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Friction and Wear Behavior of High-Silicon Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron Truck Brake Discs

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4, 1023 - 1034, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1410373

Öz

In this study, the chemical compositions of high-silicon lamellar graphite cast irons commonly used in truck brake discs and the effects of applied heat treatments on their friction and wear behaviors were investigated. For this purpose, samples with two different chemical compositions (first with 2.43 C and 4.5 Si; second with 2.5 C and 4.2 Si) were produced, and homogenization annealing was applied at 900°C for 30, 45, and 60 minutes followed by air cooling. Hardness, tensile testing, and wear testing were performed on the heat-treated samples. Wear tests were conducted at room temperature and dry sliding conditions (20 N load, 250 mm sliding distance, and 200 mm/min sliding speed) using a ball-on-disk wear apparatus against 52100 bearing steel. The increase in homogenization heat treatment time resulted in an increase in hardness and tensile strength values for both lamellar graphite cast iron grades. The wear test results indicated that both the chemical composition and the duration of applied heat treatment influenced the friction coefficient and wear volume losses. Since high friction coefficient and low wear volume losses are desired in brake discs, it was determined that the best result among the compared samples was achieved in the sample produced with a chemical composition of 2.5 C and 4.2 Si, and then homogenized at 900°C for 30 minutes.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ertuğrul, O., Güzelipek, O., Soyusinmez, T., Akdoğan, A.T., Güneş, A.B., 2020. Dökme Demir Malzemelerin Karbür Uçlarla Delme İşleminde Proses Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(1), 251-262.
  • 2. Collini, L., Nicoletto, G., Konečná, R.J.M.S., 2008. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pearlitic Gray Cast Iron, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 488(1-2), 529-539.
  • 3. Herring, D.H., Heat Treatment of Cast Iron. https://industrialheating.com/articles/94644-heat-treatment-of-cast-irons, Access date: 12.05.2023
  • 4. Agunsoye, J.O., Isaac, T.S., Awe, O.I., Onwuegbuzie, A.T., 2013. Effect of Silicon Additions on the Wear Properties of Grey Cast Iron. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 1, 61-67.
  • 5. Angus, H.T., 2013. Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties. Elsevier, 542.
  • 6. Davis, J.R., (Ed.). 1996. ASM Specialty Handbook: Cast Irons. ASM International, 494.
  • 7. Mohamadzadeh, H., Saghafian, H., Kheirandish, S., 2009. Sliding Wear Behavior of a Grey Cast Iron Surface Remelted by TIG. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 25(5), 622-628.
  • 8. Singh, V., 1999. Physical Metallurgy. (1st ed.) Delhi: Globe Offset Press Chapter 11, 608-609.
  • 9. Darmo, S., Setyana, L.D., Tarmono, T., Santoso, N., 2018. The Effects of Silicon on the Hardness and Wear of Ferritic Grey Cast Iron on Shoe Brake of Train. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 384(1), 012017, IOP Publishing.
  • 10. Singhal, P., Saxena, K.K., 2020. Effect of Silicon Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Grey Cast Iron: An Overview, Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 1393-1401.
  • 11. Ünal, E., Yaşar, A., Karahan, İ.H., 2021. Elektrokimyasal Depolama Yöntemi ile AISI 304 Çeliği Yüzeyine Biriktirilen Ni-B/TiB2 Kompozit Kaplamaların Kristal Yapı ve Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(4), 847-860.
  • 12. Stoian, E.V., Bratu, V., Enescu, C.M., Ungureanu, D.N., 2018. Researches Regarding the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Properties of Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron, Scientific Bulletin of 'Valahia' University. Materials and Mechanics, 16(15), 11-16.
  • 13. Stefanescu, D.M., 2017. Classification and Basic Types of Cast Iron, ASM International.
  • 14. Riposan, I., Stan, S., Anca, D., Stefan, E., Stan, I., Chisamera, M., 2023. Structure Characteristics of High Si Ductile Cast Irons. International Journal of Metal Casting, 1-24.
  • 15. Ghasemi, R., 2016. The Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Lamellar and Compacted Irons in Engine Applications. Doctoral Dissertation, Jönköping University, School of Engineering, Jönköping, 94.
  • 16. Wang, G.Q., Liu, Z.L., Li, Y.X., Chen, X., 2022. Different Thermal Fatigue Behaviors between Gray Cast Iron and Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron. China Foundry, 19(3), 245-252.
  • 17. Elliott, R., 1988. Cast Iron Technology. Butterworths, Elsevier Science London, 847.
  • 18. Gunen, A., Ulutan, M., Gok, M.S., Kurt, B., Orhan, N., 2014. Friction and Wear Behavior of Borided AISI 304 Stainless Steel with Nano Particle and Micro Particle Size of Boriding Agents. Journal of the Balkan Tribological Association, 20(3), 362-379.
  • 19. ELSawy, E., El-Hebeary, M.R., El Mahallawi, I.S.E., 2017. Effect of Manganese Silicon and Chromium Additions on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of Grey Cast Iron for Sugar Industries Applications. Wear, 390, 113-124.
  • 20. Ping, L., Bahadur, S., Verhoeven, J.D., 1990. Friction and Wear Behavior of High Silicon Bainitic Structures in Austempered Cast Iron and Steel. Wear, 138(1-2), 269-284.
  • 21. Çetin, M., Gül, F., 2007. Kuru Kayma Şartlarında Matris Yapısının Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirin Sürtünme Katsayısına ve Pim Sıcaklığına Etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3). 273-280.
  • 22. Anderson, A.E.,1992. Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology. ASM Handbook, 8, 569-577.
  • 23. Stachowiak, G., Batchelor, A.W., 2013. Engineering Tribology. Elsevier, 871.
  • 24. Jacuinde, A.B., Rainforth, W.M., 2001. The Wear Behaviour of High-chromium White Cast Irons as a Function of Silicon and Mischmetal Content. Wear, 250(1-12), 449-461.
  • 25. Catalán, N., Ramos-Moore, E., Boccardo, A., Celentano, D., 2022. Surface Laser Treatment of Cast Irons: A Review. Metals, 12(4), 562.
  • 26. Jang, H., Ko, K., 2004. The Effect of Metal Fibers on the Friction Performance of Automotive Brake Friction Materials. Wear, 256, 406-414.
  • 27. Tonghe, Z., Huixing, Z., Ji, H., Xiaoji Yuguang, W., Furong, M., Hong, L., Hanzhang, S., Jianzhong, S., 2000. Industrialization of Mevva Source Ion Implantation. Surface and Coatings Technology, 128-129, 1-8.
  • 28. Günen, A., Kurt, B., Milner, P., Gök, M.S., 2019. Properties and Tribological Performance of Ceramic-base Chromium and Vanadium Carbide Composite Coatings. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 81, 333-344.

