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Distance Education from the Perspective of Middle School Mathematics Teachers

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2, 885 - 919, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.941371

Öz

In this phenomenology study, it was aimed to define middle-school mathematics teachers' perceptions about distance education. For this purpose, eight middle school mathematics teachers working in public schools in four different provinces of Turkey were included in the study. The data were obtained through a series of semi-structured interviews. The teachers' perceptions about the advantages and barriers of distance mathematics education and their feelings and general evaluations about this new method were defined by content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the mathematics teachers believed that distance education offered some advantages for mathematics lessons, on the other hand, they highlighted the barriers it contained. They defined distance education as an inefficient method for mathematics lessons. In addition, it was determined that they have very negative feelings about distance education. In their distance mathematics lessons, it has been determined that they exhibit a teacher-centered teaching approach by using limited teaching material, yet they are generally satisfied with their distance mathematics teaching performance. It was determined that the teachers were not satisfied with the mathematics learning motivation and success exhibited by the students in the distance mathematics lessons.

Kaynakça

  • Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-13. doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
  • Akkoyunlu, B., & Soylu, M. Y. (2006). A study on students’ views on blended learning environment. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 7(3), 43-56.
  • Aksu, H. H. (2021). Mathematics teachers' opinions on distance education using the educational informatics network (EBA). Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 20(2), 88-97.
  • Almanthari, A., Maulina, S., & Bruce, S. (2020). Secondary school mathematics teachers’ views on E-learning implementation barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Indonesia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7), em1860. doi:10.29333/ejmste/8240
  • Ampadu, E. (2012). Students' perceptions of their teachers' teaching of mathematics: The case of Ghana. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 351-358.
  • Anyagh, P. I., Honmane, O., & Abah, J. (2018). Secondary school students' perception of teachers' attitude towards learning in mathematics in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Review, 5(5), 69-75.
  • Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). The role of e-learning, advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 12(1), 29-42.
  • Baki, A., Yalçınkaya, H., Özpınar, İ., & Uzun, S. (2009). İlköğretim matematik öğretmenleri ve öğretmen adaylarının öğretim teknolojilerine bakışlarının karşılaştırılması. Türk Bilgisayar ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 1(1), 65-83.
  • Balaban, E. (2012). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitim ve bir proje önerisi. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi.
  • Batdal-Karaduman, G., Akşak-Ertaş, Z., & Duran-Baytar, S. (2021). Uzaktan eğitim yolu ile gerçekleştirilen matematik derslerine ilişkin öğretmen deneyimlerinin incelenmesi. International Primary Education Research Journal, 5(1), 1-17. doi:10.38089/iperj.2021.42
  • Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775-786. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x
  • Beyhan, T., & Merey, Z. (2021). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin internet kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerinin dijital vatandaşlık kapsamında incelenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 162-193. doi:10.33711/yyuefd.859561
  • Bora, A., & Ahmed, S. (2018). An investigation on mathematics teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in secondary school setting in Assam. International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science, 5(5), 530-536.
  • Borba, M. C., Askar, P., Engelbrecht, J., Gadanidis, G., Llinares, S., & Aguilar, M. S. (2016). Blended learning, e-learning and mobile learning in mathematics education. ZDM, 48(5), 589-610. doi:10.1007/s11858-016-0798-4
  • Bozkurt, A. (2017). Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin dünü, bugünü ve yarını. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 85-124.
  • Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-4.
  • Can, E. (2020). Sanal sınıf yönetimi: İlkeler, uygulamalar ve öneriler. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 251-295.
  • Canpolat, U., & Yıldırım, Y. (2021). Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 salgın sürecinde uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerinin incelenmesi. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 74-109.
  • Coşkun-Şimşek, M., İnam, B., Yebrem-Özdamar, S., & Turanlı, N. (2022). Matematik öğretmenlerinin gözünden uzaktan eğitim. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2). doi:10.16986/HUJE.2021073768
