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Varlık Vergisinin Uluslararası Yankıları: Müttefik Basını ve Amerikan Diplomatik Yazışmaları Üzerinden Bir Analiz

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 51, 1333 - 1360, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008

Öz

1939 Sonbaharında tüm Avrupa’ya yayılarak başlayan İkinci Dünya Savaşı, Türkiye’nin yalnızca dış politikasını değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik yapısını da derinden etkilemiştir. Türkiye savaşta fiilen taraf olmamakla birlikte, savaşın doğrudan ve dolaylı ekonomik sonuçlarıyla yüzleşmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda, 1942 yılında kabul edilen Varlık Vergisi Kanunu, devletin savaş koşullarında artan mali ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak, enflasyonu kontrol altına almak amacıyla piyasadaki para arzını azaltmak ve savaş döneminde oluşan toplumsal hoşnutsuzluğu gidermek üzere spekülatif kazançlar üzerinden alınan olağanüstü bir mali tedbir olarak yürürlüğe girmiştir.
Bu çalışma, 12 Kasım 1942 ile 15 Mart 1944 tarihleri arasında 16 ay boyunca yürürlükte kalan Varlık Vergisi Kanunu’nun, Amerikan kamuoyunda ve diplomatik çevrelerde nasıl yankı bulduğunu incelemektedir. Araştırmada, ABD Ulusal Arşivleri'nde bulunan yayımlanmamış arşiv belgelerinin ile dönemin Amerikan basınında yer alan haberler birincil kaynaklar olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Çalışmanın temel amacı, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın seyrinin Müttefikler lehine değiştiği dönemde Türkiye üzerindeki dış baskıların Varlık Vergisi uygulamasına nasıl yansıdığını analiz etmektir. Verginin uygulanma biçimine dair Amerikan diplomatik belgelerinde ve gazetelerinde yer alan değerlendirmeler, dönemin uluslararası ilişkileri ile iç politikalarının kesişim noktasında ortaya çıkan siyasi etkileri anlamak açısından önemli veriler sunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • I. Archival Documents
  • National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Memorandum on The Varlık Vergisi or Capital Wealth Tax by Walter L. Wright, Jr”, February 2, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey”, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis Branch, Report no:1903”, May 3, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31. Secret.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1103”, June 22, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1521”, September 6, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:612”, March 23, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara”, April 24, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara, January, 11, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Department of State Washington”, October 18, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “A letter From Secretary State Hull to President of Northern Epirotic Society” , May 12, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • Foreign Relations of United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1943 Volume IV, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1964.
  • TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Session: 6, Volume 28, Meeting: 4, 3rd Transcript, November 11, 1942.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, October 12, 1942, Number:5255.