Yüksek Silisli Lamel Grafit Dökme Demir Kamyon Fren Disklerinin Sürtünme ve Aşınma Davranışı

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4, 1023 - 1034, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1410373

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kamyon fren disklerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan yüksek silisli lamelli grafitli dökme demirlerin kimyasal bileşimleri ve uygulanan ısıl işlemlerin sürtünme ve aşınma davranışları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla iki farklı kimyasal bileşime sahip (birincisi 2,5 C ve 4,2 Si; ikincisi 2,43 C ve 4,5 Si) numuneler üretilmiş ve 900°C'de 30, 45 ve 60 dakika homojenizasyon tavlaması ve ardından havada soğutma yapılmıştır. Isıl işlem görmüş numunelere sertlik, çekme testi ve aşınma testleri uygulandı. Aşınma testleri, oda sıcaklığında ve kuru kayma koşullarında (20 N yük, 250 mm kayma mesafesi ve 200 mm/dak kayma hızı) disk üzerinde bilyalı aşınma aparatı kullanılarak 52100 rulman çeliğine karşı gerçekleştirildi. Homojenizasyon ısıl işlem süresinin artması, her iki lamel grafitli dökme demir kalitesi için sertlik ve çekme mukavemeti değerlerinde artışa neden olmuştur. Aşınma testi sonuçları, hem kimyasal bileşimin hem de uygulanan ısıl işlem süresinin sürtünme katsayısını ve aşınma hacmi kayıplarını önemli ölçüde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Fren disklerinde yüksek sürtünme katsayısı ve düşük aşınma hacmi kayıpları istendiğinden, karşılaştırılan numuneler arasında en iyi sonucun 2,5 C ve 4,2 Si kimyasal bileşimi ile üretilip daha sonra 900°C’de 30 dakika süre ile homojenleştirilen numunede elde edildiği belirlendi.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Ertuğrul, O., Güzelipek, O., Soyusinmez, T., Akdoğan, A.T., Güneş, A.B., 2020. Dökme Demir Malzemelerin Karbür Uçlarla Delme İşleminde Proses Parametrelerinin Optimizasyonu, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(1), 251-262.
  • 2. Collini, L., Nicoletto, G., Konečná, R.J.M.S., 2008. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Pearlitic Gray Cast Iron, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 488(1-2), 529-539.
  • 3. Herring, D.H., Heat Treatment of Cast Iron. https://industrialheating.com/articles/94644-heat-treatment-of-cast-irons, Access date: 12.05.2023
  • 4. Agunsoye, J.O., Isaac, T.S., Awe, O.I., Onwuegbuzie, A.T., 2013. Effect of Silicon Additions on the Wear Properties of Grey Cast Iron. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 1, 61-67.
  • 5. Angus, H.T., 2013. Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties. Elsevier, 542.
  • 6. Davis, J.R., (Ed.). 1996. ASM Specialty Handbook: Cast Irons. ASM International, 494.
  • 7. Mohamadzadeh, H., Saghafian, H., Kheirandish, S., 2009. Sliding Wear Behavior of a Grey Cast Iron Surface Remelted by TIG. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 25(5), 622-628.
  • 8. Singh, V., 1999. Physical Metallurgy. (1st ed.) Delhi: Globe Offset Press Chapter 11, 608-609.
  • 9. Darmo, S., Setyana, L.D., Tarmono, T., Santoso, N., 2018. The Effects of Silicon on the Hardness and Wear of Ferritic Grey Cast Iron on Shoe Brake of Train. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 384(1), 012017, IOP Publishing.
  • 10. Singhal, P., Saxena, K.K., 2020. Effect of Silicon Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Grey Cast Iron: An Overview, Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 1393-1401.
  • 11. Ünal, E., Yaşar, A., Karahan, İ.H., 2021. Elektrokimyasal Depolama Yöntemi ile AISI 304 Çeliği Yüzeyine Biriktirilen Ni-B/TiB2 Kompozit Kaplamaların Kristal Yapı ve Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(4), 847-860.
