Eşit Kanallı Açısal Presleme Yönteminde Kanal Açılarının ve İç Köşe Kavisinin Deformasyona Etkisinin Sonlu Elemanlar Metodu ile İncelenmesi

Öz

Aşırı plastik deformasyona maruz bırakılma işlemi, malzemenin mekanik özelliklerini geliştirmek amacıyla ultra ince tanelerin oluşturulmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Aşırı plastik deformasyon yöntemlerinden biri olan Eşit Kanallı Açısal Presleme (EKAP) yöntemi de malzeme kesitinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadan, malzemenin kayma gerilmelerine maruz kalması sonucu mekanik özelliklerin iyileşmesine imkân sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemle malzemelerin mekanik özelliklerin daha da artması hem işlem parametrelerine ve hem de işlem parametrelerinin optimizasyonuna bağlıdır. Özellikle, malzemenin kanal içerisinden geçişi sırasında kalıp açıları kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu açılar, uygulanacak olan kuvvet ve deformasyon miktarı üzerinde doğrudan etkilidir. Deneysel süreç başlamadan malzemede meydana gelebilecek deformasyonu önceden tahmin etmek sürecin doğru ilerlemesi açısından çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada tane boyutu üzerinde en etkili parametrelerden olan kanal açısı, dış kavis açısı ve iç köşe kavis değeri dikkate alınmıştır. Kanal açısı (Φ) 90o ve 120o, dış kavis açısı (ψ) 0o ve 20o, iç köşe kavis değerleri ise 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mm olarak alınmıştır. Kalıp ile numune arasındaki temas şekli, sürtünmesiz olarak kabul edilerek numunenin uğradığı deformasyon miktarı tespit edilmiş ve gerekli olan kuvvet değeri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre en yüksek gerilme değeri Φ=90o, ψ=20o ve r=0 mm olan modelde gözlenmiştir. Kanal açısının artırılması kuvvet değerini azaltırken deformasyon miktarını da düşürmektedir. İç köşe kavis değerinin artması Φ=90o kanal açısı için gerilme değerlerinde önemli değişiklikler göstermesine rağmen Φ=120o kanal açısı için kayda değer değişiklikler gözlenmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eşit kanallı açısal presleme (EKAP)
• Sonlu elemanlar modeli (SEM)
• Aşırı plastik deformasyon (APD)
• Mekanik özellikler

Investigation of the Effect of Channel Angles and Corner Radius on Deformation in Equal Channel Angular Pressing Method by Finite Element Method

Öz

The process of subjecting to severe plastic deformation enables the formation of ultra-fine grains in order to enhance the mechanical properties of the material. Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), which is one of the methods of extreme plastic deformation, is a technique that allows the improvement of mechanical properties by subjecting the material to shear stresses without any change in the material cross-section. The improvement of mechanical properties in materials through this method is dependent on both the process parameters and the optimization of these parameters. In particular, the die angles are of critical importance during the passage of the material through the channel. These angles directly influence the applied force and the amount of deformation that will occur. Predicting the deformation that may occur in the material prior to the start of the experimental process is crucial for the proper progression of the process. In this study, the channel angle, outer corner angle, and inner corner radius value, which are among the most influential parameters on grain size, have been taken into account. The channel angle (Φ) has been set to 900 and 1200, the outer corner angle (ψ) to 00 and 200, and the inner corner radius values to 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mm. The contact between the die and the sample is assumed to be frictionless, and the amount of deformation undergone by the sample has been determined, and the required force value has been calculated. According to the obtained data, the highest stress value was observed in the model with Φ=900, ψ=200, and r=0 mm. Increasing the channel angle reduces the force value while also decreasing the amount of deformation. Increasing the inner corner radius value results in significant changes in stress values for the Φ=900 channel angle, but no significant changes were observed for the Φ=1200 channel angle.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)
• Finite element analysis (FEM)
• Severe plastic deformation (SPD)
• Mechanical properties

Kaynakça

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