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Ernest, P. (2004). Image of mathematics, values and gender. In B. Allen & S. Johnston-Wilder (Eds.), Mathematics education exploring the culture of learning (pp. 11-25). London, New York: Routledge.
  • Frid, S. (2002). Engaging primary students in working mathematically within a virtual enrichment program. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 14(1), 60-79.
  • Ghosh, S., Nath, J., Agarwal, S., & Nath, A. (2012). Open and distance learning (ODL) education system-past, present and future–a systematic study of an alternative education system. Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 3(4), 53-57.
  • Holmberg, B. (2005). Theory and practice of distance education: Routledge.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., . . . Gu, X. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Huzzie-Brown, A. (2018). Beliefs vs behavior of elementary teachers integrating technology in mathematics. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Walden University.
  • Joshi, O., Chapagain, B., Kharel, G., Poudyal, N. C., Murray, B. D., & Mehmood, S. R. (2020). Benefits and challenges of online instruction in agriculture and natural resource education. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-12. doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1725896
  • Keegan, D. (1996). Foundations of distance education. London: Psychology Press.
  • Khirwadkar, A., Khan, S. I., Mgombelo, J., Obradovic-Ratkovic, S., & Forbes, W. A. (2020). Reimagining mathematics education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brock Education: A Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 29(2), 42-46.
  • Kilit, B., & Güner, P. (2021). Matematik derslerinde web tabanlı uzaktan eğitime ilişkin matematik öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 85-102. doi:10.18506/anemon.803167
  • Lowrie, T., & Jorgensen, R. (2012). Teaching mathematics remotely: Changed practices in distance education. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 24(3), 371-383. doi:10.1007/s13394-011-0031-2
  • Manfuso, L. G. (2020, April 15). How the remote learning pivot could shape Higher Ed IT. EdTech Magazine. Retrieved from https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2020/04/how-remote-learning-pivot-could-shape-higher-ed-it
  • Marpa, E. P. (2021). Technology in the teaching of mathematics: An analysis of teachers’ attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal on Studies in Education, 3(2), 92-102. doi:10.46328/ijonse.36
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2020). Covid 19. Retrieved from http://covid19.meb.gov.tr/
  • Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054.
  • Mutluoğlu, A., & Erdoğan, A. (2016). İlköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin öğretim stili tercihlerine göre teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgi (TPAB) düzeylerinin incelenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(10), 102-126.
  • Niess, M. L., Ronau, R. N., Shafer, K. G., Driskell, S. O., Harper, S. R., Johnston, C., . . . Kersaint, G. (2009). Mathematics teacher TPACK standards and development model. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 4-24.
  • Njiku, J., Mutarutinya, V., & Maniraho, J. F. (2020, January 3-6). Mathematics teachers’ technology integration self-efficacy and technology use. Paper presented at the International Conference to Review Research in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education, Mumbai, India.
  • OECD. (2016). Assessment and analytical framework: Science, reading, mathematic and financial literacy. Paris: PISA, OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264255425-en
  • Önal, N., & Çakır, H. (2016). Ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretiminde bilişim teknolojileri kullanımına ilişkin görüşleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 76-94. doi:10.17860/efd.51865
  • Özdemir-Baki, G., & Çelik, E. (2021). Ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitimde matematik öğretim deneyimleri. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 293-320.
  • Padilla-Díaz, M. (2015). Phenomenology in educational qualitative research: Philosophy as science or philosophical science. International journal of educational excellence, 1(2), 101-110.
  • Paraskeva, F., Bouta, H., & Papagianni, A. (2008). Individual characteristics and computer self-efficacy in secondary education teachers to integrate technology in educational practice. Computers & Education, 50(3), 1084-1091. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.10.006
  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 2: Do they really think differently? On the horizon, 9(6), 1-6. doi:10.1108/10748120110424843
  • Rajanbir, S. (2020, July 20). Online classes leading to stress, eye problems in children, say parents. Hindustan Times Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/online-classes-leading-to-stress-eye-problems-in-children-say-parents/story-y4a8cnLKqHN8oCqozZ0psN.html
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Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Bakış Açısıyla Uzaktan Eğitim

