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The Analysıs Of The Relatıonshıp Between Fırm Sıze And Wage Dıfferentıal In Turkey

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 35, 217 - 232, 01.01.2012

Öz

In this study we analyze the effect of firm size on wage differential and wage dispersion in the context of Turkey’s labor market. Using the individual-level micro data which made by Turkish Statistical Institute in 2002 and 2008, wage differences is determined by Oaxaca – Blinder Decomposition Method. In the analysis, the average wage of workers in large firms was higher than the average wage of workers in small firms. In the analysis period, variance of wages in large firms showed regular decline; while variance of wages in small firms was higher. During the last six years, work force characteristics have become more important in wage differences; the effect of unobservable characteristics of workers decreased. When only firm size is taken into account, the wage structure has been found to converge. In other words, the effect of firm size on wage differences and wage dispersion has decreased during the last six years

Kaynakça

  • Addison, J., Ralph T., Bailey B., and Siebert S. (2009). “Wage Dispersion in a Partially Unionized Labor Force.”, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper no. 4202.
  • Agenor, P.-R., Nabli M. K., Yousef T., and Jensen H. T. (2007). “Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa.” Journal of Policy Modeling 29(2): 277-309.
  • Baslevent, C., and Onaran O. (2004). “The Effect of Export-Oriented Growth on Female Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey.” World Development 2(8): 1375-1393.
  • Belfield, Clive, and Xiangdong Wei. (2004). “Employer Size–Wage Effects: Evidence from Matched Employer–Employee Survey Data in the UK.” Applied Economics 36(3): 185–193.
  • Blinder, A. S. (1973). “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates.” The Journal of Human Resources 8(4): 437–455.
  • Brown, C., and Medoff J. L. (1989). “The Employer Size – Wage Effect.” Journal of Political Economy 97(5): 1027 – 1059.
  • Brunello, G. and Colussi A. (1998). “The Employer Size-Wage Effect: Evidence from Italy.” Labour Economics 5(2): 217-230.
  • Campbell, R. McConnell, Brue S. L., and Macpherson D. A. (1999). Contemporary Labor Economics, Singapur: Irwin/McGraw-Hill Company.
  • Card, D. (2001). “Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems.” Econometrica 69(5): 1127 – 1160.
  • DiNardo, J., Fortin N. M., and Lemieux T. (1996). “Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973 – 1992: A Semiparametric Approach.” Econometrica 64(5): 1001 – 1044.
  • Dunne, T, and James Schmitz A. (1995). “Wages, Employment Structure and Employer Size–Wage Premia: Their Relationship to Advanced-Technology Usage at US Manufacturing Establishments.” Economica 62(245): 89 – 107.
  • Freeman, R. B. (1980). “Unionism and the Dispersion of Wages.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34(1): 3 – 23.
  • Haltiwanger, J. C., Lane J. I., and Spletzer J. R.. (1999). “Productivity Differences across Employers: the Role of Employer Size, Age and Human Capital.” American Economic Review 89(2): 94–98.
  • Hettler, P. (2007). “The Decomposition of Firm – Size Wage Differentials.” Journal of Labor Research 28(3): 477 – 486.
  • Idson, Todd L., and Feaster D. J. (1990). “A Selectivity Model of Employer – Size Wage Differentials.” Journal of Labor Economics 8 (1): 99 – 122.
  • Idson T. L., and Oi W. Y. (1999). “Workers Are More Productive in Large Firms.” American Economic Review 89(2): 104 – 108.
  • Ilkkaracan, I., and Selim R. (2007). “The Gender Wage Gap in The Turkey labor Market”. Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations 21(3): 563 - 593.
  • Juhn, Chinhui, Kevin Murphy, and Brooks Pierce. (1993). “Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill.” Journal of Political Economy 101(3): 410 – 442.
  • Lallemand, T., Plasman R., and Rycx F. (2005). “Establishment Size and the Dispersion of Wages: Evidence from European Countries.” Empirica 34(5): 427-451.
  • Miller, P., and Mulvey C. (1996). “Unions, Firm Size and Wages.” The Economic Record 72 no. 217: 138 – 153.
  • Oaxaca, R. (1973). “Male – Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets.” International Economic Review 14(3): 693 – 709.
  • Onaran, O. (2002). “Measuring Wage Flexibility: The Case of Turkey before and after Structural Adjustment.” Applied Economics 34(6): 767-781.
  • Postel–Vinay, Fabien, and Jean-Marc Robin. (2002). “Equilibrium Wage Dispersion with Worker and Employer Heterogeneity.” Econometrica 70(6): 2295–2350.
  • Rebitzer, J. B., and Taylor L. J.. (1995). “Efficiency Wages and Employment Rents: The Employer – Size Wage Effect in the Job Market for Lawyers.” Journal of Labor Economics 13(4): 678–704.
  • Tansel, A. (2005). “Public-Private Employment Choice, Wage Differentials and Gender in Turkey.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 53(2): 453-477.
  • Tansel, A, and Tasci M. (2004). “Determinants of Unemployment Duration for Men and Women in Turkey.” Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper no. 1258.
  • Tasci, M., and Tansel A. (2005). “Unemployment and Transitions in the Turkish Labor Market: Evidence from Individual Level Data.” Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper no. 1663.
  • Troske, K. R. (1999). “Evidence on the Employer Size-Wage Premium from Manufacturing.” Review of Economics and Statistics 81(1): 15–26.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2002). Household Labor Force Survey. www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2008). Household Labor Force Survey. www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Winter – Ebmer, R. (2001). “Firm Size, Earnings, and Displacement Risk.” Economic Inquiry 39(3): 474 – 486.

