Acoustic Response of Aerogel Fiber Nonwovens: The Contribution of Fiber Crimp

Öz

This study investigates the impact of fiber crimp on the acoustic performance of nonwoven structures fabricated from aerogel fibers. Aerogel fibers were produced via wet spinning followed by supercritical CO₂ drying, then either uncrimped or thermally crimped. These fibers were blended with polypropylene, carded into webs, and consolidated through needle punching. The sound absorption of the nonwovens was evaluated using an impedance tube across a wide frequency range. Crimping led to a modest yet notable increase in absorption, particularly at higher frequencies, due to increased bulk, porosity, and fiber entanglement. Double-layered samples further showed superior performance over a broader frequency spectrum, underscoring the combined effects of fiber morphology and layer architecture. These insights provide guidance for developing lightweight porous composites for noise reduction applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aerogel fibers
• sound insulation
• acoustic nonwovens
• Fiber crimp
• Acoustic textiles

Aerogel Liflerinden Elde Edilen Dokusuz Yüzey Yapıların Akustik Tepkisi: Lif Kıvrımının Katkısı

Öz

Bu çalışma, aerogel liflerinden üretilen dokusuz yüzey yapıların akustik performansı üzerinde lif kıvrımının etkisini araştırmaktadır. Aerogel lifleri, ıslak eğirme ve ardından süperkritik CO₂ kurutma yoluyla üretilmiş, ardından termal kıvrıma tabi tutulmuştur. Bu lifler polipropilen ile karıştırılmış, tülbent halinde taranmış ve iğneleme yoluyla sabitlenmiştir. Elde edilen dokusuz yüzeylerin ses emilim özellikleri, geniş bir frekans aralığında bir empedans tüpü kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, aerogel liflere verilen kıvrımın, özellikle daha yüksek frekanslarda, ses emilim katsayısında dikkate değer bir artışa yol açtığını göstermektedir. Bu iyileşme, hava akış direncini ve ses enerjisi dağılımı için kullanılabilir yüzey alanını artıran bir hacme ve gelişmiş gözenekliğin oluştuğuna işarat etmektedir. Ayrıca, çift katmanlı numuneler, daha geniş bir frekans spektrumunda önemli ölçüde üstün akustik performans göstererek, lif morfolojisi ve katman mimarisinin sinerjik etkilerinin altını çizmiştir. Bu bilgiler, gürültü azaltma uygulamalarına yönelik gelişmiş hafif gözenekli kompozitlerin geliştirilmesi için yol gösterici olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aerogel lifi
• Akustik dokusuz yüzeyler
• Ses Yalıtımı
• Lif kıvrımı
• Akustik tekstiller

Kaynakça

1. 1. Floud, S., Blangiardo, M. & Clark, C. (2013). Exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise and associations with heart disease and stroke in six European countries: A cross-sectional study. Environmental Health, 12, 89.
2. 2. Eulalia, P. (2020). Noise pollution is a major problem, both for human health and the environment.
3. 3. Sordello, R., Ratel, O. & Flamerie De Lachapelle, F. (2020). Evidence of the impact of noise pollution on biodiversity: A systematic map. Environmental Evidence, 9, 20.
4. 4. Moszynski, P. (2011) WHO warns noise pollution is a growing hazard to health in Europe. BMJ, 342, d2114.
5. 5. Ahmed, S.S. & Gadelmoula, A.M. (2022). Industrial noise monitoring using noise mapping technique: A case study on a concrete block-making factory. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19, 851-862.
6. 6. Lokhande, S.K., Garg, N., Jain, M.C. & Rayalu, S. (2022). Evaluation and analysis of firecrackers noise: Measurement uncertainty, legal noise regulations and noise-induced hearing loss. Applied Acoustics, 186, 108462.
7. 7. Yang, S. & Yu, W.D. (2011). Air permeability and acoustic absorbing behavior of nonwovens. Journal of Fiber Bioengineering, 3, 203-207.
8. 8. Zwikker, C. & Kosten, C.W. (1949). Sound absorbing materials. Elsevier Publishing.

