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Association of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene XbaI and PvuII Polymorphisms with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 105 - 116, 22.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.57069

Abstract

Purpose: Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by a decrease bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architectural deterioration of bone structure. Although several environmental factors are known to have influences on BMD, genetic contribution to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has recently been recognized. The existence of about 150 candidate genes which have effects on bone mass was reported but the degree of these effects and interaction of genes and environment are presently unclear. In this study, it was aimed to investigate any relationship between BMD values of lomber vertebra and femoral neck, osteoporosis-related criteria and ERα gene XbaI, PvuII polymorphisms. Material and Methods: We evaluated the relationship between the osteoporotic factors and ERα gene XbaI, PvuII polymorphisms in 107 postmenopausal women (73 osteoporotic as study group and 34 non-osteoporotic as a control group) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technics. Data about the osteoporosis-related factors about all subjects were either based on the laboratory analyses and results of a standardized questionnaire. Results: The distributions of genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of both XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms were not significantly different between osteoporotic and control group. In control group of XbaI polymorphism, minor allel was "X" (nucleotide G) with the frequency MAF=0,457 but in osteoporotic women it was "x" (nucleotide A) with MAF=0,467 and in control group of PvuII polymorphism, minor allele was "P" (nucleotide C) (MAF=0,485) and in osteoporotic women it was "p" (nucleotide T) (MAF=0,418). In patients xx genotypes of XbaI polymorphism had significantly higher femoral neck-lomber average BMD value than XX and Xx genotypes (p=0,05) while no significant difference was found among control genotypes. PvuII genotypes showed no differences for femoral neck-lomber BMD values both in patients and controls. For the family history of osteoporosis, PP, Pp and pp genotypes did not significantly differ in controls but differences among patient genotypes were significant reaching the highest ratio (% 85.7) in PP genotypes (p=0,04). Xxpp genotyped patients who exposed to sun over 15 minutes per day had higher BMD values than in patients who had no sun exposure (p=0.01) but there was no difference in control group. None of the other criteria related to osteoporosis was found to be associated with XbaI, PvuII polymorphisms. Conclusion: Osteoporotic women have higher femoral neck-lomber BMD values for xx genotypes but all osteoporotic women have lower x and p allele frequencies. Although there was an insignificant difference for XbaI genotypes between patients and controls, less occurrence of "x" allel associated with higher BMD values in patients may be of some clinical diagnostic importance.

