretli, gelip geçici ve eğretidir. Gönülsüz kısmi süreli istihdam oranı düşük olmakla birlikte, kısmi süreli istihdamın uzun dönemli olumsuz etkilerinin üstesinden bütünüyle gelinememiştir. Aynı zamanda, istihdam geçişkenliklerinde cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizlik varlığını sürdürmekte ve kadınlar erkeklerden dikkate değer biçimde daha az gelir elde etmektedir. Emeklilik geliri, kariyer gelişimi, yoksulluk riski ve kadının ekonomik bağımsızlılığı üzerinde kısmi süreli çalışmanın olumsuz etkileri vardır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hollanda, Kısmi süreli istihdam, Kadınlar, Ekonomik ve sosyal etkiler

Kaynakça

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