BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Effect of Explicit Teaching and Implicit Learning of Concept and Generalization Structure on The Acquisition of Explicit Knowledge of Concept and Generalization Structure

Yıl 2014, , 19 - 38, 09.03.2014
https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.2014.002

Öz

The general purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of explicit teaching and implicit learning of the concept and generalization structure on the acquisition of explicit knowledge regarding concept and generalization structure in the Learning-Teaching Theories and Approaches course instructed in the non-thesis master’s program of the Secondary Education Teaching Department in Educational Sciences. The study was conducted as a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design with 97 students in two experimental and two control groups. The data was analysed using means, standard deviations, adjusted means, chi-square analysis, one-way Anova, covariance (Ancova) and Bonferroni analysis. Results indicate that when compared to implicit learning, the explicit teaching provided to the first experimental group was found to be effective in the acquisition of explicit knowledge regarding concept and generalization structure, increasing the perceived confidence rating about the accuracy of responses, and providing successful learning. However, it is recommended that students should be exposed to a wide number of correct examples and to frequently have applied the practices with a view to making the gained explicit knowledge usable in a specific context.

Kaynakça

  • Amado, S. (1996). Farklı dikkat düzeylerinin örtük ve açık bellek üzerindeki etkileri.[The effects of different levels of attention on implicit and explicit memory]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ege University, İzmir.
  • Antony, S., & Santhanam, R. (2007). Could the use of a knowledge-based system lead to implicit learning. Decision Support Systems, 43, 141-151.
  • Berry, D. C., & Broadbent, D. E. (1988). Interactive task and the implicit–explicit distinction. British Journal of Psychology, 79, 251-272.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (1998). Kovaryans analizi (varyans analizi ile karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 91-105.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2001). Deneysel desenler (1st ed.). Ankara: Pegema Yayınları.
  • Carnine, D. (1994). Introduction to the mini-series: Diverse learners and prevailing, emerging, and research-based educational approaches and their tools. School Psychology Review, 23(3), 341-350.
  • Clariana, R. B. (2003). The effectiveness of constructed-response and multiple-choice study tasks in computer aided learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 28(4), 395-406.
  • Clariana, R. B., & Lee, D. (2001). The effects of recognition and recall study tasks with feedback in a computer based vocabulary lesson. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), 23-36.
  • Cleeremans, A., Destrebecqz, A., & Boyer, M. (1998). Implicit learning: News from the front. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(10), 406-415.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Coşkun, M. (1999). Ögeleri belirleme kuramına dayalı kavram öğretiminin akademik başarı ve kalıcılığa etkisi. [The effect of concept teaching based on component display theory on academic achievement and retention of learning]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Davou, M. (2002). Unconscious processes influencing learning. Pyschodynamic Practice, 8(3), 277-294.
  • Dean, D., & Kuhn, D. (2007). Direct instruction vs. discovery: The long view. Science Education, 91, 384–397.
  • Debbağ-Ergin, D. (2008). İngilizcenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi bağlamında ortaöğretim 10. sınıf öğrencilerinin rastlantısal ve öğretim yoluyla sözcük öğrenme süreçlerine ilişkin bir uygulama. [A case study on incidental and instructional vocabulary learning of 10th grade EFL learners]. Unpublished master's thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Destrebecqz, A., & Peigneux, P. (2005). Methods for studying unconscious learning. In S. Laureys (Ed.), the boundaries of consciousness: Neurobiology and neuropathology. Progress in brain research, (pp.69-80). France.
  • Dienes, Z., & Altmann, G. (1997). Transfer of implicit knowledge across domains: How implicit and how abstract? In D. Berry (Ed.), how implicit is implicit learning? (pp. 107-123). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Doğanay, A. (2003). Öğretimde kavram ve genellemelerin geliştirilmesi, (2nd ed.). In C. Öztürk & D. Dilek (Eds.), Hayat bilgisi ve sosyal bilgiler öğretimi (pp.227-225). Ankara: Pegema Yayınları.
  • Domjan, M. (2004). Koşullama ve öğrenmenin temelleri (1st ed.). (H. Çetinkaya, Çev.) Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları no:28.
  • Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Allyn &Bacon.
  • Eggen, P. D., & Kauchak, D. P. (2007). Learning and teaching research–based methods (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Allyn &Bacon.
  • Ehrenberg, S. S. (1991). Concept development (Rev. ed.). In A. Costa (Ed.), Developing minds. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Ellis, R. (2005). Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 141-172.
  • Erickson, H. L. (1995). Stirring the head, heart and soul: Redefining curriculum and instruction. California: Corwin Press.
  • Frensch, P. A. (1998). One concept multiple meanings. In M. A. Stadler, & P. A. Frensch (Eds.), Handbook of implicit learning, (pp. 47-104). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Frick, R.W., & Lee, Y. S. (1995). Implicit learning and concept learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 48(3), 762-782.
  • Frieman, J. (2002). Learning and adaptive behavior. Wadsworth: Thomson Learning.
  • Gagne, R. M., Wager, W.W., Golas, K.C., & Keller, J.M. (2005). Principles of instructional design (5th ed.). Wadsworth: Thomson Learning.
  • Gasparini, S. (2004). Implicit versus explicit learning: Some implications for l2 teaching. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 19 (2), 203–219.
  • Gould, J.L., & Gould, C.G. (2005). Hayvan zihni (4th ed.). (D. Yurtören, Trans.). Ankara: Tübitak Yayınları, 142.
  • Hovardaoğlu, S. (2007). Davranış bilimleri için araştırma teknikleri (2nd ed.). Ankara: Hatiboğlu Yayınları.
  • Kang, S. H. K., McDermott, K.B., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,19(4), 528-558.
  • Karadağlı, İ. (2009). The impact of the task-based instruction on the students’ vocabulary learning in an English as a Foreign Language context. [Görev temelli öğretim yönteminin İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen öğrencilerin sözcük öğrenimine etkisi. Unpublished master's thesis, Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Karasar, N. (1995). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (7th ed.). Ankara: 3A Araştırma Eğitim Danışmanlık.
  • Kirkhart, M. W. (2001). The nature of declarative and nondeclarative knowledge for implicit and explicit learning. The Journal of General Psychology, 128(4), 447-461.
  • Klahr, D., & Nigam, M. (2004). The equivalence of learning paths in early science instruction; effects of direct instruction and discovery learning. Psychological Science, 15, 661-667.
  • Klausmeier, H. J. (1992). Concept learning and concept teaching. Educational Psychologist, 27(3), 267-286.
  • Magliaro, S. G., Lockee, B. B., & Burton, J. K. (2005). Direct instruction revisited: A key model for instructional technology. ETR&D, 53(4), 41–55.
  • Martorella, P. H. (1986). Teaching concepts (3rd ed.). In J. M. Cooper (Ed.), Classroom teaching skill (pp.182-223). Lexington, Mass: D.C. Health & Co.
  • Martorella, P. H. (1998). Social studies for elementary school children developing young citizens (2nd ed.).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Marzano, R.J., Brandt, R.S., Hughes, C.S., Jones, B.F., Presseisen, B.Z., Rankin, S.C., & Suhor, C. (1988). Dimensions of thinking: A framework for curriculum and instruction. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Mathews, R.C., Buss, R.R., Chinn, R., & Stanley, W. B. (1988). The role of explicit and implicit learning processes in concept discovery. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 40(1), 135-165.
  • Mathews, R. C., Buss, R. R., Stanley,W. B., Blanchard-Fields, F., Cho, J. R., & Druhan, B. (1989). Role of implicit and explicit processes in learning from examples: A synergistic effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 15(6), 1083-1100.
  • Mathews, R.C., Roussel, L.G., Cochran, B.P., Cook, A. E., & Dunaway, D. L. (2000). The role of implicit learning in the acquisition of generative knowledge. In V. Honavar, (Action Ed.). Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, 1, 161-174.
  • McCleery, J. A. (2000). Effects of explicit instruction and concept focus on student declarative content knowledge and problem solving skills. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(09), 137. (PQDT No: AAT 9987238).
  • McCleery, J.A., & Tindal, G.A. (1999). Teaching the scientific method to at-risk students and students with learning disabilities through concept anchoring and explicit instruction. Remedial and Special Education, 20(1), 7-18.
  • Merrill, M. D. (1983). Component display theory. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models (pp. 279-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Michaelis, J.U., & Garcia, S. (1996). Social studies for children: A guide to basic instruction (11th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Neuweg, G. H. (2004). Tacit knowing and implicit learning. In M. B. Fischer & N. Nicholas (Eds.), European perspectives on learning at work: The acquisition of work process knowledge. Cedefob Reference Series Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications for the European Communities.
