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Öğretmenlerin Bireysel Ve Kolektivist Eğilimleri ve Tükenmişlik Algıları Arasındaki İlişkide Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Düzenleyici Rolü

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 2, 1100 - 1126, 29.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.685392

Öz

Sosyokültürel normların öğretmenlerin algılarını ve davranışlarını etkilediğini ortaya koyan birçok araştırma tükenmişlik algısında farklı değişkenlerin rolünü sorgulamamıza yol açmaktadır. Alanyazında yaklaşık 50 yıldır araştırılan tükenmişlik algısının sadece sağlık çalışanları değil eğitim, bankacılık, bakım hizmetleri gibi hizmet sektörlerini de etkilediği gözlemlenmektedir. Genellikle Batılı bireysel toplumlarda yapılan çalışmalarda gözlenen tükenmişlik algısının Doğulu kolektivist toplumlarda da gözlenebileceği araştırmalarda ortaya konulmaktadır. Tükenmişlik algısının farklı çalışmalarda psikolojik güçlendirme sayesinde azalabileceği ortaya konulurken bireysel eğilimlerin bağımsız değişken rol oynayabileceği dikkate alınmamıştır. Kolektivist eğilimlerin ise hemen hemen hiç kullanılmadığı gözlenmiştir. Kaynakların korunumu çerçevesinde bu çalışmada bireysel ve kolektivist eğilimlerin tükenmişlik üzerindeki etkisi ve bu etkide psikolojik güçlendirme algısının düzenleyici rolü sorgulanmıştır. Araştırmada Ergin (1992) tarafından Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan 22 maddeden oluşan Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) Özbek (2010) tarafından Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan 16 maddelik bireselcilik ve kolektivist algı ölçeği, Altındiş ve Özutku (2011) tarafından Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan 12 maddelik psikolojik güçlendirme ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Kamu okullarında görev yapan 207 öğretmen araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. SPSS 22 ile kullanılan Process 3.0 makrosunda yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre Psikolojik güçlendirmenin bireyselcilik ve tükenmişlik arasında güçlü bir düzenleyici etkisi gözlenirken kolektivizm ve tükenmişlik arasında düzenleyici etkisi gözlenmemiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Altındiş, S. ve Özutku, H. (2011). Psikolojik Güçlendirmeyi Etkileyen Faktörler. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 161-192.
  • Baltaş, A. ve Baltaş, Z. (1987). Stres ve Başa Çıkma Yolları, Remzi Kitabevi, 4. Baskı, İstanbul, 1987,. 28.
  • Barutçu, E. and Serinkan C. (2013). Burnout Syndrome of Teachers: An Emprical Study in Turkey, 2nd Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research, (CY-ICER 2013), Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 89 (2013) 318 – 322
  • Bootzin, R. and Loftus, E. (1983). Robert Psychology, Today in Introduction. Random House, New York,1983.
  • Cherniss. C. (1980). Professional Burnout in human service organizations. New York: Praeger
  • Conger, J. and Kanungo, R. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review. 13 (3), 471-482.
  • Corsun, D.L., and Enz, C.A. (1999). Predicting psychological empowerment among service workers: The effect of support-based relationship. Human Relations, 52 (2), 205–224.
  • Demerouti, E., Mostert, K. and Bakker, A.B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: Through Investigation of the Independency of Both Constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209-222.
  • Durak, H. Y. and Seferoğlu, S.S. (2017). Öğretmenlerin Tükenmişlik Duygusunun Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi, GEFAD, 37(2), 759-788.
  • Eren, E.(1998). Örgütsel Davranış ve Yönetim Psikolojisi. Beta Basım & Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik & Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğinin uyarlanması. VII.Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları El Kitabı, 143-154. Ankara.
  • Freudenberger, H. (1975). The staff burn-out syndrome in alternative institutions. Psychotherapy, Theory, Research and Practice, 12(1), 73-82.
  • Freudenberger, H. (1980). Burnout: The high cost of achievement. New York: Anchor Press.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of Resources: A new attempt at conceptualizin Stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
  • Hochwalder, J. (2007). The Psychosocial Work Environment And Burnout Among Swedish Registered And Assistant Nurses: The Main, Mediating And Moderating Role Of Empowerment. Nursing and Health Sciences. 9 (3), 205-211.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences In Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men And Women Of The Corporation (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24 (2): 285-308.
  • Kasa, M. and Hassan, Z. (2016). Burnout And Flow With Moderating Effect Of Individualism/Collectivism. A Study In Malaysian Hotel Industry. 3. Global Conference and Social Science-2015, GCBS-2015, 16-17 December, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian.
  • Kılınç, S. (2021). Asilik Eğilimi, Sanal Diğerkamlık ve Ahlaki Kimlik Davranışlarının Sanal Korsanlık Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Boyabat İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergisi, 1(1): 1-15.F
  • Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B. and Gibson, C. B. (2006). A Quarter Century Of Culture‟S Consequences: A Review Of Empirical Research Incorporating Hofstede‟S Cultural Values Framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 285–320. https://doi.org/ 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400202
  • Laschinger, H.K.S., Finegan, J.E., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2003). Workplace Empowerment as a Predictor of Nurse Burnout in Restructured Healthcare Settings. Longwoods Review, 1(3):2- 11
  • Lévi, L., Bartley, M., Marmot, M., Karasek, R., Theorell, T., Siegrist, J., and Landsbergis, P. (2000). Stressors at the workplace: theoretical models. Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.), 15(1), 69.
  • Lina Meng, R.N., Yi Jin, M.S.N., and Jiajia, G. M.S.N. (2016). Mediating and Moderating Roles of Psychological Empowerment, Applied Nursing Research, 30- 104-110.
  • Maslach, C.(2003). Job Burnout: New Directions in Research and Intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol.12, 5, 189-192.
  • Maslach, C., and Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2(1), 99-113.
  • Markus, H., and Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.
  • Meng, L., Jin, Y. and Guo, J. (2016). Mediating and/or Moderating Roles of Psychological Empowerment. Applied Nursing Research, 30, 104-110.
  • Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, selfesteem, and well being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12.
  • O’Brien, J. L. (2010). Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment and Burnout in Registered Staff Nurses Working in Outpatient Dialysis. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, The State University of New Jersey, 2010.
  • Özbek, M. F. (2010). Yatay ve Dikey Bireyselcilik ve Kolektivizm ile Para Etiği İlişkisi: Türk Kırgız Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, 10 (3), 23-42.
  • Spreitzer, G.M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
  • Thomas, K.W. and Velthouse, B.A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15(4):666-681.
  • Xie, L. J., Chen, Z. and Roy, J. (2006). Cultural and Personality Determinants of Leniency in Self- Rating among Chinese People, Management and Organization Review, 2(2): 181–207
  • Wu, D. (2020). Relationship Between Job Burnout and Mental Health of Teachers Under Work Stress. Revista Argentina Clinical Psicologica, 29,1, 2020
  • Yener, S. ve Arslan, A. (2017). İş’te Kadın. Çizgi Yayınevi: Konya
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1995). Self-regulation involves more than metacognition: A social cognitive perspective. Educational Psychologist, 30, 217-221.

