Meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserlerinde çevresel risk faktörleri ve risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: olgu-kontrol çalışması

Year 2018, Volume: 43 Issue: 2, 411 - 421, 30.06.2018

Ayla Açıkgöz , Dilek Çımrın Gül Ergör

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.345233

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserini etkileyen çevresel risk faktörlerini belirlemek ve risk düzeyi belirleme programları kullanılarak tanı konmadan önceki risk düzeylerini değerlendirmektir. 

Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma İzmir’in Balçova ilçesinde yapılan olgu-kontrol araştırmasıdır. 2008-2013 yılları arasında akciğer, meme, kolorektal ve prostat kanseri tanısı alanlar araştırmanın olgu grubunu oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, yaşam tarzı ve beslenme alışkanlıkları anketle belirlenmiştir. Olgu ve kontrol gruplarının kanser risk düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Olgu grubunda 57 meme, 52 prostat, 22 kolorektal ve 42 akciğer kanseri olgusu bulunmaktadır. Meme kanseri olguları 216 kadın, prostat kanseri olguları 211 erkek, kolorektal ve akciğer kanseri olguları ise 427 kadın ve erkek kontrol ile karşılaştırılmıştır. 

Bulgular: Altmış yaşın altında olanlarda meme kanseri 2.36 kat fazladır. Fazla kilolu ya da şişman gruplarında meme kanseri daha az görülmüştür. Akciğer kanseri erkeklerde 2.04 kat, sigara içenlerde 4.10 kat, sigarayı bırakanlarda 2.19 kat fazladır. 

Sonuç: Yaş ve beden kütle indeksiyle meme kanseri; inflamatuar bağırsak hastalığıyla kolorektal kanserler; erkek cinsiyeti ve sigara içmeyle akciğer kanseri arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Olgu ve kontrol grupları arasında hesaplanan kanser risk düzeyleri bakımından anlamlı fark saptanamaması olgu sayılarının az olmasından ya da kullanılan risk hesaplama programlarının Türk toplumuna uygun olmamasından kaynaklanabilir. 

Keywords

meme kanseri, risk faktörü, prostat kanseri, kolorektal kanser

Determination of breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer environmental risk factors and risk levels: case-control study

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess environmental risk factors affecting breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer and to assess risk levels before diagnosis using risk level determination programs.

Materials and Methods: This research was done in Izmir Province Balcova district, a case-control type. A case group of patients with lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer was established between 2008 and 2013. The sociodemographic and individual characteristics, lifestyle and eating habits of participants were collected with a questionnaire. Cancer risk level of case and control groups was calculated. There were 57 breast, 52 prostate, 22 colorectal and 42 lung cancer cases in the case group. Breast cases were compared with 216 female controls. Prostate cancer cases were compared with 211 male controls. Colorectal and lung cancer cases were compared with 427 female and male controls.

Results: Breast cancer risk was 2.36 times higher in those under the age of sixty. Breast cancer was found to be lower in overweight or obese groups. Lung cancer was 2,04 times  higher in males, 4,10 times  higher in current smokers and 2,19 times  higher in ex-smokers. Conclusion: Relationship between breast cancer and age and body mass index; colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease; male, smoking and lung cancer was found. The inability to detect significant difference in the cancer risk levels of case and control groups may be due to the small number of cases, or the risk calculation programs not being appropriate for the Turkish population. 

Keywords

Breast cancer, risk factors, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer.

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