Agro-Endüstriyel Atık Olan Elma Posalarının Box-Behnken Yanıt Yüzey Metodolojisi ile Alkali Ön İşlem Optimizasyonu

Yıl 2021, , 769 - 780, 30.09.2021

Özgecan Madenli Ece Ümmü Deveci

https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1005786

Cited By: 1

Öz

Agro-endüstriyel atıklar lignoselülozik yapıya sahip biyokütlelerdir. Biyokütleler ön işlem yöntemleri ile fermente şeker olarak geri kazanılması biyoyakıt üretiminde büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada basınçlı ve basınçsız ortamlarda alkali potasyum hidroksit (KOH) ile elma posası atıklarının ön işlemi yöntemiyle toplam şeker ve indirgenmiş şeker potansiyeli yanıt yüzey metodolojisi olan Box Behnken istatiksel modeli ile incelenmiştir. Optimum çalışma koşulları zaman (30-90 dk), KOH dozu (%1-3) ve katı oranı (%2,5-7,5) olarak incelenmiştir. Alkali potasyum hidroksit ön işleminde basınçlı ortamda reaksiyon süresi 60 dakikada ve %5 katı oranında toplam şeker miktarının 22,36 g/L’ye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alkali ön işlem, Elma posası, Yanıt yüzey metodolojisi, Biyoyakıt potansiyeli

Alkaline Pre-Treatment Optimization of Agro-Industrial Waste Apple Pulp with Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology

Öz

Agro-industrial wastes are biomass with lignocellulosic structure. The recovery of biomass as fermented ugar by pre-treatment methods is of great importance in biofuel production. Pre-treatment methods such as physical, chemical, physico-chemical, biological and combined are applied to agro-industrial wastes. In this study, the total sugar and reduced sugar potential in pressurized and non-pressurized environments by pretreatment of alkali potassium hydroxide (KOH) and apple pulp wastes were investigated with the Box Behnken statistical model, which is the response surface methodology. Optimum working conditions were examined as time (30-90 min), KOH dose (1-3%) and solids ratio (2.5-7.5%). In alkali potassium hydroxide pre-treatment, the reaction time in pressurized medium was 60 minutes and the total sugar amount at 5% solid rate reached 22,36 g/L.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alkali pretreatment, Apple pulp, Response surface methodology, Biofuel potential

