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Dünyada Kronik Yoksulluk ve Önleme Stratejileri

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 17, 61 - 100, 01.01.2008

Hasan Ejder Temiz

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Rolf Aaberge, Magne Mogstad “On the Definition and Measurement of Chronic Poverty”, The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Discussion Paper No.2659, March 2007.
  • Sabine Alkire, Choosing Dimension: The Capability Approach and Multidimensional Poverty. Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Working Paper, No.88, Manchester, August 2007.
  • Kevin Bales; Kullanılıp Atılanlar: Küresel Ekonomide Yeni Kölelik. (Çev. Pınar Öğünç) Çitlembik Yayınları, İstanbul 2002.
  • Armando Barrientos; Does Vulnerability Create Poverty Traps?. CPRC Working Paper No.76, Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Manchester, 2007.
  • Armando Barrientos, Andrew Shepherd; “Chronic Poverty and Social Protection” CPRC Conference on Chronic Poverty, University of Manchester, April 2003.
  • Armando Barrientos, David Hulme, Andrew Shepherd; “Can Social Protection Tackle Chronic Poverty?” The European Journal of Development Research, Vol.17, No. 1, March 2005, s.8-23.
  • Martin Biewen, Martin Biewen, Who are the Chronic Poor? Evidence on the Extent and the Composition of Chronic Poverty in Germany. German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Discussion Papers No.350, Berlin, May 2003.
  • Kate Bird, Nicola Pratt; Fracture Points in Social Policies for Chronic Poverty Reduction. Overseas Development Institute, London, October 2004.
  • CPRC; The Chronic Poverty Report 2004–05, Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Manchester, 2006.
  • DFID; Reducing Poverty by Tackling Social Exclusion. The Department for International Development (DFID), London, September 2005.
  • DFID; Eliminating World Poverty Making Governance Work for the Poor. The Department for International Development (DFID), London 2006.
  • EC.; Child Poverty and Well-Being in the EU. European Commission, Luxembourg, 2008.
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; Working poor in the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004.
  • Naci Gündoğan; Yoksulluğun Değişen Yüzü Çalışan Yoksullar. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları No.1727, Eskişehir 2007.
  • Arjan de Haan; “Beyond Residual Social Policy in a Development Context,” Globalism and Social Policy Seminar (GASPP), GASPP 7 Seminar, Institute on Globalism and the Human Condition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, 11-12 September 2004.
  • James Heintz; Globalization, Economic Policy and Employment: Poverty and Gender Implications. Employment Strategy Papers No.2006/3, Geneva, 2006.
  • Sam Hickey, Sarah Bracking; “Exploring the Politics of Chronic Poverty: From Representation to a Politics of Justice?” World Development, Vol.33, No.6, June 2005, s. 851-865.
  • Sam Hickey, Andries du Toit; Adverse Incorporation, Social Exclusion and Chronic Poverty. CPRC Working Paper No.81, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, Manchester, June 2007.
  • Chris Horsell; “Homelessness and Social Exclusion: A Foucauldian Perspective for Social Workers,” Australian Social Work. Vol.59, No.2, June 2006, s.213-225.
  • HM Treasury; Child Poverty Review, London, July 2004.
  • David Hulme; “Chronic Poverty and Development Policy: An Introduction” World Development. Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.399-402.
  • David Hulme, Andrew Shepherd; “Conceptualizing Chronic Poverty,” World Development. Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.403-423.
  • David Hulme, Karen Moore, Andrew Shepherd; “Chronic Poverty: Meanings and Analytical Frameworks,” Chronic Poverty in India. (içinde) Edited by Aasha Kapur Mehta, Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), New Delhi 2003.
  • ILO; Global Employment Trends 2008. International Labour Organization (ILO), Genéva, 2008.
  • ILO; The End of Child Labour. International Labour Organization (ILO), Genéva 2006.
  • ILO; World Employment Report 2004-2005: Employment, Productivity and Poverty Reduction. International Labour Organization (ILO), Genéva, 2005.
  • ILO; The Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM) The KILM 4th Edt. Executive Summary, International Labour Organization (ILO), Genève 2005.
  • Nanak Kakwani; Yoksulluk Nedir? Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı, Uluslararası Yoksulluk Merkezi (IPC), Sayı 22, Eylül 2006.
  • Meyem Koray; “Sosyal Politikanın Anlamı ve İşlevini Tartışmak,” Çalışma ve Toplum, Sa.15, 2007/4.