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2, 885 - 919, 31.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.941371

Öz

Bu fenomenoloji araştırmasında ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim yöntemine ilişkin algılarının tanımlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırmaya Türkiye’nin dört farklı ilindeki devlet okullarında görev yapmakta olan sekiz ortaokul matematik öğretmeni dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış bir dizi görüşme aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Veriler üzerinde içerik analizi yapılarak öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim yönteminin matematik dersleri için içermiş olduğu avantajlara ve engellere ilişkin algıları ve bu yeni yönteme yönelik duyguları ve genel değerlendirmeleri tanımlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitimin matematik dersleri için bir takım avantajlar sunduğuna inandıkları, buna karşın daha çok içermiş olduğu engelleri ön plana çıkardıkları tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenler, uzaktan eğitimi matematik dersleri için verimsiz bir yöntem olarak tanımlamışlardır. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitime yönelik oldukça olumsuz duygulara sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Uzaktan matematik derslerinde, sınırlı öğretim materyali kullanarak öğretmen merkezli bir öğretim anlayış sergiledikleri, buna karşın uzaktan matematik öğretme performanslarından genel anlamda memnun oldukları belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin uzaktan matematik derslerinde sergilemiş oldukları öğrenme motivasyonu ve başarısından ise memnun olmadıkları tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: The challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-13. doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
  • Akkoyunlu, B., & Soylu, M. Y. (2006). A study on students’ views on blended learning environment. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 7(3), 43-56.
  • Aksu, H. H. (2021). Mathematics teachers' opinions on distance education using the educational informatics network (EBA). Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 20(2), 88-97.
  • Almanthari, A., Maulina, S., & Bruce, S. (2020). Secondary school mathematics teachers’ views on E-learning implementation barriers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Indonesia. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 16(7), em1860. doi:10.29333/ejmste/8240
  • Ampadu, E. (2012). Students' perceptions of their teachers' teaching of mathematics: The case of Ghana. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(2), 351-358.
  • Anyagh, P. I., Honmane, O., & Abah, J. (2018). Secondary school students' perception of teachers' attitude towards learning in mathematics in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Review, 5(5), 69-75.
  • Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). The role of e-learning, advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 12(1), 29-42.
  • Baki, A., Yalçınkaya, H., Özpınar, İ., & Uzun, S. (2009). İlköğretim matematik öğretmenleri ve öğretmen adaylarının öğretim teknolojilerine bakışlarının karşılaştırılması. Türk Bilgisayar ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 1(1), 65-83.
  • Balaban, E. (2012). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitim ve bir proje önerisi. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi.
  • Batdal-Karaduman, G., Akşak-Ertaş, Z., & Duran-Baytar, S. (2021). Uzaktan eğitim yolu ile gerçekleştirilen matematik derslerine ilişkin öğretmen deneyimlerinin incelenmesi. International Primary Education Research Journal, 5(1), 1-17. doi:10.38089/iperj.2021.42
  • Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(5), 775-786. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2007.00793.x
  • Beyhan, T., & Merey, Z. (2021). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin internet kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerinin dijital vatandaşlık kapsamında incelenmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 162-193. doi:10.33711/yyuefd.859561
  • Bora, A., & Ahmed, S. (2018). An investigation on mathematics teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in secondary school setting in Assam. International Journal of Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science, 5(5), 530-536.
  • Borba, M. C., Askar, P., Engelbrecht, J., Gadanidis, G., Llinares, S., & Aguilar, M. S. (2016). Blended learning, e-learning and mobile learning in mathematics education. ZDM, 48(5), 589-610. doi:10.1007/s11858-016-0798-4
  • Bozkurt, A. (2017). Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin dünü, bugünü ve yarını. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 85-124.
  • Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1-4.
  • Can, E. (2020). Sanal sınıf yönetimi: İlkeler, uygulamalar ve öneriler. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 251-295.
  • Canpolat, U., & Yıldırım, Y. (2021). Ortaokul öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 salgın sürecinde uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerinin incelenmesi. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 74-109.
  • Coşkun-Şimşek, M., İnam, B., Yebrem-Özdamar, S., & Turanlı, N. (2022). Matematik öğretmenlerinin gözünden uzaktan eğitim. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2). doi:10.16986/HUJE.2021073768
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage.
  • Ernest, P. (2004). Image of mathematics, values and gender. In B. Allen & S. Johnston-Wilder (Eds.), Mathematics education exploring the culture of learning (pp. 11-25). London, New York: Routledge.
  • Frid, S. (2002). Engaging primary students in working mathematically within a virtual enrichment program. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 14(1), 60-79.
  • Ghosh, S., Nath, J., Agarwal, S., & Nath, A. (2012). Open and distance learning (ODL) education system-past, present and future–a systematic study of an alternative education system. Journal of Global Research in Computer Science, 3(4), 53-57.
  • Holmberg, B. (2005). Theory and practice of distance education: Routledge.
  • Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., . . . Gu, X. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223), 497-506. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  • Huzzie-Brown, A. (2018). Beliefs vs behavior of elementary teachers integrating technology in mathematics. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Walden University.