Türkiye’de Firma Büyüklüğü ve Ücret Farklılıkları İlişkisinin Analizi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 35, 217 - 232, 01.01.2012

Öz

Bu çalışmada firma büyüklüklerinin, ücret farklılıklarına ve ücret ayrışmasına etkileri Türkiye emek piyasası özelinde ele alınmıştır. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun düzenlemiş olduğu 2002 – 2008 Hane Halkı İşgücü Anketlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Ücret farklılıklarının tespitinde Oaxaca – Blinder Çözümlemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizde, büyük firmalarda çalışanların ortalama ücretlerinin daha yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ele alınan dönemde, büyük firmalarda çalışanların ücret değişkenlikleri düzenli olarak bir azalma gösterirken, küçük firmalarda çalışanların ücret değişkenliği daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Geçen altı yıllık süreçte, ücret farklılıklarında çalışanların karakteristik özellikleri öne çıkarken, çalışanların gözlemlenemeyen özelliklerinin etkisi azalmıştır. Sadece firma büyüklükleri dikkate alındığında, ücret yapılarının yakınsadığı görülmüştür. Diğer bir deyişle, firma büyüklüklerinin ücret farklılıkları ve ayrışmasına etkisi, geçen altı yıllık süreçte, azalmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Addison, J., Ralph T., Bailey B., and Siebert S. (2009). “Wage Dispersion in a Partially Unionized Labor Force.”, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper no. 4202.
  • Agenor, P.-R., Nabli M. K., Yousef T., and Jensen H. T. (2007). “Labor market reforms, growth, and unemployment in labor-exporting countries in the Middle East and North Africa.” Journal of Policy Modeling 29(2): 277-309.
  • Baslevent, C., and Onaran O. (2004). “The Effect of Export-Oriented Growth on Female Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey.” World Development 2(8): 1375-1393.
  • Belfield, Clive, and Xiangdong Wei. (2004). “Employer Size–Wage Effects: Evidence from Matched Employer–Employee Survey Data in the UK.” Applied Economics 36(3): 185–193.
  • Blinder, A. S. (1973). “Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates.” The Journal of Human Resources 8(4): 437–455.
  • Brown, C., and Medoff J. L. (1989). “The Employer Size – Wage Effect.” Journal of Political Economy 97(5): 1027 – 1059.
  • Brunello, G. and Colussi A. (1998). “The Employer Size-Wage Effect: Evidence from Italy.” Labour Economics 5(2): 217-230.
  • Campbell, R. McConnell, Brue S. L., and Macpherson D. A. (1999). Contemporary Labor Economics, Singapur: Irwin/McGraw-Hill Company.
  • Card, D. (2001). “Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems.” Econometrica 69(5): 1127 – 1160.
  • DiNardo, J., Fortin N. M., and Lemieux T. (1996). “Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973 – 1992: A Semiparametric Approach.” Econometrica 64(5): 1001 – 1044.
  • Dunne, T, and James Schmitz A. (1995). “Wages, Employment Structure and Employer Size–Wage Premia: Their Relationship to Advanced-Technology Usage at US Manufacturing Establishments.” Economica 62(245): 89 – 107.
  • Freeman, R. B. (1980). “Unionism and the Dispersion of Wages.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34(1): 3 – 23.
