Yüksek Güçlü, Yüksek Gerilimli Yerleşik EV Şarj Cihazlarında Kullanılan Active-Front-End Doğrultucu Topolojilerinin Performans Kıyaslaması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4, 1041 - 1050, 29.12.2021

Mehmet Uğraş Cuma Murat Mustada Savrun

https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1048344

Cited By: 2

Öz

Üç fazlı şebekeden beslenen Elektrikli araçlarda (EA'lar) ve plug-in hibrit EV'lerde (PHEA'lar) kullanılan yüksek güçlü yerleşik batarya şarj cihazları genellikle AA-DA ve DA-DA olarak iki aşamalı bir yapıdan oluşur. AA-DA aşaması, active-front-end (AFE) olarak da bilinir. AFE, şebeke gerilimini doğrultup, güç faktörünü düzenleyip ve DA-DA dönüştürücüye sabit bir DC-bara gerilimi sağlarken, DA-DA dönüştürücü aşaması, batarya ömrünü uzatmak için şarj algoritmalarını dikkate alarak şarj akımını regüle eder. Bu çalışma, yüksek güçlü yerleşik şarj cihazlarında kullanılabilecek maliyet/performans açısından etkin AFE topolojisinin seçimine odaklanmaktadır. Uygun olan dört farklı AA-DA topolojisi incelenmiştir: (i) 3-fazlı 2-seviyeli doğrultucu, (ii) 3-fazlı, 3-seviyeli nötr nokta-bağlantılı (NPC) doğrultucu, (iii) 3-fazlı, 3-seviye T tipi doğrultucu ve (iv) Viyana doğrultucu. Bu çalışmada, yukarıda bahsedilen AFE topolojileri PLECS/SpeedFit ortamında simüle edilmiş ve verimlilik, kayıplar, sıcaklık, anahtarlama elemanları sayısı, maliyet ve maliyet/verimlilik ölçütleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Söz konusu topolojilerin performans sonuçları farklı çalışma frekansları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, front-end AA-DA dönüştürücü için en uygun topoloji alternatiflerinin 3 fazlı 2 seviyeli PWM doğrultucu ve Viyana doğrultucu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. 3 fazlı 2 seviyeli PWM doğrultucu %12 maliyet avantajı, daha az bileşen ve kontrol kolaylığı avantajları ile üstün olmasına rağmen, toplam harmonik bozulma açısından Viyana doğrultucunun biraz gerisinde kalmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Araçüstü batarya şarj cihazı, Elektrikli araç, Fişli, Active-front-end, Doğrultucu

Performance Benchmarking of Active-Front-End Rectifier Topologies Used in High-Power, High-Voltage Onboard EV Chargers

Öz

High power onboard battery chargers employed in electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) fed from three-phase mains typically consist of a two-stage structure as AC-DC and DC-DC stages. The AC-DC stage is also known as the active front end (AFE). While the AFE rectifies the mains voltage, maintains the power factor, and provides a constant DC-link voltage to the DC-DC converter, the DC-DC converter stage regulates the charging current considering the charging algorithms in order to extend the battery service life. This study focuses on the selection of cost/performance effective AFE topology that can be used in high power onboard chargers. Four different suitable AC-DC topologies are investigated: (i) 3-phase 2-level rectifier, (ii) 3-phase, 3-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) rectifier, (iii) 3-phase, 3-level T-type rectifier, and (iv) Vienna rectifier. In this study, the aforementioned AFE topologies have been simulated on the PLECS/SpeedFit environment and compared in terms of efficiency, losses, temperature, the number of switching elements, cost and cost/efficiency metrics. The performance results of the aforementioned topologies have been evaluated under different operating frequencies. The results reveal that the most suitable topology alternatives for the front-end AC-DC converter are 3-phase 2-level PWM rectifier and Vienna rectifier. Although the 3-phase 2-level PWM rectifier is superior with its 12% cost advantage, fewer components, and ease of control advantages, it lags a little behind the Vienna rectifier in terms of total harmonic distortion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Onboard battery charger, Electric vehicle, Plug-in, Active front end, rectifier

Kaynakça

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