  • Akar, Rıdvan, Varlık Vergisi Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Karşıtı Politika Örneği. İstanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1992.
  • Aktar, Ayhan, Varlık Vergisi ve Türkleştirme Politikaları. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2000.
  • Aydemir, Şevket Süreyya, İkinci Adam. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1999.
  • Boratav, Korkut, 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Devletçilik. İstanbul:Gerçek Yayınevi, 1974.
  • Deringil, Selim, Denge Oyunu İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası. İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1994.
  • Glasneck, Johannes, Türkiye’de Faşist Alman Propagandası, Translated by. Arif Gelen, Ankara: Onur Yayınları,1970.
  • Güvenilir, O. Murat, 2. Dünya Savaşında Türk Basını. İstanbul:Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Yayınları, 1991.
  • İnönü, İsmet, İnönü’nün Söylev ve Demeçleri I. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1946.
  • Okutan, M. Çağatay, Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Politikaları. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2004.
  • Ökte, Faik, Varlık Vergisi Faciası. İstanbul: NebioğluYayınevi, 1951.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., The Jews of The Otoman Empire and Turkish Republic. New York: New York University Pres, 1991.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., Turkey and The Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan. New York: New York University Pres, 1993.
  • Timur, Taner, Türk Devrimi ve Sonrası. Ankara: Doğan Yayınları,1971.
  • Yalman, Ahmet Emin, Yakın Tarihte Gördüklerim Geçirdiklerim. İstanbul: Yenilik Basımevi, 1970.
  • “Britain Will Take All Excess Profit”, The New York Times, May 30, 1940.
  • “Soviets Taxes Childless Persons”, The New York Times, November 25, 1941.
  • “Germany’s Taxes Multipied By War”, The New York Times, January 2, 1942.
  • “Tax Day Poses Larger Task Than Ever Before” The New York Times, March 15, 1942.
  • “Chinese Are Crushed With Japanese Tax”, The New York Times, July 23,1942.
  • “Building The New Turkey”, The Times, January 16, 1943.
  • “Australia Increases Income Tax by %30”, The New York Times, February 13,1943.
  • “War Profits the Main Goal”, The Times, December 5, 1942.
  • “Rigid Application of New Law”, The Times, December 22, 1942.
  • “Turkey To Release Tax Defaulters”, The Times, December 3, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Turkey Is Uneasy Over Capital Levy.” The New York Times, September 9, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Premier Defends New Turkish Tax.” The New York Times, September 10, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “ Turkish Tax Kills Foreign Business.” The New York Times, September 11, 1943.
  • “Turkish Action Condemned”, The New York Times, September 28, 1943.
  • Ata, Ferudun, “Varlık Vergisinin Amerikan Kamuoyuna Yansıması (New York Times Gazetesi Örneğine Göre).” Tarihin Peşinde, 11 (2014):63-78, https://www.tarihinpesinde.com/dergimiz/nisan2014/M11_04. pdf.
  • Coşkun, Yasin, “Varlık Vergisi’ne Gösterilen Uluslararası Tepkilere Bir Örnek: ABD’nin Varlık Vergisi’ne Yaklaşımı.” Recent Period Turkish Studies, 36 (2019): 65-82. doi:10.26650/YTA2019-606758.
  • Edward, C. Clark, “The Turkish Varlik Vergisi Reconsidered.” Middle Eastern Studies 8, 2 (1972): 205–216.
  • Tosun, Ulvi Ufuk, “Gazeteci Feridun Kandemir’in Aşkale Gözlemleri.” Anasay 22, (2022): 363–372.