References

  • Gass, M. ,B. Dawson-Hughes. Preventing osteoporosis-related fractures: an overview. Am J Med. 2006;119:3-11.
  • Kavuncu, V. Osteoporozda Sınıflama. Osteoporozda tanı ve tedavi. T. Göksoy. İstanbul, Özlem Grafik Matbaacılık. 2000;205-14.
  • Papakitsou, E. F., et al. Body mass index (BMI) and parameters of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004;47:185-93.
  • Nas, K. Osteoporozda Risk Faktörleri. Osteoporozda Tanı ve Tedavi. T. Göksoy. İstanbul, Özlem Grafik Matbacılık. 2000:69-94.
  • Cummings, S. R., et al. Endogenous hormones and the risk of hip and vertebral fractures among older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:733-8.
  • Lane, N. E. Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194:3-11.
  • Bauer, D. C., et al. Classification of osteoarthritis biomarkers: a proposed approach. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006;14:723-7.
  • Genant, H. K., et al. Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10: 259-64. van der Voort, D. J., et al. Risk factors for osteoporosis related to their outcome: fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:630-8.
  • Ravn, P., et al. Low body mass index is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort (EPIC) study group. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:1622-7.
  • Uslu, H. Postmenopozal raloksifen HCL kullanımının serum homosisteini, lipid profili, koagülasyon profili ve kemik mineral yoğunluğu T skorları üzerine etkisi. Uzmanlık Tezi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Zeynep Kamil Kadın-Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi. İstanbul. 2004.
  • Tuck, S. P. ,R. M. Francis. Osteoporosis. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78:526-32.
  • Welsh, L. ,O. M. Rutherford. Hip bone mineral density is improved by high-impact aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;74:511-7.
  • Nguyen, T. V., et al. Osteoporosis in elderly men and women: effects of dietary calcium, physical activity, and body mass index. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15:322-31.
  • Kato, I., et al. Prospective study of factors influencing the onset of natural menopause. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51:1271-76.
  • Gennari, L., et al. Genetics of osteoporosis: role of steroid hormone receptor gene polymorphisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002;81:1-24.
  • Rizzoli, R., et al. Osteoporosis, genetics and hormones. J Mol Endocrinol. 2001;26:79-94.
  • Ralston, S. H. Genetic control of susceptibility to osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:2460-66.
  • Gerdhem, P. , K. J. Obrant. Bone mineral density in old age: the influence of age at menarche and menopause. J Bone Miner Metab. 2004;22:372-5.
  • Gruber, C. J., et al. Current concepts in aesthetic endocrinology. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2002;16:431-41.
  • Enmark, E. ,J. A. Gustafsson. Oestrogen receptors an overview. J Intern Med. 1999;246:133-8.
  • Gray, G. A., et al. Oestrogen and the cardiovascular system: the good, the bad and the puzzling. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2001;22:152-6.
  • Dubey, R. K., et al. Estradiol metabolites inhibit endothelin synthesis by an estrogen receptorindependent mechanism. Hypertension. 2001;37: 640Klinge, C. M. Estrogen receptor interaction with estrogen response elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001;29: 2905-19.
  • Ferrari, S. L. ,R. Rizzoli. Gene variants for osteoporosis and their pleiotropic effects in aging. Mol Aspects Med. 2005;26:145-67.
  • Ralston SH, U. A. Genetics of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2010;31:629-62.
  • Walter, P., et al. Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82:7889-93.
  • Andersen, T. I., et al. Oestrogen receptor (ESR) polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility. Hum Genet. 1994;94:665-70.
  • Kos M, R. G., Denger S,Gannon F. Genomic Organisation of The Human ER alpha Gene Promoter Region. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:2057-63.
  • "ESR1 estrogen receptor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Retrieved 16.02.2010, from http//:www.ncbi.nlm.nihgov/sites/entrez?db=snp&cmd =search&term=ESR1.
  • Bustamante M, N. X., at al. COL1A1, ESR!, VDR and TGFB1 polymorphisms and haplotypes in relation to KMY in Spanish postmenapausal women. Osteoporosis Int. 2007;18:235-43.