9. 9. Kazragis, A., Gailius, A. & Jukneviciute, A. (2002). Thermal and acoustical insulating materials containing mineral and polymeric binders with cellulose fillers. Materials Science, 8, 193-195.
10. 10. Das, A. & Alagirusamy, R. (2010) Thermal transmission. In A. Das, R. Alagirusamy (Eds.), Science in clothing comfort, 79-105. Woodhead Publishing.
11. 11. Maity, S. (2014). Characteristics and effects of fibre crimp in nonwoven structure. Journal of the Textile Association, 76(6), 360-366
12. 12. Bauer-Kurz, I. (2000). Fiber crimp and crimp stability in nonwoven fabric process. Doctoral thesis, NCSU Libr., No. 11.
13. 13. Hamza, H., ElHadi, H. & Mansour, R. (2018). Physico-chemical and mechanical characterization of jute fabrics for civil engineering applications. Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, 18(1), 129-147.
14. 14. Stig, F. & Hallström, S. (2019). Effects of crimp and textile architecture on the stiffness and strength of composites with 3D reinforcement. Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, 1-8.
15. 15. Itoh, M. & Komori, T. (1991). An extension of the theory of the deformation of fiber assemblies. Sen’i Gakkaishi, 47(11), 563-572.
16. 16. Ban, E., Barocas, V.H., Shephard, M.S. & Picu, C.R. (2016). Effect of fiber crimp on the elasticity of random fiber networks with and without embedding matrices. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 83(4), 1-7.
17. 17. Avcıoğlu-Kalebek, N. (2016). Sound absorbing polyester recycled nonwovens for the automotive industry. Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe, 24.
18. 18. Ibrahim, M.A. & Melik, R.W. (1978). Physical parameters affecting acoustic absorption characteristics of fibrous materials. Proceedings of the Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt, 46.
19. 19. Fahy, F. & Walker, J.G. (1998). Fundamentals of noise and vibration. E & FN Spon.
20. 20. Ver, I.L. & Beranek, L.L. (2006). Noise and vibration control engineering: Principles and applications (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
21. 21. Koizumi, T., Takanashi, Y. & Adachi, A. (2018). Sound absorption properties of nonwoven fabrics produced from micro-denier fibers. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 47(4), 1011-1024.
22. 22. Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.W. & Kim, J.H. (2021). Effect of polyester fiber diameter reduction to 1.25 dpf on airflow resistance and sound absorption properties of nonwoven fabrics. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 50(3), 456-467.
23. 23. Payen, J., Vroman, P., Lewandowski, M., Perwuelz, A., Callé-Chazelet, S. & Thomas, D. (2012). Influence of fiber diameter, fiber combinations and solid volume fraction on air filtration properties in nonwovens. Textile Research Journal, 82(19), 1948-1959.
24. 24. Barker, R.L. & Heniford, R.C. (2011). Factors affecting the thermal insulation and abrasion resistance of heat resistant hydro-entangled nonwoven batting materials for use in firefighter turnout suit thermal liner systems. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 6(1), 1-10.
25. 25. Koç, E. & Çinçik, E. (2012.) An analysis on abrasion resistance of polyester-/viscose-blended needle-punched nonwovens. The Journal of the Textile Institute, 852-860.
26. 26. Kang, T.J., Kim, S.M. & Yoo, C.H. (2012). Acoustic absorption properties of nonwoven fabrics with various fiber shapes and orientations. Textile Research Journal, 82(14), 1472-1483.
27. 27. Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.W. & Kim, J.H. (2005). Sound absorption characteristics of nonwoven fabrics with recycled polyester fibers. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 34(4), 271-285.
28. 28. Binici, H., Küçükönder, A., Eken, M., Sevinç, A.H. ve Tüfenk, N. (2013). Atık kâğıt ve mukavvaların yalıtım malzemesi ve radyasyon tutucu materyal olarak üretiminde kullanılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(1), 21-29.
29. 29. Binici, H., Sevinç, A.H. ve Efe, V. (2015). Atık gazete kâğıdından yalıtım malzemesi üretimi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 13-23.