  • Joshi, O., Chapagain, B., Kharel, G., Poudyal, N. C., Murray, B. D., & Mehmood, S. R. (2020). Benefits and challenges of online instruction in agriculture and natural resource education. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-12. doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1725896
  • Keegan, D. (1996). Foundations of distance education. London: Psychology Press.
  • Khirwadkar, A., Khan, S. I., Mgombelo, J., Obradovic-Ratkovic, S., & Forbes, W. A. (2020). Reimagining mathematics education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brock Education: A Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 29(2), 42-46.
  • Kilit, B., & Güner, P. (2021). Matematik derslerinde web tabanlı uzaktan eğitime ilişkin matematik öğretmenlerinin görüşleri. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 85-102. doi:10.18506/anemon.803167
  • Lowrie, T., & Jorgensen, R. (2012). Teaching mathematics remotely: Changed practices in distance education. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 24(3), 371-383. doi:10.1007/s13394-011-0031-2
  • Manfuso, L. G. (2020, April 15). How the remote learning pivot could shape Higher Ed IT. EdTech Magazine. Retrieved from https://edtechmagazine.com/higher/article/2020/04/how-remote-learning-pivot-could-shape-higher-ed-it
  • Marpa, E. P. (2021). Technology in the teaching of mathematics: An analysis of teachers’ attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal on Studies in Education, 3(2), 92-102. doi:10.46328/ijonse.36
  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2020). Covid 19. Retrieved from http://covid19.meb.gov.tr/
  • Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054.
  • Mutluoğlu, A., & Erdoğan, A. (2016). İlköğretim matematik öğretmenlerinin öğretim stili tercihlerine göre teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgi (TPAB) düzeylerinin incelenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(10), 102-126.
  • Niess, M. L., Ronau, R. N., Shafer, K. G., Driskell, S. O., Harper, S. R., Johnston, C., . . . Kersaint, G. (2009). Mathematics teacher TPACK standards and development model. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 4-24.
  • Njiku, J., Mutarutinya, V., & Maniraho, J. F. (2020, January 3-6). Mathematics teachers’ technology integration self-efficacy and technology use. Paper presented at the International Conference to Review Research in Science, Technology and Mathematics Education, Mumbai, India.
  • OECD. (2016). Assessment and analytical framework: Science, reading, mathematic and financial literacy. Paris: PISA, OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/9789264255425-en
  • Önal, N., & Çakır, H. (2016). Ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin matematik öğretiminde bilişim teknolojileri kullanımına ilişkin görüşleri. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 76-94. doi:10.17860/efd.51865
  • Özdemir-Baki, G., & Çelik, E. (2021). Ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitimde matematik öğretim deneyimleri. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 293-320.
  • Padilla-Díaz, M. (2015). Phenomenology in educational qualitative research: Philosophy as science or philosophical science. International journal of educational excellence, 1(2), 101-110.
  • Paraskeva, F., Bouta, H., & Papagianni, A. (2008). Individual characteristics and computer self-efficacy in secondary education teachers to integrate technology in educational practice. Computers & Education, 50(3), 1084-1091. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2006.10.006
  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 2: Do they really think differently? On the horizon, 9(6), 1-6. doi:10.1108/10748120110424843
  • Rajanbir, S. (2020, July 20). Online classes leading to stress, eye problems in children, say parents. Hindustan Times Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.hindustantimes.com/chandigarh/online-classes-leading-to-stress-eye-problems-in-children-say-parents/story-y4a8cnLKqHN8oCqozZ0psN.html
  • Robinson, O. C. (2014). Sampling in interview-based qualitative research: A theoretical and practical guide. Qualitative research in psychology, 11(1), 25-41. doi:10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. Retrieved from https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
  • Saykılı, A. (2018). Distance education: Definitions, generations, key concepts and future directions. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 5(1), 2-17.
  • Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) the development and validation of an assessment instrument for preservice teachers. Journal of research on Technology in Education, 42(2), 123-149.
  • Sengil-Akar, S., & Kurtoglu-Erden, M. (2021). Distance education experiences of secondary school math teachers during the pandemic: A narrative study. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 22(3), 1-20.
  • Simonson, M., Zvacek, S. M., & Smaldino, S. (2019). Teaching and learning at a distance: Foundations of distance education (7th ed.). North Caroline: Age.
  • Tallent-Runnels, M. K., Thomas, J. A., Lan, W. Y., Cooper, S., Ahern, T. C., Shaw, S. M., & Liu, X. (2006). Teaching courses online: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 76(1), 93-135. doi:10.3102/00346543076001093
  • Tezci, E. (2010). Attitudes and knowledge level of teachers in ICT use: The case of Turkish teachers. Journal of human sciences, 7(2), 19-44.
  • Tican, C., & Toksoy-Gökoğlu, S. D. (2021). Ortaokul matematik öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim matematik dersine ilişkin görüşleri. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 767-786. doi:10.21666/muefd.996395
  • Topçu, E., & Masal, E. (2020). Matematik öğretmenlerinin teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi öz-değerlendirme algılarına bir bakış. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 147-167. doi:10.30855/gjes.2020.06.01.009
  • Tu, C.-H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes. The American journal of distance education, 16(3), 131-150. doi:10.1207/S15389286AJDE1603_2
  • Volery, T., & Lord, D. (2000). Critical success factors in online education. International journal of educational management, 14(5), 216-223. doi:10.1108/09513540010344731
  • World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erhan Bozkurt 0000-0002-5524-6994

Elif Seval Peker 0000-0002-5653-6352

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 51 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bozkurt, E., & Peker, E. S. (2022). Distance Education from the Perspective of Middle School Mathematics Teachers. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(2), 885-919. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.941371

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