International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 51, 1333 - 1360, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008

Öz

The Second World War, which spread across Europe in the autumn of 1939, deeply affected not only Turkey’s foreign policy but also its economic structure. Although Turkey did not participate in the war militarily, it faced both the direct and indirect economic consequences of the conflict. In this context, the Capital Levy Law, enacted in 1942, was introduced as an extraordinary financial measure to meet the state's increasing fiscal needs, control inflation by reducing the money supply, and address public discontent by taxing speculative wartime profits.
This study examines how the Capital Levy Law, in effect for sixteen months between November 12, 1942, and March 15, 1944, was perceived in American public opinion and diplomatic circles. It draws primarily on unpublished archival documents from the U.S. National Archives and contemporary reports from the American press.
The main objective of this research is to analyze how external pressures on Turkey, during a period when the course of the Second World War was turning in favor of the Allies, influenced the implementation of the Capital Levy. Evaluations in American diplomatic documents and newspapers offer important insights into the political effects emerging at the intersection of Turkey’s international relations and domestic policies.

Kaynakça

  • I. Archival Documents
  • National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Memorandum on The Varlık Vergisi or Capital Wealth Tax by Walter L. Wright, Jr”, February 2, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey”, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis Branch, Report no:1903”, May 3, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31. Secret.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1103”, June 22, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1521”, September 6, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:612”, March 23, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara”, April 24, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara, January, 11, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Department of State Washington”, October 18, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “A letter From Secretary State Hull to President of Northern Epirotic Society” , May 12, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • Foreign Relations of United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1943 Volume IV, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1964.
  • TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Session: 6, Volume 28, Meeting: 4, 3rd Transcript, November 11, 1942.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, October 12, 1942, Number:5255.
  • Akar, Rıdvan, Varlık Vergisi Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Karşıtı Politika Örneği. İstanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1992.
  • Aktar, Ayhan, Varlık Vergisi ve Türkleştirme Politikaları. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2000.
  • Aydemir, Şevket Süreyya, İkinci Adam. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1999.
  • Boratav, Korkut, 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Devletçilik. İstanbul:Gerçek Yayınevi, 1974.
  • Deringil, Selim, Denge Oyunu İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası. İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1994.
  • Glasneck, Johannes, Türkiye’de Faşist Alman Propagandası, Translated by. Arif Gelen, Ankara: Onur Yayınları,1970.
  • Güvenilir, O. Murat, 2. Dünya Savaşında Türk Basını. İstanbul:Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Yayınları, 1991.
  • İnönü, İsmet, İnönü’nün Söylev ve Demeçleri I. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1946.
  • Okutan, M. Çağatay, Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Politikaları. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2004.
  • Ökte, Faik, Varlık Vergisi Faciası. İstanbul: NebioğluYayınevi, 1951.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., The Jews of The Otoman Empire and Turkish Republic. New York: New York University Pres, 1991.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., Turkey and The Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan. New York: New York University Pres, 1993.
  • Timur, Taner, Türk Devrimi ve Sonrası. Ankara: Doğan Yayınları,1971.
  • Yalman, Ahmet Emin, Yakın Tarihte Gördüklerim Geçirdiklerim. İstanbul: Yenilik Basımevi, 1970.
  • “Britain Will Take All Excess Profit”, The New York Times, May 30, 1940.
  • “Soviets Taxes Childless Persons”, The New York Times, November 25, 1941.
  • “Germany’s Taxes Multipied By War”, The New York Times, January 2, 1942.
  • “Tax Day Poses Larger Task Than Ever Before” The New York Times, March 15, 1942.
  • “Chinese Are Crushed With Japanese Tax”, The New York Times, July 23,1942.
  • “Building The New Turkey”, The Times, January 16, 1943.
  • “Australia Increases Income Tax by %30”, The New York Times, February 13,1943.
  • “War Profits the Main Goal”, The Times, December 5, 1942.
  • “Rigid Application of New Law”, The Times, December 22, 1942.
  • “Turkey To Release Tax Defaulters”, The Times, December 3, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Turkey Is Uneasy Over Capital Levy.” The New York Times, September 9, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Premier Defends New Turkish Tax.” The New York Times, September 10, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “ Turkish Tax Kills Foreign Business.” The New York Times, September 11, 1943.
  • “Turkish Action Condemned”, The New York Times, September 28, 1943.
  • Ata, Ferudun, “Varlık Vergisinin Amerikan Kamuoyuna Yansıması (New York Times Gazetesi Örneğine Göre).” Tarihin Peşinde, 11 (2014):63-78, https://www.tarihinpesinde.com/dergimiz/nisan2014/M11_04. pdf.
  • Coşkun, Yasin, “Varlık Vergisi’ne Gösterilen Uluslararası Tepkilere Bir Örnek: ABD’nin Varlık Vergisi’ne Yaklaşımı.” Recent Period Turkish Studies, 36 (2019): 65-82. doi:10.26650/YTA2019-606758.
  • Edward, C. Clark, “The Turkish Varlik Vergisi Reconsidered.” Middle Eastern Studies 8, 2 (1972): 205–216.
  • Tosun, Ulvi Ufuk, “Gazeteci Feridun Kandemir’in Aşkale Gözlemleri.” Anasay 22, (2022): 363–372.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 51, 1333 - 1360, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008