  • Matsubara Y, M. M., Kawano K, Zama T, Aoki N, Yoshino H, et al. Genotype distribution of estrogen receptor polymorphisms in men and postmenopausal women from healthy and coronary populations and its relation to serum lipid levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:3006-12.
  • Duman, B. S., et al. Vitamin D receptor alleles, bone mineral density and turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic and healthy women. Med Princ Pract. 2004;13: 260-6. ÖzdemirErdoğan, M. Postmenopozal Kadınlarda
  • Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu ile Östrojen Reseptör Alfa ve Kollajen Tip 1 Alfa 1 Gen Polimorfizmlerinin İlişkisi. Tıbbi Genetik ABD, Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktara: 2008;88.
  • Yilmaz MB, P. A., Guzel AI, Kocaturk-Sel S, Kasap H, Kasap M, Urunsak IF, Basaran S, Alptekin D, Demirhan O. . Association of serum sex steroid levels and bone mineral density with CYP17 and CYP19 gene polymorphisms in postmenopausal women in Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research. 2011;10:1999-2008.
  • Miller, S. A., et al. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16:1215.
  • Joyce B.J van Meurs, S. C. E. S. et al. Association of 5’ estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density, vertebral bone area and fracture risk. Human Molecular Genetics,. 2003;12:1745-54.
  • Thakkinstian A, D. E. C., Eisman J, Nguyen T, Attia J. Meta-Analysis of Molecular Association Studies: Vitamin D Receptor gene Polymorphisms and KMY as a Case Study. Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research. 2004;19:419-28.
  • Rapuri, P. B., et al. Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with changes in bone remodeling markers and treatment response to estrogen. Maturitas. 2006;53:371-9.
  • Özlem S, S. N., Karayalçın B, Bilgilisoy M, Gürbüz Ü, İlleez Ö, Gültekin M. Postmenopozal Osteoporoz ve Osteopenide Plazma Homosistein Düzeyleri ile Biyokimyasal Kemik Döngüsü Belirteçleri Arasındaki ilişki. Osteoporoz Dünyasından. 2006;12:22-6. Paker N , S. M., B, Tekdöş D, Kaya B, Buğdaycı S,D.
  • Postmenopozal Kemik Kaybı Olan Kadınlarda Kemik Döngüsü. Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2005;4:155-8.
  • Asomaning K, B.-J. E., Nasca Pc, Hooven F, Pekow Ps. The Association Between Body Mass Index And Osteoporosis In Patients Referred For A Bone Mineral Density Examination. J Womens Health. 2006;15:1028-34.
  • Yaraman N, Ç. C., Karaoğlan B. Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Osteoporoz ile Çok Yönlü Risk Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Fiziksel Tıp Dergisi . 2002;5:23-6.
  • Şahin Y, K. Y., Akşit R. Erken Dönem Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Obesiteyle Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu Arasındaki İlişki. Fiziksel Tıp Dergisi. 1998;1:19-24.
  • Mole, P. A., et al. Evaluation of peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: comparison with single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the spine or femur. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:427-32.
  • Kroger, H., et al. Bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis--a population-based study of 1600 perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1994;55:1-7.
  • Nishizawa, Y., et al. Obesity as a determinant of regional bone mineral density. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1991;37: 65-70.
  • Kin, K., et al. Bone mineral density of the spine in normal Japanese subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: effect of obesity and menopausal status. Calcif Tissue Int. 1991;49:101-6.
  • Keen RW, H. D., et al. Family. Family history of appendicular fracture and risk of osteoporosis: a population-based study. Osteoporosis Int. 1999;10:161-6. Özdemir, F.. Postmenopozal Osteoporotik Kadınlarda Aile Hikayesinde Osteoporoz Varlığının
  • Önemi. Osteoporoz Dünyasından. 2006;12:60-3.
  • Aksu A, Z. M., Karaoğlan B, Akın S, Kutsal G.Y, Atalay F, G.Dinçer. Osteoporoz, Eğitim Durumu ve Farkındalık Düzeyi Araştırrma Sonuçları. Osteoporoz Dünyasından. 2005;11:36-40.
  • Magnus JH, J. R., Berntsen GK, et al. What do Norwegian women and men know about osteoporosis? Osteoporosis Int. 1996;6:31-6.
  • Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Halil Kasap Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Biyoloji ve Genetik Anabilim Dalı 01330 Balcalı-ADANA e-mail: hkasap@cu.edu.tr geliş tarihi/received :29.07.2013 kabul tarihi/accepted:16.09.2013

