Ultrastructural and Biochemical Evaluation of the Effect of Endosulfan on Mice Liver

Year 2013, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 274 - 284, 01.06.2013

Yıldız Çağlar Ergül Belge Ufuk Ö. Mete Sait Polat

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of endosulfan on mice liver as ultrastructural together with biochemical data, and also by light microscopy to evaluate. Materials and Methods: 12 male albino mice weighing between 26-30g were used. Mice were divided into two equal groups. For group receiving endosulfan, endosulfan (13 mg/kg/day, body weight) dissolved in nut oil was administered orally to mice via intragastric-during 10 days. The control group received only nut oil. At the end of the 10th day, all the mice were sacrificed with cervical dislocation. Tissue samples were taken for histological examination and biochemical analysis (SOD; superoxide dismutase, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, CAT; catalase, G6PD; glucose-6-phosphate dehidrogenase, MDA; malondialdehyde). Results: Disruption of inner membrane of mitochondria, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, the presence of large lipid droplets and vacuolar structures were observed in some hepatocytes. Prominent vacuolization was seen in light microscopic observation. There was an increment in activities of G6PD, SOD, GSH and MDA. However, there was a decrease in CAT activity. Conclusion: It may be considered that the adverse effect of endosulfan on mice liver may be due to direct toxic effect of endosulfan and induction of oxidative stress.

Keywords

ultrastructure, endosulfan, liver, toxicity

Endosülfan"ın Fare Karaciğeri Üzerine Etkisinin Ultrasütrüktürel ve Biyokimyasal Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Giriş: Çalışmanın amacı, endosülfan"ın fare karaciğeri üzerine etkisini biyokimyasal veriler ile birlikte ultrasütrüktürel olarak araştırmak, ve aynı zamanda ışık mikroskobik değerlendirmek. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmada 26-30 gram ağırlığında 12 erkek albino fare kullanıldı. Fareler iki eşit gruba ayrıldı. Endosülfan grubuna, fındık yağında çözülmüş endosülfan (13 mg/kg/gün, vücut ağırlığ) 10 gün süresince intragastrik yol ile oral olarak uygulandı. Kontrol grubuna, yalnızca fındık yağı verildi. Bütün fareler onuncu günün sonunda servikal dislokasyon ile sakrifiye edildi. Histolojik ve biyokimyasal analizler (SOD; superoksit dismutaz, GSH; glutatyon peroksidaz, CAT; katalaz, G6PD; glikoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz, MDA; malondialdehid) için doku örnekleri alındı. Bulgular: Bazı hepatositlerin mitokondrionlarının iç membranlarında bozulma, endoplazmik retikulum sisternalarında dilatasyon, lipid ve vakuoler yapıların varlığını gözlendi. Işık mikroskobik olarak belirgin vakuolizasyon görüldü. G6PD, SOD, GSH ve MDA aktivitelerinde artmaya rağmen CAT aktivitesinde azalma vardı. Sonuç: Endosülfanın fare karaciğeri üzerine olumsuz etkisinin nedeni olarak, endosülfanın hepatositlere direkt toksik etkisi yanısıra oksidatif stres indüksüyonuna bağlı olabileceği düşünülebilir.

Keywords

Ultrasütrüktür, endosülfan, karaciğer, toksisite

References

• WHO: Environmental Health Criteria 40, Endosulfan. World Health Organization. Genava, 1984.
• Carvalho FP. Agriculture, pesticides, food security and food safety. Environmental Science and Policy. 2006; 9: 685-92.
• Moses V, Peter JV. Acute intentional toxicity: endosulfan and other organochlorines. Clinical Toxicology. 2010;48: 539- 44.
• Castillo CG, Montante M, Dufour L, Martinez ML, Jimenez Capdeville ME. Behavioral effects of exposure to endosulfan and methyl parathion in adult rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002; 24: 797- 04.
• Sarma K, Pal AK, Sahu NP, Mukherjee SC, Baruah K. Biochemical and histological changes in the brain tissue of spotted murrel, Channa punctatus (Bloch), exposed to endosulfan. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2010; 36: 597-03.
• Singh ND, Sharma AK, Dwivedi P, Patil RD, Kumar M. Experimentally induced citrinin and ndosulfan toxicity in regnant Wistar rats: histopathological alterations in liver and kidneys of fetuses. J Appl Toxicol. 2008; 28:901-07.
• Da Cuna RH, Rey Vazquez G, Piol MN, Guerrero NV, Maqqese MC, Lo Nostro FL. Assessment of the acute toxicity of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Perciformes). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2011; 74: 1065Rezg R, Mornagui B, El-Fazaa S, Gharbi N. Biochemical evaluation of hepatic damage in subchronic exposure to malathion in rats: effect on superoxide dismutase and catalase activities using native. PAGE. C R Biol. 2008; 331: 655-62.
• Narayan S, Bajpai A, Tyagi SR, Misra UK. Effect of intratracheal administration of DDT and endosulfan on cytochrome P-450 and glutation-s-transferase in lung and liver of rats. Bul Environ Contam Toxicol. 1985;34: 52-62.
• Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutase . Adv Enzymol. 1974; 41: 35- 97.
• Beutler E. Red cell metabolism. A manuel of biochemical methods, 2 nd edition, Grunef and stratton. Inc New York. 1984.
• Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979; 95: 351-8.
• Hassall KA. The biochemistry and uses of pesticides. Structure, Metabolism, Mode of action and uses in crop protection. Newyork CRC Pres. 19 Kiran R, Varma MN . Age related toxic effects of endosulfan on certain enzymes of rat erythrocytes. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 1990; 28: 694Kumar K, Devi SS, Krishnamurthi K, Kanade GS, Chakrabarti T. Enrichment and isolation of endosulfan degrading and detoxifying bacteria. Chemosphere. 2007; 68: 317-22.
• Afanas'ev IB, Dcrozhko AI, Brodskii AV, ostyuk VA, Potapovitch AI. Chelating and free radical scavenging mechanisms of inhibitory action of rutin and quercetin in lipid peroxidation. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1989; 38-11: 1763-69.
• Buratti FM, D’Aniello A, Volpe MT, Meneguz A, Testai E. Malathion bioactivation in the human liver: the contribution of different cytochrome P450 isoforms. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005; 33- 3: 95–302.
• Yamano Y, Morita S. Effects of pesticides on isolated rat hepatocytes, mitochondria, and microsomes II. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995; 28:1Suzuki T, Nojiri H, Isono H , Ochi T. Oxidative damages in isolated rat hepatocytes treated with the organochlorine fungicides captan, dichlofluanid and chlorothalonil. Toxicology . 2004;204: 97-107.
• Bar-nun S, Kreibich G, Adesnik M, Alteman L, Negishi M. Synthesis and insertion of cytochrome P450 into endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Cell Biology. 1980; 77: 965-9.
• Tyagi SR, Sriram K, Narayan S, Misra UK. Induction of cytochrome P-450 and phosphatidylcholine synthesis by endosulfan in liver of rats:effect of