  • Uma Kothari; Migration and Chronic Poverty. Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Working Paper, No.16, Manchester, March 2002.
  • Roland Lindenthal; “The Challenge of Social Protection for All: Policy Options for Indonesia”, United Nations Support Facility for Indonesian Recovery (UNSFIR), A joint UNSFIR-ILO Working Paper, Jakarta, November 2004.
  • Catherine Longley, Ian Christoplos, Tom Slaymaker; Agricultural Rehabilitation: Mapping the Linkages Between Humanitarian Relief, Social Protection and Development. The Humanitarian Policy Group HPG Research Report 22, April 2006.
  • Charles Lwanga-Ntale, Kimberley McClean; “The Face of Chronic Poverty in Uganda from the Poor’s Perspective: Constraints and Opportunities” Journal of Human Development. Vol.5, No.2, July 2004, s.177-194.
  • Aasha Kapur Mehta, Amita Shah; “Chronic Poverty in India: Incidence, Causes and Policies” World Development Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.491-511.
  • Neil Mcculloch, Michele Calandrino; “Vulnerability and Chronic Poverty in Rural Sichuan” World Development Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.611-628.
  • Andrew Mckay, David Lawson; “Assessing the Extent and Nature of Chronic Poverty in Low Income Countries: Issues and Evidence” World Development Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.425-439.
  • Diana Mitlin; “Understanding Chronic Poverty in Urban Areas” International Planning Studies, Vol.10, No.1, February 2005, s.3-19.
  • Valentine M. Moghadam “The “Feminization Of Poverty” and Women’s Human Rights” UNESCO, Gender Equality and Development Section, Division of Human Rights, Social and Human Sciences Sector, SHS Papers in Women’s Studies/Gender Research , No.2, July 2005.
  • José Antonio Noguera; “Citizens or Workers? Basic Income vs. Welfare-To- Work Policies,” Rutgers Journal of Law & Urban Policy. Vol.2, Issue 1, Fall 2005, s. 103-124.
  • Siddiqur Rahman Osmani; Exploring the Employment Nexus: Topics in Employment and Poverty. A Report Prepared fort he Task Force on the Joint ILO- UNDP Programme on Employment and Poverty, ILO, Genéva, 2003.
  • Hafiz Pahsa, T. Palanivel; Por-poor Growth and Policies: The Asian Experience. Katmandu, 2004.
  • Faruk Sapancalı; Sosyal Dışlanma. Dokuz Eylül Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İzmir 2005.
  • Sheila Shaver, “Wage Earners or Citizens: Participation and Welfare,” Two Papers on Citizenship and Basic Income (içinde), Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC), SPRC Discussion Paper No.55, April 1995.
  • Peiyun She, Gina A. Livermore; Long-Term Poverty and Disability Among Working-Age Adults. Rehabilitation Research and Training Center for Economic Research on Employment Policy for Persons with Disabilities at Cornell University, Research Report, February 2006.
  • Asep Suryahadi, Sudarno Sumarto; “Poverty and Vulnerability in Indonesia Before and After the Economic Crisis,” Asian Economic Journal, Vol.17, Number 1, March 2003, s.45-64.
  • M. G. Quibria; Growth and Poverty: Lessons from the East Asian Miracle Revisited. ADB Institute Research Paper Series No.33, February 2002.
  • Hasan Ejder Temiz, Küreselleşmenin Sosyal Boyutları ve Türkiye Açısından Etkileri. Birleşik Metal İşçileri Sendikası Yayınları, İzmir, 2004.
  • Meera Tiwari; “Chronic Poverty and Entitlement Theory,” Third World Quarterly. Vol.28, No.1, February 2007, s.171-191.
  • Andries Du Toit; “‘Social Exclusion’ Discourse and Chronic Poverty: A South African Case Study” Development and Change. Vol.35, Issue 5, November 2004, s.987-1010.
  • UN; World Youth Report 2005. United Nations Publication, October 2005.
  • UN; Persistent and Emerging Issues in Rural Poverty Reduction. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 2007.
  • UNDP; Human Development Report Turkey 2008: Youth in Turkey. United Nation Development Porgramme in Turkey, Ankara 2008.
  • UNICEF; Promoting the Rights of Children with Disabilities. Innocenti Digest No.13, The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York 2007.
  • UNICEF; End Child Exploitation: Child Labour Today. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, February 2005.
  • UNICEF; The State of the World’s Children 2006. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York 2005.
  • UNICEF; Dünya Çocuklarının Durumu 2005. Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu (UNICEF), New York, 2005.
  • World Bank; Turkey Joint Poverty Assessment Report. Volume I. Main Report; Report No. 29619-TU, Washington, August 2005.
  • Shahin Yaqub; Relating Severe Poverty and Chronic Poverty. Working Paper No. 7, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department d’Economia Aplicada, Barcelona, 2003.