The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Relationship between Individualism-Collectivism perceptions and Burnout of Teachers

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 2, 1100 - 1126, 29.10.2021
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.685392

Öz

Many studies revealing that sociocultural norms affect teachers' perceptions and behaviors lead us to question the role of different variables in the perception of burnout. It is observed that the perception of burnout, which has been investigated for nearly 50 years, affects not only health workers, but also service sectors such as education, banking and care services. It is generally emphasized in researches that the perception of burnout observed in studies in Western individual societies can also be observed in Eastern collectivist societies. In most of studies related to burnout syndrome, psychological empowerment is accepted as a predictor however no study offers that individualistic trends may also affect burnout. Besides the effects of collectivist trends have not been studied. Within the framework of the theory of conservation of resources, the effect of individual and collectivist tendencies on burnout and the moderator role of psychological empowerment perception were questioned in this study. In the study, 16 item individualism and collectivist perception scale, which was validated in Turkish by Uzbek (2010), 22 item The Maslach Burnout Scale (MTÖ) which was validated in Turlkish by Ergin (1992), 12 item psychological empowerment scale, which was validated in Turkish by Altindish and Özutku (2011) were used.
207 teachers working in public schools consisted the sample group of research. The data gathered through face to face surveys were analyzed by SPSS 22 and Process 3.= version macro. According to the results of tests mediation role of psychological empowerment is observed between individualism and burnout but has not been observed between collectivism and burnout