  • Nokes, T.J., & Ohlsson, S. (2001). How is abstract generative knowledge acquired? In J. D. Moore & K. Stenning (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 710–715). Mahaw, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Ormrod, J.E. (2008). Human learning (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice-Hall.
  • Overskeid, G. (1995). Cognitivist or behaviourist- who can tell the difference? The case of implicit and explicit knowledge. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 517-522.
  • Özcan-Bayram, D. (2009). A comparison of the effects of explicit and implicit vocabulary teaching on students’ vocabulary learning and retention levels through reading texts. [Okuma parçaları ile bilinçli ve dolaylı kelime öğretiminin öğrencilerin kelime öğrenme ve öğrenmenin kalıcılığı üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması]. Unpublished master's thesis, Muğla Üniversitesi, Muğla.
  • Özlem, D. (1996). Felsefe ve doğa bilimleri (2nd ed.). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Özlem, D. (2003). Bilim felsefesi (ders notları). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Özlem, D. (2004). Mantık (7th ed). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Pacton, S., Perruchet, P., Fayol, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2001). Implicit learning out of the lab: The case orthographic regularities. Journal of Experimental Pyschology: General, 130(3), 401-426.
  • Reber, A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Robinson, P. (1997). Generalizability and automaticity of second language learning under implicit, incidental, enhanced, and instructed conditions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(2), 223-227.
  • Sætrevik, B., Reber, R., & Sannum, P. (2006). The utility of implicit learning in the teaching of rules. Learning and Instruction, 16(4), 363-373.
  • Sandberg, K., Timmermans, B., Overgaard, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2010). Measuring consciousness: Is one measure better than the other? Consciousness and Cognition. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2009.12.013.
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Gelişim, öğrenme ve öğretim. Ankara: Gönül Yayıncılık.
  • Shanks, D. R. (2005). Implicit learning. In K. Lamberts, & R. Goldstone (Eds.), handbook of cognition (pp. 202–220). London: Sage Publications.
  • Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994). Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17 (3), 367-447.
  • Ströker, E. (2005). Bilim kuramına giriş (D. Özlem, Çev.) İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Sunal, D.W., & Sunal, C.S. (2003). Science in the elementary and middle school. Columbus, OH: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Şimşek, A. (2006). Kavramların öğretimi. In A. Şimşek (Ed.), İçerik türlerine dayalı öğretim (pp. 27-70). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Tatar, A. (1998). Kısa süreli bellekte özenli tekrar sürecinin açık ve örtük belleğe etkisi. [Effects of short term rehearsal on explicit and implicit memories]. Unpublished master's thesis, Ege University, İzmir.
  • Tavat, B. (1991). Örtük ve açık yönerge, kodlama ve sunum türünün yeni çağrışımlar kurmaya etkisi. Unpublished master's thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Tee, M. Y. (2005). Sharing and cultivating tacit knowledge in an e-learning environment: A naturalistic study. Dissertation Abstracts International, 66(08), 223 (PQDT.No: 3185234).
  • Tennyson, R.D., & Cocchiarella, M.J. (1986). An empirically based instructional design theory for teaching concepts. Review of Educational Research, 56(1), 40-71.
  • Türk, E. (2007). Effects of the presentation mode of multimedia annotations on l2 reading comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning. [Multimedya açıklayıcı notlarının sunu modunun ikinci dilde okuduğunu anlama ve rastlantısal kelime öğrenme üzerine etkileri]. Unpublished master's thesis, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul.
  • Ziori, E., & Dienes, Z. (2006). Subjective measures of unconscious knowledge of concepts. Mind & Society. 5, 105-122.
  • Ziori, E., & Dienes, Z. (2008). How does prior knowledge affect implicit and explicit concept learning? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(4), 601-624.
  • Zohar, A., & David, A.B. (2008). Explicit teaching of meta-strategic knowledge in authentic classroom situations. Metacognition and Learning, 3(1), 59-82.
Yıl 2014, , 19 - 38, 09.03.2014
https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.2014.002