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 17, 61 - 100, 01.01.2008

Hasan Ejder Temiz

Öz

It is estimated that between 300 million and 420 million people are trapped in chronic, or persistent, poverty. Chronically poor people experience deprivation over many years, often over their entire lives, and sometimes pass poverty on to their children. Many of the chronically poor die prematurely from health problems that are easily preventable. This group experiences deprivation at multiple levels; chronic poverty is typically characterized not only by low income and assets, but also by hunger and undernutrition, illiteracy, the lack of access to basic necessities such as safe drinking water and health services, and social isolation and exploitation. This study consists of three sections. Chronic poverty concept and components are defined in the first section. Justifications and form of the chronic poverty is discussed in the second section. Chronic poverty prevention strategies are examined in the third section.

Anahtar Kelimeler

chronic poverty vulnerability economic growth social policy social protection

Kaynakça

  • Rolf Aaberge, Magne Mogstad “On the Definition and Measurement of Chronic Poverty”, The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Discussion Paper No.2659, March 2007.
  • Sabine Alkire, Choosing Dimension: The Capability Approach and Multidimensional Poverty. Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Working Paper, No.88, Manchester, August 2007.
  • Kevin Bales; Kullanılıp Atılanlar: Küresel Ekonomide Yeni Kölelik. (Çev. Pınar Öğünç) Çitlembik Yayınları, İstanbul 2002.
  • Armando Barrientos; Does Vulnerability Create Poverty Traps?. CPRC Working Paper No.76, Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Manchester, 2007.
  • Armando Barrientos, Andrew Shepherd; “Chronic Poverty and Social Protection” CPRC Conference on Chronic Poverty, University of Manchester, April 2003.
  • Armando Barrientos, David Hulme, Andrew Shepherd; “Can Social Protection Tackle Chronic Poverty?” The European Journal of Development Research, Vol.17, No. 1, March 2005, s.8-23.
  • Martin Biewen, Martin Biewen, Who are the Chronic Poor? Evidence on the Extent and the Composition of Chronic Poverty in Germany. German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Discussion Papers No.350, Berlin, May 2003.
  • Kate Bird, Nicola Pratt; Fracture Points in Social Policies for Chronic Poverty Reduction. Overseas Development Institute, London, October 2004.
  • CPRC; The Chronic Poverty Report 2004–05, Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Manchester, 2006.
  • DFID; Reducing Poverty by Tackling Social Exclusion. The Department for International Development (DFID), London, September 2005.
  • DFID; Eliminating World Poverty Making Governance Work for the Poor. The Department for International Development (DFID), London 2006.
  • EC.; Child Poverty and Well-Being in the EU. European Commission, Luxembourg, 2008.
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; Working poor in the European Union. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2004.
  • Naci Gündoğan; Yoksulluğun Değişen Yüzü Çalışan Yoksullar. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları No.1727, Eskişehir 2007.
  • Arjan de Haan; “Beyond Residual Social Policy in a Development Context,” Globalism and Social Policy Seminar (GASPP), GASPP 7 Seminar, Institute on Globalism and the Human Condition, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, 11-12 September 2004.
