Preventive Role of Green Flat Roofs Against Rain Water Floods of Ġstanbul

Öz

A rapid increase of the provincial population of Istanbul in the last half century has caused problems of housing and urbanization. Despite trying to resolve this problem with the rapid construction, it has led to many problems. The rain floods in the city are the most important ones. For this reason, floods occur in many parts of Istanbul after heavy rainfall. These floods, which is responsible of material and moral damages caused to the city, also creates from ecological point of view serious pollutions. One of the important factors that cause rain water floods is the proliferation of superficial rainwater. Because rain water cannot infiltrate into the soil due to impermeable constructions, it flows at the surface and the amount of surface rain water increases with increasing construction on the area. Rain water gathered at the lowest point of the town basin. Since an excessive load on the rain water networks occurs in these places, the surface water cannot be removed and causes floods. In this area, using systems called "Green roof terrace" in construction will contribute to the reduction of such flooding problems. This article describes how green roof could play a preventive function to the flood problems caused by rainwater in Istanbul province.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İstanbul,Urbanization,Rainwater,Floods,Green roofs

İstanbul’un Yağmur Suyu Taşkınlarına Karşı Yeşil Teras Çatıların Önleyici Rolü

Öz

İstanbul nüfusunun son yarı yüzyılda hızlı bir şekilde artması, konut ve kentleşmede sorunlara neden olmuştur. Sorunun hızlı yapılaşma yaklaşımıyla giderilmeye çalışılması da ayrıca farklı sorunları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu sorunların en önemlilerinden biri kentteki yağmur suyu taşkınlarıdır. Bu nedenle her şiddetli yağmur sonrası İstanbul’un birçok yerinde taşkınlar oluşmaktadır. Kent için maddi ve manevi zarara neden olan bu taşkınlar, ekolojik açıdan da ciddi bir kirlilik yaratmaktadır. Yağmur suyu taşkınlarında, yüzey suyunun çoğalması önemli bir faktördür. Aşırı yapılaşma ile yaratılan geçirimsiz tabakadan dolayı toprak yüzeyi altına sızma imkânı bulamayan yağmur suyu, kaçınılmaz olarak yüzeyde akmakta ve artarak kentin en düşük noktalarında birikmektedir. Suyun aşırı şekilde biriktiği bu tür noktalarda şebekelerin yetersiz kalması, taşkınların meydana gelmesi kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. Bu noktada, yapılaşmada “Yeşil teras çatı” denilen sistemlerin yaygınlaştırılarak kullanılması, bu tür taşkın problemlerinin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu makalede İstanbul kentinde yağmur suyundan kaynaklanan taşkın problemlerine yeşil çatı sistemlerinin nasıl önleyici bir fonksiyon üstlenebileceği ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İstanbul,Kentleşme,Yağmur suları,Taşkın,Yeşil çatı

Kaynakça

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