Araştırma Makalesi
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Twisted neck: insights into etiology and clinical outcomes of pediatric torticollis

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 4, 1062 - 1072, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1785040

Öz

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric torticollis, to compare congenital and acquired cases, and to identify predictors of hospitalization in a tertiary care setting.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 370 pediatric patients diagnosed with torticollis between 2014 and 2024 in both emergency and outpatient clinics of a tertiary pediatric hospital. Data included demographics, presenting complaints, physical examination findings, imaging studies, etiology, treatment, and hospitalization outcomes.
Results: The median age at presentation was 76.95 [IQR:33.37-128.46] months, with a slight male predominance. Acquired etiologies were the most common (93.2%), particularly trauma (78.0%) and infectious/inflammatory causes (17.7%), while congenital cases accounted for 6.8%. Infectious/inflammatory causes, especially retropharyngeal abscess and cervical lymphadenitis, represented the majority of admissions (68.3%). Among presenting complaints, fever and a history of trauma were significantly associated with hospitalization, while on physical examination, tenderness and restricted range of motion were significant predictors.
Conclusion: This study highlights that acquired causes, particularly trauma and infectious etiologies, predominate in pediatric torticollis. Although most cases are benign, hospitalization is often warranted when systemic or red-flag symptoms are present. Careful clinical evaluation supported by appropriate imaging remains essential for early recognition and optimal management.

Etik Beyan

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ankara University (Approval No: İ06-536-25, 17 July 2025) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Kaynakça

  • Herman MJ. Torticollis in infants and children: common and unusual causes. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:647-53.
  • Tomczak KK, Rosman NP. Torticollis. J Child Neurol. 2013;28:365-78.
  • Gross PW, Chipman DE, Doyle SM. The tilts, twists, and turns of torticollis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2023;35:118-123.
  • Dayasiri K, Rao S. Fifteen-minute consultation: Evaluation of paediatric torticollis. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2023;108:17-21.
  • Gundrathi J, Cunha B, Tiwari V, Mendez MD. Congenital torticollis. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549778/ (accessed Nov 2025).
  • Haque S, Bilal Shafi BB, Kaleem M. Imaging of torticollis in children. Radiographics. 2012;32:557-71.
  • Gabobe Nor MF, Salah RM, Ahmed MAM, Hassan SA, Farah Yusuf Mohamud M. Acute torticollis reaction following metoclopramide use in a pediatric patient: A comprehensive case report and appraisal of current knowledge. Int Med Case Rep J. 2024;17:1037-40.
  • Raucci U, Roversi M, Ferretti A, Faccia V, Garone G, Panetta F et al. Pediatric torticollis: Clinical report and predictors of urgency of 1409 cases. Ital J Pediatr. 2024;50:86.
  • Macias CG. Acquired torticollis in children. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-torticollis-in-children (accessed Aug 2025).
  • Sahin E, Aydemir S, Celtik T. Torticollis research in focus: Emerging trends, thematic shifts, and global collaboration patterns. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e43174.
  • Ben Zvi I, Thompson DNP. Torticollis in childhood-a practical guide for initial assessment. Eur J Pediatr. 2022;181:865-73.
  • Starc M, Norbedo S, Tubaro M, Ronfani L, Bassanese G, Barbi E. Red flags in torticollis: A historical cohort study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34:463-66.
  • Pharisa C, Lutz N, Roback MG, Gehri M. Neck complaints in the pediatric emergency department: A consecutive case series of 170 children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009;25:823-6.
  • Yilmaz N, Demir O. Demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with the diagnosis of torticollis: A tertiary clinic approach. Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences. 2020;23:20-5.
  • Tom LW, Rossiter JL, Sutton LN, Davidson RS, Potsic WP. Torticollis in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;105:1-5.
  • Kempeneers MA, Buis DR, Feller RE, Roosendaal SD, Slot KM, Wolf NI, et al. Torticollis with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in children: A clinical review. Neuropediatrics. 2024;55:349-55.
  • Per H, Canpolat M, Tumturk A, Gumuş H, Gokoglu A, Yikilmaz A et al. Different etiologies of acquired torticollis in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30:431-40.
  • Tumturk A, Gorkem SB, Ozmansur EN, Peduk Y, Arslan U, Gok V et al. The spectrum of underlying diseases in children with torticollis. Turk Neurosurg. 2021;31:389-98.
  • Fafara-Les A, Kwiatkowski S, Marynczak L, Kawecki Z, Adamek D, Herman-Sucharska I et al. Torticollis as a first sign of posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30:425-30.
  • Kahn ML, Davidson R, Drummond DS. Acquired torticollis in children. Orthop Rev. 1991;20:667-74.
  • Blankstein A, Pavlotsky F, Roizin H, Ganel A, Chechick A. Acquired torticollis in hospitalized children. Harefuah. 1997;133:616-9, 663.
  • Baklizi N, Raswoli M, Burges M, Moreira DC, Qaddoumi I. Torticollis as a presenting symptom of pediatric CNS tumors: a systematic review. Semin Oncol. 2022;49:419-25.
  • Ghodke A, Gadkari A, Trivedi R, Tikoo A, Chaddha R. Torticollis in an 8-year-old child due to Grisel's syndrome - A case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:502.
  • Nemet D, Gottesman G, Pomeranz A, Shenkar V, Ofir D, Wolach B et al. Acute acquired non-traumatic torticollis in hospitalized children. Harefuah. 2002;141:519-21.