  • James Heintz; Globalization, Economic Policy and Employment: Poverty and Gender Implications. Employment Strategy Papers No.2006/3, Geneva, 2006.
  • Sam Hickey, Sarah Bracking; “Exploring the Politics of Chronic Poverty: From Representation to a Politics of Justice?” World Development, Vol.33, No.6, June 2005, s. 851-865.
  • Sam Hickey, Andries du Toit; Adverse Incorporation, Social Exclusion and Chronic Poverty. CPRC Working Paper No.81, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, Manchester, June 2007.
  • Chris Horsell; “Homelessness and Social Exclusion: A Foucauldian Perspective for Social Workers,” Australian Social Work. Vol.59, No.2, June 2006, s.213-225.
  • HM Treasury; Child Poverty Review, London, July 2004.
  • David Hulme; “Chronic Poverty and Development Policy: An Introduction” World Development. Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.399-402.
  • David Hulme, Andrew Shepherd; “Conceptualizing Chronic Poverty,” World Development. Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.403-423.
  • David Hulme, Karen Moore, Andrew Shepherd; “Chronic Poverty: Meanings and Analytical Frameworks,” Chronic Poverty in India. (içinde) Edited by Aasha Kapur Mehta, Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA), New Delhi 2003.
  • ILO; Global Employment Trends 2008. International Labour Organization (ILO), Genéva, 2008.
  • ILO; The End of Child Labour. International Labour Organization (ILO), Genéva 2006.
  • ILO; World Employment Report 2004-2005: Employment, Productivity and Poverty Reduction. International Labour Organization (ILO), Genéva, 2005.
  • ILO; The Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM) The KILM 4th Edt. Executive Summary, International Labour Organization (ILO), Genève 2005.
  • Nanak Kakwani; Yoksulluk Nedir? Birleşmiş Milletler Kalkınma Programı, Uluslararası Yoksulluk Merkezi (IPC), Sayı 22, Eylül 2006.
  • Meyem Koray; “Sosyal Politikanın Anlamı ve İşlevini Tartışmak,” Çalışma ve Toplum, Sa.15, 2007/4.
  • Uma Kothari; Migration and Chronic Poverty. Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC), Working Paper, No.16, Manchester, March 2002.
  • Roland Lindenthal; “The Challenge of Social Protection for All: Policy Options for Indonesia”, United Nations Support Facility for Indonesian Recovery (UNSFIR), A joint UNSFIR-ILO Working Paper, Jakarta, November 2004.
  • Catherine Longley, Ian Christoplos, Tom Slaymaker; Agricultural Rehabilitation: Mapping the Linkages Between Humanitarian Relief, Social Protection and Development. The Humanitarian Policy Group HPG Research Report 22, April 2006.
  • Charles Lwanga-Ntale, Kimberley McClean; “The Face of Chronic Poverty in Uganda from the Poor’s Perspective: Constraints and Opportunities” Journal of Human Development. Vol.5, No.2, July 2004, s.177-194.
  • Aasha Kapur Mehta, Amita Shah; “Chronic Poverty in India: Incidence, Causes and Policies” World Development Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.491-511.
  • Neil Mcculloch, Michele Calandrino; “Vulnerability and Chronic Poverty in Rural Sichuan” World Development Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.611-628.
  • Andrew Mckay, David Lawson; “Assessing the Extent and Nature of Chronic Poverty in Low Income Countries: Issues and Evidence” World Development Vol.31, No.3, March 2003, s.425-439.
  • Diana Mitlin; “Understanding Chronic Poverty in Urban Areas” International Planning Studies, Vol.10, No.1, February 2005, s.3-19.