Postmenopozal Osteoporoz ile Östrojen Reseptör Alfa Geni (ERα) XbaI ve PvuII Polimorfizmlerinin İlişkisi

Year 2014, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 105 - 116, 22.07.2014
https://doi.org/10.17826/cutf.57069

Abstract

Amaç: Osteoporoz, kemik mineral yoğunluğunun (KMY) azalmasına bağlı olarak kemik mikromimarisinin bozulması ile ortaya çıkan multifaktöriyel bir hastalıktır. Kemik mineral yoğunluğunu etkileyen birçok çevresel faktör bilinmesine rağmen genetik yapının osteoporoz patogenezi ile ilişkisi son zamanlarda incelenmiş ve kemik kütlesi üzerine etkisi olan 150 kadar aday genin varlığı rapor edilmiştir. Ancak bu etkinin dereceleri ile genler ve çevresel faktörlerin etkileşimleri halen net değildir. Bu çalışmada, lomber omurga ve femur boynu KMY değerleri ve osteoporozla ilgili önemli kriterler ile ERα geni XbaI, PvuII polimorfizmleri arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu çalışmaya 73 osteoporotik ve 34 osteoporozu olmayan (kontrol) toplam 107 postmenopozal kadın alındı. Osteoporozla ilgili kriterler ve lomber omurga ve femur boynu KMY değerleri ile polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) ve restriksiyon parça uzunluk polimorfizmi (RFLP) tekniklerini kullanarak belirlenen ERα geni XbaI, PvuII polimorfizmleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Hasta ve kontrollerle ilgili araştırma verileri, çeşitli laboratuvar testleri ve standardize sorgulama formlarından elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Osteoporotik ve osteoporotik olmayan kadınlar arasında XbaI ve Pvu II polimorfizmlerinin genotip, allel ve haplotip frekansları bakımından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. XbaI polimorfizminde kontrollerde minor allel "X" alleli (G nükleotiti) (MAF=0,457) iken hastalarda "x" alleli (A nükleotiti) (MAF=0,467) olmuş, PvuII polimorfizminde, kontrolde minor allel "P" (C nükleotiti) (MAF=0,485) iken hastalarda "p" alleli (T nükleotiti) (MAF=0,418) olmuştur. Pvu II polimorfizmi ile boyun - lomber KMY arasında xx genotipli hastalarda femur boyun KMY ortalama değerinin, XX ve Xx genotipine sahip bireylerden daha yüksek olduğu (p=0,05), kontrol grubunda ise önemli bir farkın olmadığı bulunmuştur. PvuII polimorfizminde ise hasta ve kontrollerin femur boyun-lomber KMY değerleri arasında hiçbir fark saptanmamıştır. Aile osteoporoz öyküsü bakımından PP, Pp ve pp genotipleri arasında kontrollerde önemli bir fark yok iken (p=0,31), hasta grubundaki fark önemli (p=0,04) olup en yüksek osteoporoz öyküsü PP genotipinde (%85,7) bulunmuştur. Hasta grubunda, Xxpp genotipine sahip olan bireylerden, günde 15 dakika ve üzeri güneşe maruz kalanların, gün içinde hiç güneşe maruz kalmayanlara göre lomber KMY değerlerinin yüksek olduğu saptanmış (p=0,01), kontrol grubunda ise bir fark bulunmamıştır. Osteoporozla ilgili incelenen diğer kriterlerin hiçbirisi ile XbaI, PvuII polimorfizmleri arasında ilişki bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: Osteoporotik hastalarda x ve p allel frekansları daha düşük ve genotipi xx olan hastaların da femur boyun-lomber KMY değerleri daha yüksektir. XbaI polimorfizmi genotipleri bakımından hasta ve kontroller arasındaki fark anlamlı olmasa bile, yüksek KMY değeri ile ilişkili olan "x" allelinin hastalarda düşük kontrollerde yüksek olmasının ön