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Amado, S. (1996). Farklı dikkat düzeylerinin örtük ve açık bellek üzerindeki etkileri.[The effects of different levels of attention on implicit and explicit memory]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ege University, İzmir.
  • Antony, S., & Santhanam, R. (2007). Could the use of a knowledge-based system lead to implicit learning. Decision Support Systems, 43, 141-151.
  • Berry, D. C., & Broadbent, D. E. (1988). Interactive task and the implicit–explicit distinction. British Journal of Psychology, 79, 251-272.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (1998). Kovaryans analizi (varyans analizi ile karşılaştırmalı bir inceleme. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 91-105.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2001). Deneysel desenler (1st ed.). Ankara: Pegema Yayınları.
  • Carnine, D. (1994). Introduction to the mini-series: Diverse learners and prevailing, emerging, and research-based educational approaches and their tools. School Psychology Review, 23(3), 341-350.
  • Clariana, R. B. (2003). The effectiveness of constructed-response and multiple-choice study tasks in computer aided learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 28(4), 395-406.
  • Clariana, R. B., & Lee, D. (2001). The effects of recognition and recall study tasks with feedback in a computer based vocabulary lesson. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), 23-36.
  • Cleeremans, A., Destrebecqz, A., & Boyer, M. (1998). Implicit learning: News from the front. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2(10), 406-415.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). New York: Routledge.
  • Coşkun, M. (1999). Ögeleri belirleme kuramına dayalı kavram öğretiminin akademik başarı ve kalıcılığa etkisi. [The effect of concept teaching based on component display theory on academic achievement and retention of learning]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Çukurova University, Adana.
  • Davou, M. (2002). Unconscious processes influencing learning. Pyschodynamic Practice, 8(3), 277-294.
  • Dean, D., & Kuhn, D. (2007). Direct instruction vs. discovery: The long view. Science Education, 91, 384–397.
  • Debbağ-Ergin, D. (2008). İngilizcenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi bağlamında ortaöğretim 10. sınıf öğrencilerinin rastlantısal ve öğretim yoluyla sözcük öğrenme süreçlerine ilişkin bir uygulama. [A case study on incidental and instructional vocabulary learning of 10th grade EFL learners]. Unpublished master's thesis, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Destrebecqz, A., & Peigneux, P. (2005). Methods for studying unconscious learning. In S. Laureys (Ed.), the boundaries of consciousness: Neurobiology and neuropathology. Progress in brain research, (pp.69-80). France.
  • Dienes, Z., & Altmann, G. (1997). Transfer of implicit knowledge across domains: How implicit and how abstract? In D. Berry (Ed.), how implicit is implicit learning? (pp. 107-123). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Doğanay, A. (2003). Öğretimde kavram ve genellemelerin geliştirilmesi, (2nd ed.). In C. Öztürk & D. Dilek (Eds.), Hayat bilgisi ve sosyal bilgiler öğretimi (pp.227-225). Ankara: Pegema Yayınları.
  • Domjan, M. (2004). Koşullama ve öğrenmenin temelleri (1st ed.). (H. Çetinkaya, Çev.) Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları no:28.
  • Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of learning for instruction (3th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Allyn &Bacon.
  • Eggen, P. D., & Kauchak, D. P. (2007). Learning and teaching research–based methods (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Allyn &Bacon.
  • Ehrenberg, S. S. (1991). Concept development (Rev. ed.). In A. Costa (Ed.), Developing minds. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Ellis, R. (2005). Measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a second language: A psychometric study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27, 141-172.
  • Erickson, H. L. (1995). Stirring the head, heart and soul: Redefining curriculum and instruction. California: Corwin Press.
  • Frensch, P. A. (1998). One concept multiple meanings. In M. A. Stadler, & P. A. Frensch (Eds.), Handbook of implicit learning, (pp. 47-104). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Frick, R.W., & Lee, Y. S. (1995). Implicit learning and concept learning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology, 48(3), 762-782.
  • Frieman, J. (2002). Learning and adaptive behavior. Wadsworth: Thomson Learning.