  • Haltiwanger, J. C., Lane J. I., and Spletzer J. R.. (1999). “Productivity Differences across Employers: the Role of Employer Size, Age and Human Capital.” American Economic Review 89(2): 94–98.
  • Hettler, P. (2007). “The Decomposition of Firm – Size Wage Differentials.” Journal of Labor Research 28(3): 477 – 486.
  • Idson, Todd L., and Feaster D. J. (1990). “A Selectivity Model of Employer – Size Wage Differentials.” Journal of Labor Economics 8 (1): 99 – 122.
  • Idson T. L., and Oi W. Y. (1999). “Workers Are More Productive in Large Firms.” American Economic Review 89(2): 104 – 108.
  • Ilkkaracan, I., and Selim R. (2007). “The Gender Wage Gap in The Turkey labor Market”. Review of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations 21(3): 563 - 593.
  • Juhn, Chinhui, Kevin Murphy, and Brooks Pierce. (1993). “Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill.” Journal of Political Economy 101(3): 410 – 442.
  • Lallemand, T., Plasman R., and Rycx F. (2005). “Establishment Size and the Dispersion of Wages: Evidence from European Countries.” Empirica 34(5): 427-451.
  • Miller, P., and Mulvey C. (1996). “Unions, Firm Size and Wages.” The Economic Record 72 no. 217: 138 – 153.
  • Oaxaca, R. (1973). “Male – Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets.” International Economic Review 14(3): 693 – 709.
  • Onaran, O. (2002). “Measuring Wage Flexibility: The Case of Turkey before and after Structural Adjustment.” Applied Economics 34(6): 767-781.
  • Postel–Vinay, Fabien, and Jean-Marc Robin. (2002). “Equilibrium Wage Dispersion with Worker and Employer Heterogeneity.” Econometrica 70(6): 2295–2350.
  • Rebitzer, J. B., and Taylor L. J.. (1995). “Efficiency Wages and Employment Rents: The Employer – Size Wage Effect in the Job Market for Lawyers.” Journal of Labor Economics 13(4): 678–704.
  • Tansel, A. (2005). “Public-Private Employment Choice, Wage Differentials and Gender in Turkey.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 53(2): 453-477.
  • Tansel, A, and Tasci M. (2004). “Determinants of Unemployment Duration for Men and Women in Turkey.” Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper no. 1258.
  • Tasci, M., and Tansel A. (2005). “Unemployment and Transitions in the Turkish Labor Market: Evidence from Individual Level Data.” Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper no. 1663.
  • Troske, K. R. (1999). “Evidence on the Employer Size-Wage Premium from Manufacturing.” Review of Economics and Statistics 81(1): 15–26.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2002). Household Labor Force Survey. www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. (2008). Household Labor Force Survey. www.tuik.gov.tr
  • Winter – Ebmer, R. (2001). “Firm Size, Earnings, and Displacement Risk.” Economic Inquiry 39(3): 474 – 486.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Sayın San Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 35

Kaynak Göster

APA San, S. (2012). Türkiye’de Firma Büyüklüğü ve Ücret Farklılıkları İlişkisinin Analizi. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 4(35), 217-232.
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