Research Article

International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence

Volume: 25 Number: 51 December 30, 2025
TR EN

International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence

Abstract

The Second World War, which spread across Europe in the autumn of 1939, deeply affected not only Turkey’s foreign policy but also its economic structure. Although Turkey did not participate in the war militarily, it faced both the direct and indirect economic consequences of the conflict. In this context, the Capital Levy Law, enacted in 1942, was introduced as an extraordinary financial measure to meet the state's increasing fiscal needs, control inflation by reducing the money supply, and address public discontent by taxing speculative wartime profits. This study examines how the Capital Levy Law, in effect for sixteen months between November 12, 1942, and March 15, 1944, was perceived in American public opinion and diplomatic circles. It draws primarily on unpublished archival documents from the U.S. National Archives and contemporary reports from the American press. The main objective of this research is to analyze how external pressures on Turkey, during a period when the course of the Second World War was turning in favor of the Allies, influenced the implementation of the Capital Levy. Evaluations in American diplomatic documents and newspapers offer important insights into the political effects emerging at the intersection of Turkey’s international relations and domestic policies.

Keywords

References

  1. I. Archival Documents
  2. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Memorandum on The Varlık Vergisi or Capital Wealth Tax by Walter L. Wright, Jr”, February 2, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  3. NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey”, Office of Strategic Services Research and Analysis Branch, Report no:1903”, May 3, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31. Secret.
  4. NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1103”, June 22, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  5. NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:1521”, September 6, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.Strictly Confidential.
  6. NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From American Embassy Ankara to Secretary of State, Washington, N:612”, March 23, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  7. NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, “Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara”, April 24, 1944, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.
  8. NARA, Record Group (RG) 59, Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Turkey, 1930-1944, Telegram From Department of State Washington to American Embassy Ankara, January, 11, 1943, Microfilm M 1224, Roll 31.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

History of The Republic of Turkiye

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

April 28, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 25 Number: 51

APA
Özata, M. (2025). International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25(51), 1333-1360. https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008
AMA
1.Özata M. International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;25(51):1333-1360. doi:10.18244/cttad.1686008
Chicago
Özata, Murat. 2025. “International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 25 (51): 1333-60. https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008.
EndNote
Özata M (December 1, 2025) International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 25 51 1333–1360.
IEEE
[1]M. Özata, “International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 51, pp. 1333–1360, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.18244/cttad.1686008.
ISNAD
Özata, Murat. “International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 25/51 (December 1, 2025): 1333-1360. https://doi.org/10.18244/cttad.1686008.
JAMA
1.Özata M. International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025;25:1333–1360.
MLA
Özata, Murat. “International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 51, Dec. 2025, pp. 1333-60, doi:10.18244/cttad.1686008.
Vancouver
1.Murat Özata. International Repercussions of the Capital Levy: An Analysis Through Allied Press and American Diplomatic Correspondence. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2025 Dec. 1;25(51):1333-60. doi:10.18244/cttad.1686008