  • Gagne, R. M., Wager, W.W., Golas, K.C., & Keller, J.M. (2005). Principles of instructional design (5th ed.). Wadsworth: Thomson Learning.
  • Gasparini, S. (2004). Implicit versus explicit learning: Some implications for l2 teaching. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 19 (2), 203–219.
  • Gould, J.L., & Gould, C.G. (2005). Hayvan zihni (4th ed.). (D. Yurtören, Trans.). Ankara: Tübitak Yayınları, 142.
  • Hovardaoğlu, S. (2007). Davranış bilimleri için araştırma teknikleri (2nd ed.). Ankara: Hatiboğlu Yayınları.
  • Kang, S. H. K., McDermott, K.B., & Roediger, H. L. (2007). Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long-term retention. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,19(4), 528-558.
  • Karadağlı, İ. (2009). The impact of the task-based instruction on the students’ vocabulary learning in an English as a Foreign Language context. [Görev temelli öğretim yönteminin İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen öğrencilerin sözcük öğrenimine etkisi. Unpublished master's thesis, Marmara University, İstanbul.
  • Karasar, N. (1995). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (7th ed.). Ankara: 3A Araştırma Eğitim Danışmanlık.
  • Kirkhart, M. W. (2001). The nature of declarative and nondeclarative knowledge for implicit and explicit learning. The Journal of General Psychology, 128(4), 447-461.
  • Klahr, D., & Nigam, M. (2004). The equivalence of learning paths in early science instruction; effects of direct instruction and discovery learning. Psychological Science, 15, 661-667.
  • Klausmeier, H. J. (1992). Concept learning and concept teaching. Educational Psychologist, 27(3), 267-286.
  • Magliaro, S. G., Lockee, B. B., & Burton, J. K. (2005). Direct instruction revisited: A key model for instructional technology. ETR&D, 53(4), 41–55.
  • Martorella, P. H. (1986). Teaching concepts (3rd ed.). In J. M. Cooper (Ed.), Classroom teaching skill (pp.182-223). Lexington, Mass: D.C. Health & Co.
  • Martorella, P. H. (1998). Social studies for elementary school children developing young citizens (2nd ed.).Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Marzano, R.J., Brandt, R.S., Hughes, C.S., Jones, B.F., Presseisen, B.Z., Rankin, S.C., & Suhor, C. (1988). Dimensions of thinking: A framework for curriculum and instruction. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
  • Mathews, R.C., Buss, R.R., Chinn, R., & Stanley, W. B. (1988). The role of explicit and implicit learning processes in concept discovery. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 40(1), 135-165.
  • Mathews, R. C., Buss, R. R., Stanley,W. B., Blanchard-Fields, F., Cho, J. R., & Druhan, B. (1989). Role of implicit and explicit processes in learning from examples: A synergistic effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 15(6), 1083-1100.
  • Mathews, R.C., Roussel, L.G., Cochran, B.P., Cook, A. E., & Dunaway, D. L. (2000). The role of implicit learning in the acquisition of generative knowledge. In V. Honavar, (Action Ed.). Journal of Cognitive Systems Research, 1, 161-174.
  • McCleery, J. A. (2000). Effects of explicit instruction and concept focus on student declarative content knowledge and problem solving skills. Dissertation Abstracts International, 61(09), 137. (PQDT No: AAT 9987238).
  • McCleery, J.A., & Tindal, G.A. (1999). Teaching the scientific method to at-risk students and students with learning disabilities through concept anchoring and explicit instruction. Remedial and Special Education, 20(1), 7-18.
  • Merrill, M. D. (1983). Component display theory. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models (pp. 279-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Michaelis, J.U., & Garcia, S. (1996). Social studies for children: A guide to basic instruction (11th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Neuweg, G. H. (2004). Tacit knowing and implicit learning. In M. B. Fischer & N. Nicholas (Eds.), European perspectives on learning at work: The acquisition of work process knowledge. Cedefob Reference Series Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications for the European Communities.
  • Nokes, T.J., & Ohlsson, S. (2001). How is abstract generative knowledge acquired? In J. D. Moore & K. Stenning (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 710–715). Mahaw, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Ormrod, J.E. (2008). Human learning (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice-Hall.
  • Overskeid, G. (1995). Cognitivist or behaviourist- who can tell the difference? The case of implicit and explicit knowledge. British Journal of Psychology, 86, 517-522.