Öz

Kaynakça

  • I. Archival Documents
  • National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Memorandum on The Varlık Vergisi or Capital Wealth Tax by Walter L. Wright, Jr”, February 2, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey”, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis Branch, Report no:1903”, May 3, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31. Secret.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1103”, June 22, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1521”, September 6, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:612”, March 23, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara”, April 24, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara, January, 11, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Department of State Washington”, October 18, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “A letter From Secretary State Hull to President of Northern Epirotic Society” , May 12, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • Foreign Relations of United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1943 Volume IV, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1964.
  • TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Session: 6, Volume 28, Meeting: 4, 3rd Transcript, November 11, 1942.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, October 12, 1942, Number:5255.
  • Akar, Rıdvan, Varlık Vergisi Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Karşıtı Politika Örneği. İstanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1992.
  • Aktar, Ayhan, Varlık Vergisi ve Türkleştirme Politikaları. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2000.
  • Aydemir, Şevket Süreyya, İkinci Adam. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1999.
  • Boratav, Korkut, 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Devletçilik. İstanbul:Gerçek Yayınevi, 1974.
  • Deringil, Selim, Denge Oyunu İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası. İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1994.
  • Glasneck, Johannes, Türkiye’de Faşist Alman Propagandası, Translated by. Arif Gelen, Ankara: Onur Yayınları,1970.
  • Güvenilir, O. Murat, 2. Dünya Savaşında Türk Basını. İstanbul:Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Yayınları, 1991.
  • İnönü, İsmet, İnönü’nün Söylev ve Demeçleri I. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1946.
  • Okutan, M. Çağatay, Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Politikaları. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2004.
  • Ökte, Faik, Varlık Vergisi Faciası. İstanbul: NebioğluYayınevi, 1951.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., The Jews of The Otoman Empire and Turkish Republic. New York: New York University Pres, 1991.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., Turkey and The Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan. New York: New York University Pres, 1993.
  • Timur, Taner, Türk Devrimi ve Sonrası. Ankara: Doğan Yayınları,1971.
  • Yalman, Ahmet Emin, Yakın Tarihte Gördüklerim Geçirdiklerim. İstanbul: Yenilik Basımevi, 1970.
  • “Britain Will Take All Excess Profit”, The New York Times, May 30, 1940.
  • “Soviets Taxes Childless Persons”, The New York Times, November 25, 1941.
  • “Germany’s Taxes Multipied By War”, The New York Times, January 2, 1942.
  • “Tax Day Poses Larger Task Than Ever Before” The New York Times, March 15, 1942.
  • “Chinese Are Crushed With Japanese Tax”, The New York Times, July 23,1942.
  • “Building The New Turkey”, The Times, January 16, 1943.
  • “Australia Increases Income Tax by %30”, The New York Times, February 13,1943.
  • “War Profits the Main Goal”, The Times, December 5, 1942.
  • “Rigid Application of New Law”, The Times, December 22, 1942.
  • “Turkey To Release Tax Defaulters”, The Times, December 3, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Turkey Is Uneasy Over Capital Levy.” The New York Times, September 9, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Premier Defends New Turkish Tax.” The New York Times, September 10, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “ Turkish Tax Kills Foreign Business.” The New York Times, September 11, 1943.
  • “Turkish Action Condemned”, The New York Times, September 28, 1943.
  • Ata, Ferudun, “Varlık Vergisinin Amerikan Kamuoyuna Yansıması (New York Times Gazetesi Örneğine Göre).” Tarihin Peşinde, 11 (2014):63-78, https://www.tarihinpesinde.com/dergimiz/nisan2014/M11_04. pdf.
  • Coşkun, Yasin, “Varlık Vergisi’ne Gösterilen Uluslararası Tepkilere Bir Örnek: ABD’nin Varlık Vergisi’ne Yaklaşımı.” Recent Period Turkish Studies, 36 (2019): 65-82. doi:10.26650/YTA2019-606758.
  • Edward, C. Clark, “The Turkish Varlik Vergisi Reconsidered.” Middle Eastern Studies 8, 2 (1972): 205–216.
  • Tosun, Ulvi Ufuk, “Gazeteci Feridun Kandemir’in Aşkale Gözlemleri.” Anasay 22, (2022): 363–372.

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 51, 1333 - 1360, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008