Kaynakça

  • Altındiş, S. ve Özutku, H. (2011). Psikolojik Güçlendirmeyi Etkileyen Faktörler. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 161-192.
  • Baltaş, A. ve Baltaş, Z. (1987). Stres ve Başa Çıkma Yolları, Remzi Kitabevi, 4. Baskı, İstanbul, 1987,. 28.
  • Barutçu, E. and Serinkan C. (2013). Burnout Syndrome of Teachers: An Emprical Study in Turkey, 2nd Cyprus International Conference on Educational Research, (CY-ICER 2013), Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 89 (2013) 318 – 322
  • Bootzin, R. and Loftus, E. (1983). Robert Psychology, Today in Introduction. Random House, New York,1983.
  • Cherniss. C. (1980). Professional Burnout in human service organizations. New York: Praeger
  • Conger, J. and Kanungo, R. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review. 13 (3), 471-482.
  • Corsun, D.L., and Enz, C.A. (1999). Predicting psychological empowerment among service workers: The effect of support-based relationship. Human Relations, 52 (2), 205–224.
  • Demerouti, E., Mostert, K. and Bakker, A.B. (2010). Burnout and work engagement: Through Investigation of the Independency of Both Constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), 209-222.
  • Durak, H. Y. and Seferoğlu, S.S. (2017). Öğretmenlerin Tükenmişlik Duygusunun Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi, GEFAD, 37(2), 759-788.
  • Eren, E.(1998). Örgütsel Davranış ve Yönetim Psikolojisi. Beta Basım & Yayınevi: İstanbul.
  • Ergin, C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik & Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğinin uyarlanması. VII.Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi Bilimsel Çalışmaları El Kitabı, 143-154. Ankara.
  • Freudenberger, H. (1975). The staff burn-out syndrome in alternative institutions. Psychotherapy, Theory, Research and Practice, 12(1), 73-82.
  • Freudenberger, H. (1980). Burnout: The high cost of achievement. New York: Anchor Press.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of Resources: A new attempt at conceptualizin Stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513-524.
  • Hochwalder, J. (2007). The Psychosocial Work Environment And Burnout Among Swedish Registered And Assistant Nurses: The Main, Mediating And Moderating Role Of Empowerment. Nursing and Health Sciences. 9 (3), 205-211.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences In Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Kanter, R. M. (1993). Men And Women Of The Corporation (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24 (2): 285-308.
  • Kasa, M. and Hassan, Z. (2016). Burnout And Flow With Moderating Effect Of Individualism/Collectivism. A Study In Malaysian Hotel Industry. 3. Global Conference and Social Science-2015, GCBS-2015, 16-17 December, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian.
  • Kılınç, S. (2021). Asilik Eğilimi, Sanal Diğerkamlık ve Ahlaki Kimlik Davranışlarının Sanal Korsanlık Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Boyabat İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi E-Dergisi, 1(1): 1-15.F
  • Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B. and Gibson, C. B. (2006). A Quarter Century Of Culture‟S Consequences: A Review Of Empirical Research Incorporating Hofstede‟S Cultural Values Framework. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3), 285–320. https://doi.org/ 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400202
  • Laschinger, H.K.S., Finegan, J.E., Shamian, J. ve Wilk, P. (2003). Workplace Empowerment as a Predictor of Nurse Burnout in Restructured Healthcare Settings. Longwoods Review, 1(3):2- 11
  • Lévi, L., Bartley, M., Marmot, M., Karasek, R., Theorell, T., Siegrist, J., and Landsbergis, P. (2000). Stressors at the workplace: theoretical models. Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.), 15(1), 69.
  • Lina Meng, R.N., Yi Jin, M.S.N., and Jiajia, G. M.S.N. (2016). Mediating and Moderating Roles of Psychological Empowerment, Applied Nursing Research, 30- 104-110.
  • Maslach, C.(2003). Job Burnout: New Directions in Research and Intervention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol.12, 5, 189-192.
  • Maslach, C., and Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2(1), 99-113.
  • Markus, H., and Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253.
  • Meng, L., Jin, Y. and Guo, J. (2016). Mediating and/or Moderating Roles of Psychological Empowerment. Applied Nursing Research, 30, 104-110.
  • Neff, K. D. (2011). Self-compassion, selfesteem, and well being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12.
  • O’Brien, J. L. (2010). Structural Empowerment, Psychological Empowerment and Burnout in Registered Staff Nurses Working in Outpatient Dialysis. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, The State University of New Jersey, 2010.
  • Özbek, M. F. (2010). Yatay ve Dikey Bireyselcilik ve Kolektivizm ile Para Etiği İlişkisi: Türk Kırgız Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Araştırma, 10 (3), 23-42.
  • Spreitzer, G.M. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465.
  • Thomas, K.W. and Velthouse, B.A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15(4):666-681.
  • Xie, L. J., Chen, Z. and Roy, J. (2006). Cultural and Personality Determinants of Leniency in Self- Rating among Chinese People, Management and Organization Review, 2(2): 181–207
  • Wu, D. (2020). Relationship Between Job Burnout and Mental Health of Teachers Under Work Stress. Revista Argentina Clinical Psicologica, 29,1, 2020
  • Yener, S. ve Arslan, A. (2017). İş’te Kadın. Çizgi Yayınevi: Konya
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1995). Self-regulation involves more than metacognition: A social cognitive perspective. Educational Psychologist, 30, 217-221.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sebahattin Kılınç 0000-0003-4451-9309

Serdar Yener

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 50 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılınç, S., & Yener, S. (2021). The Moderating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Relationship between Individualism-Collectivism perceptions and Burnout of Teachers. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 50(2), 1100-1126. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.685392

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