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Frequency Selective Surface Used as a Band-Stop Filter in Microwave-Powered Combi System

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1 , 55 - 64 , 25.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1778659
https://izlik.org/JA45HH92EX

Öz

Today, heating systems generally use fossil fuels, which are quite inefficient. These systems not only have high energy costs but also emit carbon dioxide. This study proposes a band-stop filter design that allows the use of microwave energy instead of fossil fuels in heating systems. A frequency-selective surface (FSS) with a band-stop filter operating at 2.45 GHz has been designed to prevent microwaves generated in the magnetron from leaking out of the water tank. The design is implemented using a FIT-based simulation program, samples are produced, and measurements are performed using a vector network analyzer.
Simulations and measurements are conducted in both free space and a water-filled environment. The numerical and measured values of the transmission coefficient (S_21) in water are obtained as -17.29 dB and -32.1 dB, respectively. The agreement and consistency between the measured results and the full-wave simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the completely original design in this study.

Etik Beyan

This study has been prepared from the master's thesis titled "Household heating device working with microwave energy" submitted by Faruk Özyurt under the supervision of Prof. Emin ÜNAL on 24.06.2024.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Akhan, H. (2023). Energy management practices for improving energy efficiency in industries: Furnace, steam boiler, HVAC, and cooling systems. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 195-210.
  • 2. Duman A.A. ve Sağbaş, A. (2020). Türkiye’nin enerji verimliliği ve iklim değişikliği performansı: Mevcut durum ve gelecek projeksiyonu. Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 7-26.
  • 3. Güldürek, M. (2025). Sustainable energy and Turkey: The role of geothermal energy and energy planning. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 239-249.
  • 4. Özbek, S. ve Naimoglu, M. (2021). Enerji verimliliğinin dinamikleri: Var analizi ile Türkiye üzerine ampirik bir çalışma. 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 314-326.
  • 5. Akkoyunlu, M.T., Polat, E., Özkılıçaslan, R., Keleş, V., Abdellatif, Y. ve Samancı, A. (2024). Güneş enerji santralinin temizlik sonrası üretim verilerinin incelenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(3), 583-591.
  • 6. Kıymaz, Y.E. & Oğuz, H. (2024). Assessment of electricity generation using deep learning on solar power plants. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2), 289-311.
  • 7. Hançer G.E. ve Özen, D.N. (2024). Jeotermal temelli bir organik rankine çevriminin eksergo-ekonomik analizi. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2), 312-335.
  • 8. Dilmaç, S. & Kesen, N. (2003). A comparison of new Turkish thermal insulation in building. Energy and Buildings, 35(2), 161-174.
  • 9. Anwar, R.S., Mao, L. & Ning, H. (2018). Frequency selective surfaces: A review. Applied Sciences, 8(9), 1689.
  • 10. Tanaka, M. & Sato, M. (2007). Microwave heating of water, ice and saline solution: Molecular dynamics study. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 126(3), 34509.
  • 11. Sousa, M.E.T., Da Silva, B.S., Andrade, H.D. & Da Silva, M.W.B. (2023). A complementary frequency selective surface with tri-band frequency response for applications in Wi-Fi and 5G. Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 38(1), 189-197.
  • 12. Munk, B.A. (2000). Frequency selective surface: Theory and design. Wiley.
  • 13. Wu, T.K. (1995). Frequency selective surfaces and grid array. Wiley.
  • 14. Mittra, R., Chan, C.H. & Cwik, T. (1988). Techniques for analyzing frequency selective surfaces-A review. Proceedings of the IEEE, 76(12), 1593-1615.
  • 15. Rashid, A.K. & Shen, Z.A. (2010). Novel band-reject frequency selective surface with pseudo-elliptic response. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 58, 1220-1226.
  • 16. Ma, Y., Yuan, Y., Wang, D., Shi, Q. & Yuan, N. (2019). A way to design the miniaturized dual-stopbands FSS based on the topology structure. IEEE Access, 7, 156536-156543.