  • 12. Stoian, E.V., Bratu, V., Enescu, C.M., Ungureanu, D.N., 2018. Researches Regarding the Influence of Alloying Elements on the Mechanical Properties of Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron, Scientific Bulletin of 'Valahia' University. Materials and Mechanics, 16(15), 11-16.
  • 13. Stefanescu, D.M., 2017. Classification and Basic Types of Cast Iron, ASM International.
  • 14. Riposan, I., Stan, S., Anca, D., Stefan, E., Stan, I., Chisamera, M., 2023. Structure Characteristics of High Si Ductile Cast Irons. International Journal of Metal Casting, 1-24.
  • 15. Ghasemi, R., 2016. The Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Lamellar and Compacted Irons in Engine Applications. Doctoral Dissertation, Jönköping University, School of Engineering, Jönköping, 94.
  • 16. Wang, G.Q., Liu, Z.L., Li, Y.X., Chen, X., 2022. Different Thermal Fatigue Behaviors between Gray Cast Iron and Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron. China Foundry, 19(3), 245-252.
  • 17. Elliott, R., 1988. Cast Iron Technology. Butterworths, Elsevier Science London, 847.
  • 18. Gunen, A., Ulutan, M., Gok, M.S., Kurt, B., Orhan, N., 2014. Friction and Wear Behavior of Borided AISI 304 Stainless Steel with Nano Particle and Micro Particle Size of Boriding Agents. Journal of the Balkan Tribological Association, 20(3), 362-379.
  • 19. ELSawy, E., El-Hebeary, M.R., El Mahallawi, I.S.E., 2017. Effect of Manganese Silicon and Chromium Additions on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of Grey Cast Iron for Sugar Industries Applications. Wear, 390, 113-124.
  • 20. Ping, L., Bahadur, S., Verhoeven, J.D., 1990. Friction and Wear Behavior of High Silicon Bainitic Structures in Austempered Cast Iron and Steel. Wear, 138(1-2), 269-284.
  • 21. Çetin, M., Gül, F., 2007. Kuru Kayma Şartlarında Matris Yapısının Küresel Grafitli Dökme Demirin Sürtünme Katsayısına ve Pim Sıcaklığına Etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(3). 273-280.
  • 22. Anderson, A.E.,1992. Friction, Lubrication and Wear Technology. ASM Handbook, 8, 569-577.
  • 23. Stachowiak, G., Batchelor, A.W., 2013. Engineering Tribology. Elsevier, 871.
  • 24. Jacuinde, A.B., Rainforth, W.M., 2001. The Wear Behaviour of High-chromium White Cast Irons as a Function of Silicon and Mischmetal Content. Wear, 250(1-12), 449-461.
  • 25. Catalán, N., Ramos-Moore, E., Boccardo, A., Celentano, D., 2022. Surface Laser Treatment of Cast Irons: A Review. Metals, 12(4), 562.
  • 26. Jang, H., Ko, K., 2004. The Effect of Metal Fibers on the Friction Performance of Automotive Brake Friction Materials. Wear, 256, 406-414.
  • 27. Tonghe, Z., Huixing, Z., Ji, H., Xiaoji Yuguang, W., Furong, M., Hong, L., Hanzhang, S., Jianzhong, S., 2000. Industrialization of Mevva Source Ion Implantation. Surface and Coatings Technology, 128-129, 1-8.
  • 28. Günen, A., Kurt, B., Milner, P., Gök, M.S., 2019. Properties and Tribological Performance of Ceramic-base Chromium and Vanadium Carbide Composite Coatings. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 81, 333-344.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Malzeme Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Günen 0000-0002-4101-9520

Melik Çetin 0000-0002-6952-2523

Tarkan Subaş Bu kişi benim 0009-0001-2395-9439

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Günen, A., Çetin, M., & Subaş, T. (2023). Friction and Wear Behavior of High-Silicon Lamellar Graphite Cast Iron Truck Brake Discs. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(4), 1023-1034. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaumfd.1410373