Çadır Kamplar İçerisinde Su Dağıtım Sisteminin Optimizasyonu

Öz

Bu makale, suyun kaynaktan kamplarda kurulan su tanklarına tankerlerle taşınmasına dayanan ve insanların çadırlarına su taşımasına izin veren su taşıma yönteminin yerine, çadır kampları için optimize edilmiş cazibeli bir su şebeke ağı önermektedir; bu yöntem, başka yollarla su temini mümkün olmadığında, çadır kamplarında yaşayan insanlara su temin etmek için kullanılmaktadır. Cazibeli su şebeke ağının kurulum maliyeti, Doğrusal Programlama kullanılarak piyasada bulunan boru çapları seçilerek en aza indirilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, Alperovits ve Shamir (1977) tarafından geliştirilmiş ve Goulter ve Coal (1986) tarafından modifiye edilmiştir; MATLAB tarafından çözülen lineer denklemler, EPANET'ten elde edilen sonuçlara dayanmaktadır. Suyun tankerlerle sağlandığı Suriye'deki Tulol kampı vaka çalışması olarak seçilmiş ve toplam boru maliyetinin %9,75 azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğrusal programlama
• Yerçekimi döngülü ağlar
• Çadır kampları
• Su taşıma
• Su temini

Optimization of Water Distribution System within Tented Camps

Öz

This paper proposes an optimized, gravity-looped water network for tented camps as a replacement of the water trucking method, which depends on conveying water from resource to water tanks set up within camps by trucks, allowing people to carry water through containers to their tent; this method is used to supply people live in tented camps with water when providing water cannot be met in other ways. The cost of installing the gravity-looped network is minimized using Linear Programming to select pipe diameters from commercially available pipes. The method proposed was developed by Alperovits and Shamir (1977) and modified by Goulter and Coal (1986); linear formulations were solved by MATLAB, builds upon results obtained from EPANET. Tulol camp, located in Syria, was chosen as a case study, being supplied with water by trucking. Diameter changes, after optimization, are observed where the total cost of pipes decreased by 9.75%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Linear programming
• Gravity-looped networks
• Tented camps
• Water trucking
• Water supplying

Kaynakça

1. 1. Goulter, I.C., Coals, A.V., 1986. Quantitative Approaches to Reliability Assessment in Pipe Networks. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 112(3), 287-301.
2. 2. Alperovits, E., Shamir, U., 1977. Design of Optimal Water Distribution Systems. Water Resources Research. 13(6), 885–900.
3. 3. Ghorbanian, V., Guo, Y., Karney, B., 2016. Field Data–based Methodology for Estimating the Expected Pipe Break Rates of Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 142(10). 04016040-1- 04016040-11.
4. 4. Wang, Y., Zayed, T., Moselhi, O., 2009. Prediction Models for Annual Break Rates of Water Mains. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 23(1), 47-54.
5. 5. Martínez, R., José, Bi., 2010. Cost and Reliability Comparison Between Branched and Looped Water Supply Networks. Journal of Hydro informatics, 12(2), 150-160.
6. 6. Danladi, B., Alayande, W., Otun, J., Ismail, A., 2015. Optimization of the Designed Water Distribution System Using MATLAB. International Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 4(2), 37-44.
7. 7. Gilat, A., 2004. MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications. 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons.
8. 8. Rossman, L, 2000. EPANET User’s Manual. Cincinnati: Environmental Protection Agency.

9. 9. Sphere Association, 2018. The Sphere Handbook: Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response. Fourth edition, Geneva, Switzerland.
10. 10.WHO (World Health Organization). Website: www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/emergencies/WHO_TN_09_How_much_water_is_needed.pdf?ua=1, 2009.
11. 11.UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). Website: http://wash.unhcr.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/06/1.-Briefing-Noteon-Water-Trucking-in-Refugee-Settings- UNHCR-2018.pdf., 2018.
12. 12. Friedman, M., Kirmeyer, G., Lemieux, J., LeChevallier, M., Seidl, S., Routt, J., 2020. Criteria for optimized distribution systems. Water Research Foundation, 106(11), 503-514.
13. 13. Ghorbanian, V., Karney, B., Guo, Yi., 2016ç Pressure Standards in Water DistributionSystems: Reflection on Current Practice with Consideration of Some Unresolved Issues. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 142(8), 04016023-1-04016023-8.
14. 14. Akdoğan, T., 2005. Design of Water Distribution System by Optimization Using Reliability Considerations, Doctoral Dissertation, Middle East Technical University, 104.