  • 17. Ud Din, I., Alibakhshikenari, M., Virdee, B.S., Jayanthi, R.K.R., Ullah, S., Khan, S., See, C.H., Golunski, L. & Koziel, S. (2023). Frequency selective surface-based MIMO antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave applications. Sensors, 23(15), 7009.
  • 18. Tamoor, T., Ahmed, F., Qasim A.S.M., Hassan, T. & Shoaib, N. (2020). An FSS based stop band filter for EM shielding application. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Rome, 1-3.
  • 19. Shengli, J., Bingzheng, X. & Ting, Z. (2020). Design of A 3-D band-stop FSS with high selectivity. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET), Chengdu, 6-10.
  • 20. Montejo-Garai, J.R., Page, J.E., Perez-Palomino, G. & Guirado, R. (2024). Band-stop frequency-selective surface (FSS) with elliptic response designed by the extracted pole technique. Sensors, 24(14), 4452.
  • 21. Zhu, J., Wang, Q. & Jin, M. (2024). High-order wideband band-pass miniaturized frequency-selective surface with enhanced equivalent inductance. Electronics, 13(5), 925.
  • 22. Li, Z., Weng, X., Yi, X., Li, K., Duan, W. & Bi, M. (2024). A broadband second‑order bandpass frequency selective surface for microwave and millimeter wave application. Sci. Reports, 14, 12040.
  • 23. Pascarella, F., Brizi, D. & Monorchio, A. (2025). An ultra thin wide band angularly stable frequency selective surface bandpass filter for S-C band coverage. Appl. Sci., 15(9), 4887.
  • 24. Dahima, V., Mishra, R. & Kapoor, A. (2025). Dual-band single-layered frequency selective surface filter for LTE band with angular stability. Telecom, 6, 18.
  • 25. Altıntaş, O. (2021). A bandpass frequency selective surface filter for earth observation satellite and radar applications. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(4), 1033-1040.
  • 26. Yong, W.Y. & Glazunov, A.A. (2023). Miniaturization of a fully metallic bandpass frequency selective surface for millimeter-wave band applications. IEEE Transactıons on Electromagnetic Compability, 65(4), 1072-1080.
  • 27. Tariq, M.H. & Zahid, M.N. (2023). Design and performance analysis of band pass filter using frequency selective surface for 5G communication. Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation, 23(16), 15-22.
  • 28. Kapoor, A., Mishra, R. & Ku, P. (2022). Frequency selective surfaces as spatial filters: Fundamentals, analysis and applications. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61, 4263-4293.
  • 29. Lundgren, J., Zetterstrom, O., Mesa, F., Fonseca, N.J. & Teruel, O.Q. (2021). Fully metallic dual-band linear-to-circular polarizer for K/K a-band. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 20(11), 2191-2195.
  • 30. Lin, B.Q., Huang, W.Z., Guo, J.X., Liu, Z., Wang, Y.W. & Ye, H.J. (2023). A band-pass frequency selective surface with polarization rotation. Chin. Phys. B, (2), 024204.
  • 31. Ünal, E., Gökcen, A. & Kutlu, Y. (2006). Effective electromagnetic shielding. IEEE Microwave Mag., 7(4), 48-54.
  • 32. De Sabata, A., Matekovits, L., Buta, A., Dassano, G. & Silaghi, A. (2022). Frequency selective surface for UWB filtering and shielding. Sensors, 22(5), 1896.
  • 33. Ghosh, J., Dutta,R., Sarkhel, A. & Abbasi, O.H. (2022). Design of miniaturize flexible wideband frequency selective surface for electromagnetic shielding application. Waves in Random and Complex Media, 11249-11269.
  • 34. Sivasamy, R. & Kanagasabai, M. (2017). Novel reconfigurable 3-D frequency selective surface. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, (99), 1-5.
  • 35. Liu, X., Tan, W., Shen, Z. & Jin, C. (2020). Integrated frequency selective surface and antenna printed on a transparent substrate. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 19(12), 2062-2066.
  • 36. Murugan, J.T., Sureshkumar, T.R., Salil, P. & Venkatesh, C. (2015). Dual frequency selective transparent front doors for microwave oven with different opening areas. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 52, 11-16.
  • 37. Varikuntla, K.K. & Singaravelu, R. (2019). Design of SIW cavity models to control the bandwidth of frequency selective surface. IET Microwave Antennas Propag., 13(14), 2515-2524.
  • 38. Özyurt, F. (2024). Mikrodalga enerjisi ile çalışan ev tipi ısıtma cihazı. Yüksek lisans tezi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.

