Türkiye'nin Yeşil Ekonomi Girişimi: Hidrojen Enerjisinin Deneysel Bir Değerlendirmesi

Öz

Yeşil ekonomi, çevreye zarar vermeyen, sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümeyi hedefleyen bir kavramdır. Karbon ayak izi azaltılması yeşil ekonomi için önemli bir araçtır. Karbon ayak izi azaltılmasının yeşil ekonomiye katkısı, ekonomik faaliyetlerin çevreye olan etkisini ölçerek, yeşil ekonomi uygulamalarının geliştirilmesine yol göstermesidir. Yeşil ekonomi uygulamaları sayesinde, karbon ayak izi azaltılabilir, çevre dostu üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıkları yaygınlaştırılabilir ve doğal kaynakların daha verimli kullanılması sağlanabilir. Türkiye, karbon ayak izi açısından dünya genelinde orta düzeyde bir konumda yer almaktadır. 2019 yılı itibariyle Türkiye'nin karbon ayak izi, 370 milyon ton karbondioksit (CO2) eşdeğeri olarak hesaplanmıştır. Türkiye'nin en büyük karbon ayak izi kaynakları arasında enerji sektörü, endüstriyel faaliyetler, ulaşım ve tarım sektörleri yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin yeşil ekonomiye geçiş sürecinde karbon ayak izinin azaltılması için hidrojen gazı üretimin değerlendirilmesi ele alınmıştır. Alkali elektroliz sistemiyle hidrojen gazı üretiminde kullanılan katot elektrot üretimi ve değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada literatürde ilk kez üretilen, geçiş metali ihtiva eden, ucuz ve ulaşılabilir katot malzemesi kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla nikel köpük elektrot yüzeyinden nikel (Ni); demir (Fe) ve molibden (Mo) üçlü kaplama oluşturulmuştur ve farklı potansiyellerde (2,1 V – 3 V), farklı sürelerde (5-30 dak) iki elektrot tekniğiyle hidrojen gazı üretimi sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre üretilen elektrotun birim yüzeyi (m2) başına 30 dakika süresince oluşturulan hidrojen gazı yaklaşık 516 L iken alt ısıl değerine (LHV) göre belirlenen enerji değeri ise 5533,2 kJ/kg H2’dir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeşil ekonomi
• Alkali elektroliz
• Hidrojen
• Karbon ayakizi

Turkey's Green Economy Initiative: An Experimental Evaluation of Hydrogen Energy

Öz

Green economy is a concept that aims to achieve sustainable economic growth without harming the environment. Reducing carbon footprint is an important tool for the green economy. The contribution of reducing carbon footprint to the green economy is to measure the impact of economic activities on the environment and guide the development of green economy practices. Through green economy practices, carbon footprint can be reduced, environmentally friendly production and consumption habits can be promoted, and natural resources can be used more efficiently. Turkey is in a moderate position in terms of carbon footprint worldwide. As of 2019, Turkey's carbon footprint was calculated as 370 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent. The energy sector, industrial activities, transportation and agriculture sectors are among the largest sources of carbon footprint in Turkey. In this study, the evaluation of hydrogen gas production for reducing carbon footprint during Turkey's transition to the green economy is discussed. The production and evaluation of the cathode electrode used in hydrogen gas production with the alkaline electrolysis system were conducted. For this purpose, a novel, cheap and accessible cathode material containing transition metal was used for the first time in the literature, which was produced by a triple coating of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), and molybdenum (Mo) on a nickel foam electrode surface at different potentials (2.1 V - 3 V) and different times (5-30 minutes) with two electrode techniques to produce hydrogen gas. According to the results, the amount of hydrogen gas produced per unit surface area (m2) of the electrode during a 30-minute period was approximately 516 L, and the energy value determined by the Lower Heating Value (LHV) was 5533.2 kJ/kg H2.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Green economy
• Alkaline electrolysis
• Hydrogen
• Carbon footprint

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