Eğri boyun: çocukluk çağı tortikollisinin etyolojisi ve klinik sonuçlarına ilişkin bulgular

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 4, 1062 - 1072, 22.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1785040

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, pediatrik tortikollisin demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi, konjenital ve edinsel olguların karşılaştırılması ve üçüncü basamak bir merkezde hastaneye yatışı öngören faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 2014–2024 yılları arasında bir çocuk hastanesinin acil servis ve pediatri polikliniklerine tortikollis tanısı ile başvuran 370 çocuk hastanın dosyası retrospektif olarak incelendi. Veriler; demografik özellikler, başvuru şikâyetleri, fizik muayene bulguları, görüntüleme yöntemleri, etiyoloji, tedavi ve yatış sonuçlarını içermekteydi.
Bulgular: Hastaların ortanca yaşı 76.95 [IQR:33.37-128.46] ay olup, erkek cinsiyet hafifçe baskındı. En sık edinsel etiyolojiler (%93,2) saptanmış; bunlar arasında travma (%78,0) ve enfeksiyöz/inflamatuvar nedenler (%17,7) öne çıkmıştır. Konjenital olgular ise %6,8 oranında görülmüştür. Yatışların çoğu (%68,3) enfeksiyöz/inflamatuvar nedenlere, özellikle retrofaringeal apse ve servikal lenfadenite bağlıydı. Başvuru şikâyetleri arasında ateş ve travma öyküsü hastaneye yatış ile anlamlı ilişkili bulunurken; fizik muayenede hassasiyet ve hareket kısıtlılığı önemli prediktörler olarak öne çıktı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, pediatrik tortikolliste edinsel nedenlerin, özellikle travma ve enfeksiyöz etiyolojilerin baskın olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Olguların çoğu benign olmakla birlikte, sistemik bulguların veya uyarıcı semptomların varlığında hastaneye yatış gerekebilmektedir. Erken tanı ve tedavi için uygun görüntüleme yöntemleriyle desteklenen dikkatli klinik değerlendirme kritik öneme sahiptir.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma protokolü Ankara Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylandı (Onay No: İ06-536-25, 17 Temmuz 2025) ve Helsinki Deklarasyonu ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütüldü.

