Weight Reduction of Intercity Bus by Different Seat Construction Design in Compliance with APTA and FMVSS Standards

Öz

In this study, weight reduction potential of different seat construction designs has been evaluated for intercity bus. The passenger seats were designed as CAD model. Finite element method was used to simulate the tests of FMVSS and APTA standards. Total deformation and maximum stress parameters, which were obtained by test simulations in FEA software, were analyzed to verify seat designs. This study results show that using aluminum alloy for seat design instead of St-37 steel provide 50% weight reductions for seat design. This weight reduction can reduce CO2 emissions and also provide fuel efficiency over the vehicle‟s operating life.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vehicle efficiency,Emission,Aluminum alloy

Şehirler arası Otobüslerde APTA ve FMVSS Standartları’na Uygun Farklı Koltuk Yapısı Dizaynları ile Ağırlık Azaltılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada, şehirlerarası otobüslerde farklı koltuk yapı dizaynlarının ağırlık azaltma potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. Yolcu koltukları bilgisayar destekli yazılım modeli olarak tasarlanmıştır. FMVSS ve APTA standartları testlerini simüle etmek için sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Koltuk dizaynlarını doğrulamak için, sonlu elemanlar analiz metodu ile yapılan test simülasyonları sonucunda elde edilen toplam deformasyon ve maksimum stres değerleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları koltuklarda çelik yerine alüminyum alaşım kullanmanın %50 ağırlık azalışı sağlayacağını göstermiştir. Bu ağırlık azalışı araç ömrü süresince CO2 emisyonlarını azaltabilir ve yakıt verimliği de sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Araç verimliliği,Emisyon,Alüminyum alaşımı,Koltuk

Kaynakça

1. 1. International Transport Forum, Reducing Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions-Trends & Data, 2010. 15.07.2015, 2010.
2. 2. U.S. Energy Information Agency, International Energy Outlook, 2013. 15.07.15, 2013.
3. 3. Ghassemieh, E., 2011. Materials in Automotive Application, State of the Art and Prospects, New Trends Developments in Automotive Industry, Chiaberge, M., 978-953-307-999-8
4. 4. Stodolsky, F., Vyas, A., Cuenca, R., Gaines, L., 1995. Life-Cycle Energy Savings Potential from Aluminum-Intensive Vehicles, 1995. Total Life Cycle Conference & Exposition, Vienna, Austria.
5. 5. Yuce, C., 2013. Yeni Nesil Ticari Araçlar için Hafifletilmiş Yolcu Koltuğu Tasarımı ve Prototip İmalatı, Master‟s Degree, Uludağ Univercity, Institute of Science and Technology.
6. 6. Burman, R., 1997. 11-IBCAM Vehicle Technology „97, Automotive Engineer.
7. 7. García Nieto, P.J., Vilan, J.V., Del Coz Diaz, J.J. Matias, J.M., 2009. Analysis and Study of an Automobile Rear Seat by FEM, International Journal of Computer Mathematics, 86;640–664.
8. 8. Steinwall, J., Viippola, P., 2014. Concept Development of a Lightweight Driver‟s Seat Structure & Adjustment System, Master‟s Degree, Department of Product and Production Development, Chalmers University of Technology.

9. 9. U.S. Department of Energy, Multi-Year Program Plan 2011 – 2015, 16.07.15, 2010.
10. 10. Cheah, L.W., 2010. Cars on a Diet: The Material and Energy Impacts of Passenger Vehicle Weight Reduction in the U.S., Doctor of Philosophy, Engineering Systems at The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
11. 11. The Aluminum Association, Aluminum Alloys 101, The Aluminum Association, 03.08.2015.
12. 12. MatWeb,LLC.,http://www.matweb.com/search/DataSheet.aspx?MatGUID=90404a0c001c4016b2b359a6c19f9127, 03.08.2015.
13. 13. American Public Transportation Association, APTA Bus Procurement Guidelines, 03.08.2013.
14. 14. The Executive Director Office of the Federal Register Washington, 1984. D.C., SAE 1100: Motor Vehicle Dimensions, 4.08.2015.
15. 15. Bergeron, F., Audet, J.F., 2004. Feasibility Study for the Development and Marketing of Magnesium Seats for Motor Coaches and other modes of Public Transit, Feasibility Report, TP 14275E, Transportation Development Centre, Canada.
16. 16. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2008. Federal Motor Vehicle and Safety Standard, Standard No. 207, Seating Systems, 4.08.2015.
17. 17. Liu, S.S.Q.G.R., 2003. The Finite Element Method: A Practical Course. Butterworth-Heinemann.
18. 18. ANSYS, Inc., ANSYS Meshing User‟s Guide, Knowl. Creat. Diffus. Util., vol. 15317.
19. 19. Ansys, 2014. An Overview of Methods for Modelling Bolts in ANSYS V15, in Ansys Regional Conference.