Esnek Üretim Sistemlerinin Dinamik Çizelgelenmesi için Çoklu Etmen Yaklaşımı ve Yönlendirme Kurallarının Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Üretim ortamlarında, makineler ve otomatik yönlendirmeli araçlar gibi sistem öğelerinin kontrol edilmesi zor olabilmektedir. Etmen tabanlı sistemler, üretim ortamlarında iş kesintileri, makine arızaları gibi dinamik olaylar meydana geldiğinde operasyonları yönetmek için etkili yöntemler sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Çoklu Etmen Sistemi (MAS) mimarisi aracılığıyla esnek bir üretim sistemindeki AGV’lerin ve makinelerin dinamik çizelgeleme problemine uygulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçları literatürde yaygın olarak kullanılan yönlendirme kurallarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Çoklu etmen tabanlı yaklaşımlar dağıtılmış, stokastik, sürekli ve yüksek hesaplama karmaşıklığına sahiptir. Etmenler arasında yapılan müzakereler ve teklif verme sonucunda uygun çizelgeler ortaya çıkar. Literatürden alınan bir vaka çalışması etmen mimarisine uygulanmış ve çevrimiçi çizelgeleme kuralları (yönlendirme/sevk kuralları) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, MAS gerçek zamanlı olarak iyi çizelgeler üretebildiği ve makespan performans metriği açısından yaygın olarak kullanılan yönlendirme kuralları ile karşılaştırılabilir olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Etmen-tabanlı sistemler
• Esnek üretim
• Çizelgeleme
• Simülasyon
• Yönlendirme kuralları

Comparison of Multi-Agent Approach and Dispatching Rules for Dynamic Scheduling of Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Öz

In production environments, controlling system elements such as machines and automated guided vehicles can be challenging. Agent-based systems provide effective methods for managing operations when such dynamic events occur, such as job interruptions in production environments, machine breakdowns. Through a Multi-Agent System (MAS) architecture, this study attempts to solve the dynamic scheduling problem of AGVs and machines in a flexible manufacturing system, and compares it to dispatching rules commonly used in the literature. Multi-agent-based approaches are distributed, stochastic, continuous, and have high computational complexity. As a result of negotiations and bidding among agents, appropriate schedules emerge. A case study taken from the literature is applied to the architecture and compared to online scheduling rules (dispatching rules). Based on the results, it was found that the MAS is capable of generating good schedules in terms of makespan performance criteria in real time and is comparable to commonly used dispatching rules in terms of performance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multi-agent system
• Flexible manufacturing
• Scheduling
• Simulation
• Dispatching rules

Kaynakça

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