Kaynakça

  • Herman MJ. Torticollis in infants and children: common and unusual causes. Instr Course Lect. 2006;55:647-53.
  • Tomczak KK, Rosman NP. Torticollis. J Child Neurol. 2013;28:365-78.
  • Gross PW, Chipman DE, Doyle SM. The tilts, twists, and turns of torticollis. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2023;35:118-123.
  • Dayasiri K, Rao S. Fifteen-minute consultation: Evaluation of paediatric torticollis. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed. 2023;108:17-21.
  • Gundrathi J, Cunha B, Tiwari V, Mendez MD. Congenital torticollis. StatPearls. 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549778/ (accessed Nov 2025).
  • Haque S, Bilal Shafi BB, Kaleem M. Imaging of torticollis in children. Radiographics. 2012;32:557-71.
  • Gabobe Nor MF, Salah RM, Ahmed MAM, Hassan SA, Farah Yusuf Mohamud M. Acute torticollis reaction following metoclopramide use in a pediatric patient: A comprehensive case report and appraisal of current knowledge. Int Med Case Rep J. 2024;17:1037-40.
  • Raucci U, Roversi M, Ferretti A, Faccia V, Garone G, Panetta F et al. Pediatric torticollis: Clinical report and predictors of urgency of 1409 cases. Ital J Pediatr. 2024;50:86.
  • Macias CG. Acquired torticollis in children. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acquired-torticollis-in-children (accessed Aug 2025).
  • Sahin E, Aydemir S, Celtik T. Torticollis research in focus: Emerging trends, thematic shifts, and global collaboration patterns. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104:e43174.
  • Ben Zvi I, Thompson DNP. Torticollis in childhood-a practical guide for initial assessment. Eur J Pediatr. 2022;181:865-73.
  • Starc M, Norbedo S, Tubaro M, Ronfani L, Bassanese G, Barbi E. Red flags in torticollis: A historical cohort study. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018;34:463-66.
  • Pharisa C, Lutz N, Roback MG, Gehri M. Neck complaints in the pediatric emergency department: A consecutive case series of 170 children. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009;25:823-6.
  • Yilmaz N, Demir O. Demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with the diagnosis of torticollis: A tertiary clinic approach. Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Sciences. 2020;23:20-5.
  • Tom LW, Rossiter JL, Sutton LN, Davidson RS, Potsic WP. Torticollis in children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;105:1-5.
  • Kempeneers MA, Buis DR, Feller RE, Roosendaal SD, Slot KM, Wolf NI, et al. Torticollis with atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation in children: A clinical review. Neuropediatrics. 2024;55:349-55.
  • Per H, Canpolat M, Tumturk A, Gumuş H, Gokoglu A, Yikilmaz A et al. Different etiologies of acquired torticollis in childhood. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30:431-40.
  • Tumturk A, Gorkem SB, Ozmansur EN, Peduk Y, Arslan U, Gok V et al. The spectrum of underlying diseases in children with torticollis. Turk Neurosurg. 2021;31:389-98.
  • Fafara-Les A, Kwiatkowski S, Marynczak L, Kawecki Z, Adamek D, Herman-Sucharska I et al. Torticollis as a first sign of posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30:425-30.
  • Kahn ML, Davidson R, Drummond DS. Acquired torticollis in children. Orthop Rev. 1991;20:667-74.
  • Blankstein A, Pavlotsky F, Roizin H, Ganel A, Chechick A. Acquired torticollis in hospitalized children. Harefuah. 1997;133:616-9, 663.
  • Baklizi N, Raswoli M, Burges M, Moreira DC, Qaddoumi I. Torticollis as a presenting symptom of pediatric CNS tumors: a systematic review. Semin Oncol. 2022;49:419-25.
  • Ghodke A, Gadkari A, Trivedi R, Tikoo A, Chaddha R. Torticollis in an 8-year-old child due to Grisel's syndrome - A case report. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:502.
  • Nemet D, Gottesman G, Pomeranz A, Shenkar V, Ofir D, Wolach B et al. Acute acquired non-traumatic torticollis in hospitalized children. Harefuah. 2002;141:519-21.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk Acil, Çocuk Bulaşıcı Hastalıkları, Çocuk Nörolojisi, Yenidoğan
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Göksel Vatansever 0000-0003-3152-7588

Esra Çoruk 0009-0002-4477-1723

Nehir Üder 0009-0009-2833-8605

Miraç Yıldırım 0000-0002-0215-1043

Seda Kaynak Şahap 0000-0003-1283-9543

İhsan Özdemir 0000-0001-7076-6819

Emel Okulu 0000-0002-1101-3355

Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Eylül 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 50 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

MLA Vatansever, Göksel vd. “Twisted neck: insights into etiology and clinical outcomes of pediatric torticollis”. Cukurova Medical Journal, c. 50, sy. 4, 2025, ss. 1062-7, doi:10.17826/cumj.1785040.