  • Valentine M. Moghadam “The “Feminization Of Poverty” and Women’s Human Rights” UNESCO, Gender Equality and Development Section, Division of Human Rights, Social and Human Sciences Sector, SHS Papers in Women’s Studies/Gender Research , No.2, July 2005.
  • José Antonio Noguera; “Citizens or Workers? Basic Income vs. Welfare-To- Work Policies,” Rutgers Journal of Law & Urban Policy. Vol.2, Issue 1, Fall 2005, s. 103-124.
  • Siddiqur Rahman Osmani; Exploring the Employment Nexus: Topics in Employment and Poverty. A Report Prepared fort he Task Force on the Joint ILO- UNDP Programme on Employment and Poverty, ILO, Genéva, 2003.
  • Hafiz Pahsa, T. Palanivel; Por-poor Growth and Policies: The Asian Experience. Katmandu, 2004.
  • Faruk Sapancalı; Sosyal Dışlanma. Dokuz Eylül Yayınları, 1. Baskı, İzmir 2005.
  • Sheila Shaver, “Wage Earners or Citizens: Participation and Welfare,” Two Papers on Citizenship and Basic Income (içinde), Social Policy Research Centre (SPRC), SPRC Discussion Paper No.55, April 1995.
  • Peiyun She, Gina A. Livermore; Long-Term Poverty and Disability Among Working-Age Adults. Rehabilitation Research and Training Center for Economic Research on Employment Policy for Persons with Disabilities at Cornell University, Research Report, February 2006.
  • Asep Suryahadi, Sudarno Sumarto; “Poverty and Vulnerability in Indonesia Before and After the Economic Crisis,” Asian Economic Journal, Vol.17, Number 1, March 2003, s.45-64.
  • M. G. Quibria; Growth and Poverty: Lessons from the East Asian Miracle Revisited. ADB Institute Research Paper Series No.33, February 2002.
  • Hasan Ejder Temiz, Küreselleşmenin Sosyal Boyutları ve Türkiye Açısından Etkileri. Birleşik Metal İşçileri Sendikası Yayınları, İzmir, 2004.
  • Meera Tiwari; “Chronic Poverty and Entitlement Theory,” Third World Quarterly. Vol.28, No.1, February 2007, s.171-191.
  • Andries Du Toit; “‘Social Exclusion’ Discourse and Chronic Poverty: A South African Case Study” Development and Change. Vol.35, Issue 5, November 2004, s.987-1010.
  • UN; World Youth Report 2005. United Nations Publication, October 2005.
  • UN; Persistent and Emerging Issues in Rural Poverty Reduction. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, 2007.
  • UNDP; Human Development Report Turkey 2008: Youth in Turkey. United Nation Development Porgramme in Turkey, Ankara 2008.
  • UNICEF; Promoting the Rights of Children with Disabilities. Innocenti Digest No.13, The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York 2007.
  • UNICEF; End Child Exploitation: Child Labour Today. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, February 2005.
  • UNICEF; The State of the World’s Children 2006. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York 2005.
  • UNICEF; Dünya Çocuklarının Durumu 2005. Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuklara Yardım Fonu (UNICEF), New York, 2005.
  • World Bank; Turkey Joint Poverty Assessment Report. Volume I. Main Report; Report No. 29619-TU, Washington, August 2005.
  • Shahin Yaqub; Relating Severe Poverty and Chronic Poverty. Working Paper No. 7, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Department d’Economia Aplicada, Barcelona, 2003.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hasan Ejder Temiz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2008
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Temiz, H. E. (2008). Dünyada Kronik Yoksulluk ve Önleme Stratejileri. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 2(17), 61-100.
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