  • Özcan-Bayram, D. (2009). A comparison of the effects of explicit and implicit vocabulary teaching on students’ vocabulary learning and retention levels through reading texts. [Okuma parçaları ile bilinçli ve dolaylı kelime öğretiminin öğrencilerin kelime öğrenme ve öğrenmenin kalıcılığı üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması]. Unpublished master's thesis, Muğla Üniversitesi, Muğla.
  • Özlem, D. (1996). Felsefe ve doğa bilimleri (2nd ed.). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Özlem, D. (2003). Bilim felsefesi (ders notları). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Özlem, D. (2004). Mantık (7th ed). İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Pacton, S., Perruchet, P., Fayol, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2001). Implicit learning out of the lab: The case orthographic regularities. Journal of Experimental Pyschology: General, 130(3), 401-426.
  • Reber, A. S. (1993). Implicit learning and tacit knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Robinson, P. (1997). Generalizability and automaticity of second language learning under implicit, incidental, enhanced, and instructed conditions. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(2), 223-227.
  • Sætrevik, B., Reber, R., & Sannum, P. (2006). The utility of implicit learning in the teaching of rules. Learning and Instruction, 16(4), 363-373.
  • Sandberg, K., Timmermans, B., Overgaard, M., & Cleeremans, A. (2010). Measuring consciousness: Is one measure better than the other? Consciousness and Cognition. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2009.12.013.
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Gelişim, öğrenme ve öğretim. Ankara: Gönül Yayıncılık.
  • Shanks, D. R. (2005). Implicit learning. In K. Lamberts, & R. Goldstone (Eds.), handbook of cognition (pp. 202–220). London: Sage Publications.
  • Shanks, D. R., & St. John, M. F. (1994). Characteristics of dissociable human learning systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 17 (3), 367-447.
  • Ströker, E. (2005). Bilim kuramına giriş (D. Özlem, Çev.) İstanbul: İnkılâp Yayınevi.
  • Sunal, D.W., & Sunal, C.S. (2003). Science in the elementary and middle school. Columbus, OH: Merrill Prentice Hall.
  • Şimşek, A. (2006). Kavramların öğretimi. In A. Şimşek (Ed.), İçerik türlerine dayalı öğretim (pp. 27-70). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Tatar, A. (1998). Kısa süreli bellekte özenli tekrar sürecinin açık ve örtük belleğe etkisi. [Effects of short term rehearsal on explicit and implicit memories]. Unpublished master's thesis, Ege University, İzmir.
  • Tavat, B. (1991). Örtük ve açık yönerge, kodlama ve sunum türünün yeni çağrışımlar kurmaya etkisi. Unpublished master's thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara.
  • Tee, M. Y. (2005). Sharing and cultivating tacit knowledge in an e-learning environment: A naturalistic study. Dissertation Abstracts International, 66(08), 223 (PQDT.No: 3185234).
  • Tennyson, R.D., & Cocchiarella, M.J. (1986). An empirically based instructional design theory for teaching concepts. Review of Educational Research, 56(1), 40-71.
  • Türk, E. (2007). Effects of the presentation mode of multimedia annotations on l2 reading comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning. [Multimedya açıklayıcı notlarının sunu modunun ikinci dilde okuduğunu anlama ve rastlantısal kelime öğrenme üzerine etkileri]. Unpublished master's thesis, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul.
  • Ziori, E., & Dienes, Z. (2006). Subjective measures of unconscious knowledge of concepts. Mind & Society. 5, 105-122.
  • Ziori, E., & Dienes, Z. (2008). How does prior knowledge affect implicit and explicit concept learning? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61(4), 601-624.
  • Zohar, A., & David, A.B. (2008). Explicit teaching of meta-strategic knowledge in authentic classroom situations. Metacognition and Learning, 3(1), 59-82.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mükerrem Akbulut Taş

Mahinur Mahinur Karataş Coşkun Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Mart 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Mart 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014

Kaynak Göster

APA Akbulut Taş, M., & Karataş Coşkun, M. M. (2014). The Effect of Explicit Teaching and Implicit Learning of Concept and Generalization Structure on The Acquisition of Explicit Knowledge of Concept and Generalization Structure. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 43(1), 19-38. https://doi.org/10.14812/cufej.2014.002

Copyright © 2011

Cukurova University Faculty of Education

All rights reserved