References

  • Gass, M. ,B. Dawson-Hughes. Preventing osteoporosis-related fractures: an overview. Am J Med. 2006;119:3-11.
  • Kavuncu, V. Osteoporozda Sınıflama. Osteoporozda tanı ve tedavi. T. Göksoy. İstanbul, Özlem Grafik Matbaacılık. 2000;205-14.
  • Papakitsou, E. F., et al. Body mass index (BMI) and parameters of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2004;47:185-93.
  • Nas, K. Osteoporozda Risk Faktörleri. Osteoporozda Tanı ve Tedavi. T. Göksoy. İstanbul, Özlem Grafik Matbacılık. 2000:69-94.
  • Cummings, S. R., et al. Endogenous hormones and the risk of hip and vertebral fractures among older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:733-8.
  • Lane, N. E. Epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosis of osteoporosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;194:3-11.
  • Bauer, D. C., et al. Classification of osteoarthritis biomarkers: a proposed approach. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006;14:723-7.
  • Genant, H. K., et al. Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10: 259-64. van der Voort, D. J., et al. Risk factors for osteoporosis related to their outcome: fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:630-8.
  • Ravn, P., et al. Low body mass index is an important risk factor for low bone mass and increased bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort (EPIC) study group. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:1622-7.
  • Uslu, H. Postmenopozal raloksifen HCL kullanımının serum homosisteini, lipid profili, koagülasyon profili ve kemik mineral yoğunluğu T skorları üzerine etkisi. Uzmanlık Tezi. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Zeynep Kamil Kadın-Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi. İstanbul. 2004.
  • Tuck, S. P. ,R. M. Francis. Osteoporosis. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78:526-32.
  • Welsh, L. ,O. M. Rutherford. Hip bone mineral density is improved by high-impact aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;74:511-7.
  • Nguyen, T. V., et al. Osteoporosis in elderly men and women: effects of dietary calcium, physical activity, and body mass index. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15:322-31.
  • Kato, I., et al. Prospective study of factors influencing the onset of natural menopause. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998;51:1271-76.
  • Gennari, L., et al. Genetics of osteoporosis: role of steroid hormone receptor gene polymorphisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2002;81:1-24.
  • Rizzoli, R., et al. Osteoporosis, genetics and hormones. J Mol Endocrinol. 2001;26:79-94.
  • Ralston, S. H. Genetic control of susceptibility to osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:2460-66.
  • Gerdhem, P. , K. J. Obrant. Bone mineral density in old age: the influence of age at menarche and menopause. J Bone Miner Metab. 2004;22:372-5.
  • Gruber, C. J., et al. Current concepts in aesthetic endocrinology. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2002;16:431-41.
  • Enmark, E. ,J. A. Gustafsson. Oestrogen receptors an overview. J Intern Med. 1999;246:133-8.
  • Gray, G. A., et al. Oestrogen and the cardiovascular system: the good, the bad and the puzzling. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2001;22:152-6.
  • Dubey, R. K., et al. Estradiol metabolites inhibit endothelin synthesis by an estrogen receptorindependent mechanism. Hypertension. 2001;37: 640Klinge, C. M. Estrogen receptor interaction with estrogen response elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001;29: 2905-19.
  • Ferrari, S. L. ,R. Rizzoli. Gene variants for osteoporosis and their pleiotropic effects in aging. Mol Aspects Med. 2005;26:145-67.
  • Ralston SH, U. A. Genetics of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2010;31:629-62.
  • Walter, P., et al. Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82:7889-93.
  • Andersen, T. I., et al. Oestrogen receptor (ESR) polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility. Hum Genet. 1994;94:665-70.
  • Kos M, R. G., Denger S,Gannon F. Genomic Organisation of The Human ER alpha Gene Promoter Region. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:2057-63.
  • "ESR1 estrogen receptor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Retrieved 16.02.2010, from http//:www.ncbi.nlm.nihgov/sites/entrez?db=snp&cmd =search&term=ESR1.
  • Bustamante M, N. X., at al. COL1A1, ESR!, VDR and TGFB1 polymorphisms and haplotypes in relation to KMY in Spanish postmenapausal women. Osteoporosis Int. 2007;18:235-43.
  • Matsubara Y, M. M., Kawano K, Zama T, Aoki N, Yoshino H, et al. Genotype distribution of estrogen receptor polymorphisms in men and postmenopausal women from healthy and coronary populations and its relation to serum lipid levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:3006-12.