Öz

Kaynakça

  • I. Archival Documents
  • National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Memorandum on The Varlık Vergisi or Capital Wealth Tax by Walter L. Wright, Jr”, February 2, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey”, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis Branch, Report no:1903”, May 3, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31. Secret.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1103”, June 22, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1521”, September 6, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:612”, March 23, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara”, April 24, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara, January, 11, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Department of State Washington”, October 18, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “A letter From Secretary State Hull to President of Northern Epirotic Society” , May 12, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  • Foreign Relations of United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1943 Volume IV, Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1964.
  • TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, Session: 6, Volume 28, Meeting: 4, 3rd Transcript, November 11, 1942.
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete, October 12, 1942, Number:5255.
  • Akar, Rıdvan, Varlık Vergisi Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Karşıtı Politika Örneği. İstanbul: Belge Yayınları, 1992.
  • Aktar, Ayhan, Varlık Vergisi ve Türkleştirme Politikaları. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2000.
  • Aydemir, Şevket Süreyya, İkinci Adam. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1999.
  • Boratav, Korkut, 100 Soruda Türkiye’de Devletçilik. İstanbul:Gerçek Yayınevi, 1974.
  • Deringil, Selim, Denge Oyunu İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Türkiye’nin Dış Politikası. İstanbul:Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1994.
  • Glasneck, Johannes, Türkiye’de Faşist Alman Propagandası, Translated by. Arif Gelen, Ankara: Onur Yayınları,1970.
  • Güvenilir, O. Murat, 2. Dünya Savaşında Türk Basını. İstanbul:Gazeteciler Cemiyeti Yayınları, 1991.
  • İnönü, İsmet, İnönü’nün Söylev ve Demeçleri I. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi, 1946.
  • Okutan, M. Çağatay, Tek Parti Döneminde Azınlık Politikaları. İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2004.
  • Ökte, Faik, Varlık Vergisi Faciası. İstanbul: NebioğluYayınevi, 1951.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., The Jews of The Otoman Empire and Turkish Republic. New York: New York University Pres, 1991.
  • Shaw, Stanford J., Turkey and The Holocaust, Palgrave Macmillan. New York: New York University Pres, 1993.
  • Timur, Taner, Türk Devrimi ve Sonrası. Ankara: Doğan Yayınları,1971.
  • Yalman, Ahmet Emin, Yakın Tarihte Gördüklerim Geçirdiklerim. İstanbul: Yenilik Basımevi, 1970.
  • “Britain Will Take All Excess Profit”, The New York Times, May 30, 1940.
  • “Soviets Taxes Childless Persons”, The New York Times, November 25, 1941.
  • “Germany’s Taxes Multipied By War”, The New York Times, January 2, 1942.
  • “Tax Day Poses Larger Task Than Ever Before” The New York Times, March 15, 1942.
  • “Chinese Are Crushed With Japanese Tax”, The New York Times, July 23,1942.
  • “Building The New Turkey”, The Times, January 16, 1943.
  • “Australia Increases Income Tax by %30”, The New York Times, February 13,1943.
  • “War Profits the Main Goal”, The Times, December 5, 1942.
  • “Rigid Application of New Law”, The Times, December 22, 1942.
  • “Turkey To Release Tax Defaulters”, The Times, December 3, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Turkey Is Uneasy Over Capital Levy.” The New York Times, September 9, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “Premier Defends New Turkish Tax.” The New York Times, September 10, 1943.
  • Sulzberger, Cyrus Leo. “ Turkish Tax Kills Foreign Business.” The New York Times, September 11, 1943.
  • “Turkish Action Condemned”, The New York Times, September 28, 1943.
  • Ata, Ferudun, “Varlık Vergisinin Amerikan Kamuoyuna Yansıması (New York Times Gazetesi Örneğine Göre).” Tarihin Peşinde, 11 (2014):63-78, https://www.tarihinpesinde.com/dergimiz/nisan2014/M11_04. pdf.
  • Coşkun, Yasin, “Varlık Vergisi’ne Gösterilen Uluslararası Tepkilere Bir Örnek: ABD’nin Varlık Vergisi’ne Yaklaşımı.” Recent Period Turkish Studies, 36 (2019): 65-82. doi:10.26650/YTA2019-606758.
  • Edward, C. Clark, “The Turkish Varlik Vergisi Reconsidered.” Middle Eastern Studies 8, 2 (1972): 205–216.
  • Tosun, Ulvi Ufuk, “Gazeteci Feridun Kandemir’in Aşkale Gözlemleri.” Anasay 22, (2022): 363–372.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Murat Özata 0000-0003-0099-0297

Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 17 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 51

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Özata, Murat. “International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 25, sy. 51 (Aralık 2025): 1333-60. https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008.