Mikrodalga Kombi Sisteminde Bant Durduran Filtre Olarak Kullanılan Frekans Seçici Yüzey

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1 , 55 - 64 , 25.03.2026
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1778659
https://izlik.org/JA45HH92EX

Öz

Günümüzde, ısıtma sistemlerinde, genellikle verimi oldukça düşük olan fosil yakıtlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu sistemler yüksek enerji maliyetinin yanında, dışarıya karbondioksit salımı da yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ısıtma sistemlerinde fosil yakıtlar yerine mikrodalga enerjisinin kullanımına imkan veren bir bant durduran filtre tasarımı önerilmektedir. Magnetronda üretilen mikrodalganın su tankı dışına sızıntısının engellenmesi için 2,45 GHz’de çalışan, bant durduran filtre özellikli frekans seçici yüzey (FSS) tasarlanmıştır. Tasarım FIT tabanlı bir simülasyon programı ile gerçekleştirilmiş, numuneler üretilmiş ve ölçümleri vektör ağ analizörü kullanılarak yapılmıştır.
Simülasyon ve ölçümler hem boşlukta, hem de su dolu ortamda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Su içerisindeki iletim katsayısının (S_21) sayısal ve ölçülen değerleri sırasıyla -17,29 dB ve -32,1 dB olarak elde edilmiştir. Ölçülen sonuçlar ile tam dalga simülasyon sonuçları arasında elde edilen uyum ve tutarlılık bu çalışmada, tamamen özgün olan tasarımın etkinliğini doğrulamaktadır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, 24.06.2024 tarihinde Prof. Emin ÜNAL danışmanlığında, Faruk Özyurt tarafından sunulan "Mikrodalga enerjisi ile çalışan ev tipi ısıtma cihazı" başlıklı yüksek lisans tezinden hazırlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Akhan, H. (2023). Energy management practices for improving energy efficiency in industries: Furnace, steam boiler, HVAC, and cooling systems. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(1), 195-210.
  • 2. Duman A.A. ve Sağbaş, A. (2020). Türkiye’nin enerji verimliliği ve iklim değişikliği performansı: Mevcut durum ve gelecek projeksiyonu. Verimlilik Dergisi, 1, 7-26.
  • 3. Güldürek, M. (2025). Sustainable energy and Turkey: The role of geothermal energy and energy planning. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(1), 239-249.
  • 4. Özbek, S. ve Naimoglu, M. (2021). Enerji verimliliğinin dinamikleri: Var analizi ile Türkiye üzerine ampirik bir çalışma. 19 Mayıs Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 314-326.
  • 5. Akkoyunlu, M.T., Polat, E., Özkılıçaslan, R., Keleş, V., Abdellatif, Y. ve Samancı, A. (2024). Güneş enerji santralinin temizlik sonrası üretim verilerinin incelenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(3), 583-591.
  • 6. Kıymaz, Y.E. & Oğuz, H. (2024). Assessment of electricity generation using deep learning on solar power plants. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2), 289-311.
  • 7. Hançer G.E. ve Özen, D.N. (2024). Jeotermal temelli bir organik rankine çevriminin eksergo-ekonomik analizi. Necmettin Erbakan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2), 312-335.
  • 8. Dilmaç, S. & Kesen, N. (2003). A comparison of new Turkish thermal insulation in building. Energy and Buildings, 35(2), 161-174.
  • 9. Anwar, R.S., Mao, L. & Ning, H. (2018). Frequency selective surfaces: A review. Applied Sciences, 8(9), 1689.
  • 10. Tanaka, M. & Sato, M. (2007). Microwave heating of water, ice and saline solution: Molecular dynamics study. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 126(3), 34509.
  • 11. Sousa, M.E.T., Da Silva, B.S., Andrade, H.D. & Da Silva, M.W.B. (2023). A complementary frequency selective surface with tri-band frequency response for applications in Wi-Fi and 5G. Journal of Communication and Information Systems, 38(1), 189-197.
  • 12. Munk, B.A. (2000). Frequency selective surface: Theory and design. Wiley.
  • 13. Wu, T.K. (1995). Frequency selective surfaces and grid array. Wiley.
  • 14. Mittra, R., Chan, C.H. & Cwik, T. (1988). Techniques for analyzing frequency selective surfaces-A review. Proceedings of the IEEE, 76(12), 1593-1615.
  • 15. Rashid, A.K. & Shen, Z.A. (2010). Novel band-reject frequency selective surface with pseudo-elliptic response. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 58, 1220-1226.
  • 16. Ma, Y., Yuan, Y., Wang, D., Shi, Q. & Yuan, N. (2019). A way to design the miniaturized dual-stopbands FSS based on the topology structure. IEEE Access, 7, 156536-156543.
  • 17. Ud Din, I., Alibakhshikenari, M., Virdee, B.S., Jayanthi, R.K.R., Ullah, S., Khan, S., See, C.H., Golunski, L. & Koziel, S. (2023). Frequency selective surface-based MIMO antenna array for 5G millimeter-wave applications. Sensors, 23(15), 7009.