  • Duman, B. S., et al. Vitamin D receptor alleles, bone mineral density and turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic and healthy women. Med Princ Pract. 2004;13: 260-6. ÖzdemirErdoğan, M. Postmenopozal Kadınlarda
  • Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu ile Östrojen Reseptör Alfa ve Kollajen Tip 1 Alfa 1 Gen Polimorfizmlerinin İlişkisi. Tıbbi Genetik ABD, Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Doktara: 2008;88.
  • Yilmaz MB, P. A., Guzel AI, Kocaturk-Sel S, Kasap H, Kasap M, Urunsak IF, Basaran S, Alptekin D, Demirhan O. . Association of serum sex steroid levels and bone mineral density with CYP17 and CYP19 gene polymorphisms in postmenopausal women in Turkey. Genetics and Molecular Research. 2011;10:1999-2008.
  • Miller, S. A., et al. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988;16:1215.
  • Joyce B.J van Meurs, S. C. E. S. et al. Association of 5’ estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density, vertebral bone area and fracture risk. Human Molecular Genetics,. 2003;12:1745-54.
  • Thakkinstian A, D. E. C., Eisman J, Nguyen T, Attia J. Meta-Analysis of Molecular Association Studies: Vitamin D Receptor gene Polymorphisms and KMY as a Case Study. Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research. 2004;19:419-28.
  • Rapuri, P. B., et al. Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with changes in bone remodeling markers and treatment response to estrogen. Maturitas. 2006;53:371-9.
  • Özlem S, S. N., Karayalçın B, Bilgilisoy M, Gürbüz Ü, İlleez Ö, Gültekin M. Postmenopozal Osteoporoz ve Osteopenide Plazma Homosistein Düzeyleri ile Biyokimyasal Kemik Döngüsü Belirteçleri Arasındaki ilişki. Osteoporoz Dünyasından. 2006;12:22-6. Paker N , S. M., B, Tekdöş D, Kaya B, Buğdaycı S,D.
  • Postmenopozal Kemik Kaybı Olan Kadınlarda Kemik Döngüsü. Osteoporoz Dünyasından 2005;4:155-8.
  • Asomaning K, B.-J. E., Nasca Pc, Hooven F, Pekow Ps. The Association Between Body Mass Index And Osteoporosis In Patients Referred For A Bone Mineral Density Examination. J Womens Health. 2006;15:1028-34.
  • Yaraman N, Ç. C., Karaoğlan B. Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Osteoporoz ile Çok Yönlü Risk Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Fiziksel Tıp Dergisi . 2002;5:23-6.
  • Şahin Y, K. Y., Akşit R. Erken Dönem Postmenopozal Kadınlarda Obesiteyle Kemik Mineral Yoğunluğu Arasındaki İlişki. Fiziksel Tıp Dergisi. 1998;1:19-24.
  • Mole, P. A., et al. Evaluation of peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: comparison with single photon absorptiometry of the forearm and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the spine or femur. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:427-32.
  • Kroger, H., et al. Bone mineral density and risk factors for osteoporosis--a population-based study of 1600 perimenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1994;55:1-7.
  • Nishizawa, Y., et al. Obesity as a determinant of regional bone mineral density. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1991;37: 65-70.
  • Kin, K., et al. Bone mineral density of the spine in normal Japanese subjects using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: effect of obesity and menopausal status. Calcif Tissue Int. 1991;49:101-6.
  • Keen RW, H. D., et al. Family. Family history of appendicular fracture and risk of osteoporosis: a population-based study. Osteoporosis Int. 1999;10:161-6. Özdemir, F.. Postmenopozal Osteoporotik Kadınlarda Aile Hikayesinde Osteoporoz Varlığının
  • Önemi. Osteoporoz Dünyasından. 2006;12:60-3.
  • Aksu A, Z. M., Karaoğlan B, Akın S, Kutsal G.Y, Atalay F, G.Dinçer. Osteoporoz, Eğitim Durumu ve Farkındalık Düzeyi Araştırrma Sonuçları. Osteoporoz Dünyasından. 2005;11:36-40.
  • Magnus JH, J. R., Berntsen GK, et al. What do Norwegian women and men know about osteoporosis? Osteoporosis Int. 1996;6:31-6.
  • Yazışma Adresi / Address for Correspondence: Dr. Halil Kasap Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Biyoloji ve Genetik Anabilim Dalı 01330 Balcalı-ADANA e-mail: hkasap@cu.edu.tr geliş tarihi/received :29.07.2013 kabul tarihi/accepted:16.09.2013
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research
Authors

Seza Bulca This is me

Halil Kasap This is me

Tunay Sarpel This is me

Sabriye Kocatürk Sel This is me

Sibel Başaran This is me

Mehmet Bertan Yılmaz This is me

Ayfer Pazarbaşı This is me

Publication Date July 22, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 39 Issue: 1

Cite

MLA Bulca, Seza et al. “Postmenopozal Osteoporoz Ile Östrojen Reseptör Alfa Geni (ERα) XbaI Ve PvuII Polimorfizmlerinin İlişkisi”. Cukurova Medical Journal, vol. 39, no. 1, 2014, pp. 105-16, doi:10.17826/cutf.57069.