Kaynakça

• 1. Aditiya, H.B., Mahlia, T.M.I., Chong, W.T., Nur, H., Sebayang, A.H., 2016. Second Generation Bioethanol Production: A Critical Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Elsevier 66, 631-653.
• 2. Zhang, Y.H.P., 2008. Reviving the Carbohydrate Economy via Multi-product Lignocellulose Biorefineries. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 35, 367-375.
• 3. Takeuchi, K., Kauffman, J.M., Komiyama, H., Van Der Leeuw, S., Yoshikawa, H., Sri, T., Hamid, Z.A., 2018. Biofuels and Sustainability. Holistic Perspectives for Policy-making. Sci. Sustain. Soc.
• 4. Deveci, E.Ü., Gönen, Ç., 2018. Comparative Analysis of Strong and Weak Acid Pretreatment Methods Under Pressurized and Non-pressurized Conditions for Agro-industrial Waste of Apple Pulp. Energy Environ. 29, 1038-1052
• 5. Nicodème, T., Berchem, T., Jacquet, N. Richel, A., 2018. Thermochemical Conversion of Sugar Industry By-products to Biofuels. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Elsevier 88, 151-159.
• 6. Voloshin, R.A., Rodionova, M.V., Zharmukhamedov, S.K., Nejat Veziroglu, T., Allakhverdiev, S.I., 2016. Review: Biofuel Production from Plant and Algal Biomass. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Elsevier 41, 17257-17273.
• 7. Mohr, A., Raman, S., 2015. Lessons from First Generation Biofuels and Implications for the Sustainability Appraisal of Second Generation Biofuels. Effic. Sustain. Biofuel Prod. Environ. Land-Use Res., Elsevier 63, 281-310.
• 8. Yaser, D., Kashif, S., Sarkar, B., Pallavi, R.B.M., 2019. 14-Biofuels: Their characteristics and Analysis. In In Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering, Biomass, Biopolymer-Based Materials, and Bioenergy (Deepak Verma, Elena Fortunati, Siddharth Jain, X.Z., ed.), 277–325, Woodhead Publishing.
• 9. Basso, D., Patuzzi, F., Castello, D., Baratieri, M., Rada, E.C., Weiss-Hortala, E., Fiori, L., 2016. Agro-industrial Waste to Solid Biofuel Through Hydrothermal Carbonization. Waste Manag., Elsevier 47, 114-121.
• 10. Hassan, S.S., Williams, G.A., Jaiswal, A.K., 2018. Emerging Technologies for the Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Bioresour. Technol., Elsevier, 262, 310-318.
• 11.Jönsson, L.J., Martín, C., 2016. Pretreatment of Lignocellulose: Formation of Inhibitory by-products and Strategies for Minimizing Their Effects. Bioresour. Technol. 199, 103-112.
• 12. Kumar, A.K., Sharma, S., 2017. Recent Updates on Different Methods of Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks: A Review. Bioresour Bioprocess. 4(1), 7. doi: 10.1186/s40643-017-0137-9.
• 13. Tomás-Pejó, E., Fermoso, J., Herrador, E., Hernando, H., Jiménez-Sánchez, S., Ballesteros, M., González-Fernández, C., Serrano, D.P., 2017. Valorization of Steam-exploded Wheat Straw Through a Biorefinery Approach: Bioethanol and Bio-oil co-production. Fuel 199, 403-412.
• 14. Dhillon, G.S., Kaur, S., Brar, S.K., 2013. Perspective of Apple Processing Wastes as Low-cost Substrates for Bioproduction of High Value Products: A Review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., Elsevier 27, 789-805.
• 15. Sun, Y., Cheng, J., 2002. Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials for Ethanol Production: A Review. Bioresour. Technol., 83(1), 1-11.
• 16. Sendich, E., (Newton), Laser, M., Kim, S., Alizadeh, H., Laureano-Perez, L., Dale, B., Lynd, L., 2008. Recent Process Improvements for the Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) Process and Resulting Reductions in Minimum Ethanol Selling Price. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 8429-8435.
• 17. Persson, T., Ren, J.L., Joelsson, E., Jönsson, A.S., 2009. Fractionation of Wheat and Barley Straw to Access High-molecular-mass Hemicelluloses Prior to Ethanol Production. Bioresour. Technol., Elsevier 100, 3906-3913.
• 18.Júnior, A.D.N.F., Etchelet, M.I., Braga, A.F., M., Clavijo, L., Loaces, I., Noya, F., Etchebehere, C., 2020. Alkaline Pretreatment of Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) Waste for Unlocking Low cost Cellulosic Biofuel. Fuel, Elsevier, 266, 117068.
• 19.Bensah, E.C., Kádár, Z., Mensah, M.Y., 2019. Alkali and Glycerol Pretreatment of West African Biomass for Production of Sugars and Ethanol. Bioresour. Technol. Reports 6, 123-130.
• 20. Hu, Z., Wen, Z., 2008. Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility of Switchgrass by Microwave-assisted Alkali Pretreatment. Biochem. Eng. J., 38, 369-378.
• 21. Xie, X., Feng, X., Chi, S., Zhang, Y., Yu, G., Liu, C., Li, Z., Li, B., Peng, H. 2018. A Sustainable and Effective Potassium Hydroxide Pretreatment of Wheat Straw for the Production of Fermentable Sugars. Bioresour. Technol. Reports, Elsevier, 3, 169-176.
• 22. Miller, G.L., 1959. Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar. Anal. Chem., 31, 426-428.
• 23. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebers, P.A., Smith, F., 1956. Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances. Anal. Chem., 28, 350-356.