  • 18. Tamoor, T., Ahmed, F., Qasim A.S.M., Hassan, T. & Shoaib, N. (2020). An FSS based stop band filter for EM shielding application. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Rome, 1-3.
  • 19. Shengli, J., Bingzheng, X. & Ting, Z. (2020). Design of A 3-D band-stop FSS with high selectivity. In Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET), Chengdu, 6-10.
  • 20. Montejo-Garai, J.R., Page, J.E., Perez-Palomino, G. & Guirado, R. (2024). Band-stop frequency-selective surface (FSS) with elliptic response designed by the extracted pole technique. Sensors, 24(14), 4452.
  • 21. Zhu, J., Wang, Q. & Jin, M. (2024). High-order wideband band-pass miniaturized frequency-selective surface with enhanced equivalent inductance. Electronics, 13(5), 925.
  • 22. Li, Z., Weng, X., Yi, X., Li, K., Duan, W. & Bi, M. (2024). A broadband second‑order bandpass frequency selective surface for microwave and millimeter wave application. Sci. Reports, 14, 12040.
  • 23. Pascarella, F., Brizi, D. & Monorchio, A. (2025). An ultra thin wide band angularly stable frequency selective surface bandpass filter for S-C band coverage. Appl. Sci., 15(9), 4887.
  • 24. Dahima, V., Mishra, R. & Kapoor, A. (2025). Dual-band single-layered frequency selective surface filter for LTE band with angular stability. Telecom, 6, 18.
  • 25. Altıntaş, O. (2021). A bandpass frequency selective surface filter for earth observation satellite and radar applications. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(4), 1033-1040.
  • 26. Yong, W.Y. & Glazunov, A.A. (2023). Miniaturization of a fully metallic bandpass frequency selective surface for millimeter-wave band applications. IEEE Transactıons on Electromagnetic Compability, 65(4), 1072-1080.
  • 27. Tariq, M.H. & Zahid, M.N. (2023). Design and performance analysis of band pass filter using frequency selective surface for 5G communication. Proceedings of Engineering and Technology Innovation, 23(16), 15-22.
  • 28. Kapoor, A., Mishra, R. & Ku, P. (2022). Frequency selective surfaces as spatial filters: Fundamentals, analysis and applications. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61, 4263-4293.
  • 29. Lundgren, J., Zetterstrom, O., Mesa, F., Fonseca, N.J. & Teruel, O.Q. (2021). Fully metallic dual-band linear-to-circular polarizer for K/K a-band. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 20(11), 2191-2195.
  • 30. Lin, B.Q., Huang, W.Z., Guo, J.X., Liu, Z., Wang, Y.W. & Ye, H.J. (2023). A band-pass frequency selective surface with polarization rotation. Chin. Phys. B, (2), 024204.
  • 31. Ünal, E., Gökcen, A. & Kutlu, Y. (2006). Effective electromagnetic shielding. IEEE Microwave Mag., 7(4), 48-54.
  • 32. De Sabata, A., Matekovits, L., Buta, A., Dassano, G. & Silaghi, A. (2022). Frequency selective surface for UWB filtering and shielding. Sensors, 22(5), 1896.
  • 33. Ghosh, J., Dutta,R., Sarkhel, A. & Abbasi, O.H. (2022). Design of miniaturize flexible wideband frequency selective surface for electromagnetic shielding application. Waves in Random and Complex Media, 11249-11269.
  • 34. Sivasamy, R. & Kanagasabai, M. (2017). Novel reconfigurable 3-D frequency selective surface. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, (99), 1-5.
  • 35. Liu, X., Tan, W., Shen, Z. & Jin, C. (2020). Integrated frequency selective surface and antenna printed on a transparent substrate. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 19(12), 2062-2066.
  • 36. Murugan, J.T., Sureshkumar, T.R., Salil, P. & Venkatesh, C. (2015). Dual frequency selective transparent front doors for microwave oven with different opening areas. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 52, 11-16.
  • 37. Varikuntla, K.K. & Singaravelu, R. (2019). Design of SIW cavity models to control the bandwidth of frequency selective surface. IET Microwave Antennas Propag., 13(14), 2515-2524.
  • 38. Özyurt, F. (2024). Mikrodalga enerjisi ile çalışan ev tipi ısıtma cihazı. Yüksek lisans tezi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik Elektromanyetiği, Radyo Frekansı Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Emin Ünal 0000-0002-4088-8353

Faruk Özyurt 0000-0002-4113-5417

Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1778659
IZ https://izlik.org/JA45HH92EX
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünal, E., & Özyurt, F. (2026). Frequency Selective Surface Used as a Band-Stop Filter in Microwave-Powered Combi System. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 41(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1778659