Diyete protein eklenmesi sporcuların kardiyovasküler sistemini etkiler mi?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4, 1428 - 1435, 27.12.2020

Songul Usalp , Hatice Soner Kemal , Onur Akpınar , Levent Cerit , Hamza Duygu

https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.733444

Cited By: 3

Öz

Amaç: Profesyonel sporcularda aritmiler, ani kardiyak ölümlerin çoğundan sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Aynı zamanda, performansı artıran diyet takviyeleri de son yıllarda suçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, protein takviyelerinin (PT) düzenli antreman yapan sporcular üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Düzenli olarak antrenman yapan 70 (30.0 ± 7.3 yıl) erkek sporcu çalışmaya dahil edildi; 35 sporcu günde yaklaşık 40 gram PT kullanan, diğer yarısı PT kullanmadan egzersiz yapanlardı. Tüm katılımcılara EKG çekildi, efor testi yapıldı ve sonuçları iki bağımsız kardiyolog tarafından değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: İki grup arasında yaş, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, vücut kitle indeksi, başlangıç EKG sonuçları, efor kapasitesi, kalp atım hızı ve kan basıncı değerleri açısından fark yoktu. Korelasyon analizinde, yaş ile efordaki en yüksek kalp hızı arasında negative korelasyon görüldü.
Sonuç: Bu çalışma, sporcuların protein tozlarını belirli dozlarda kullandıklarında, kalp atış hızı, hem dinlenme hem egzersiz esnasındaki EKG bulguları, kan basıncı ve egzersiz kapasitesi üzerinde hiç bir etkiye sahip olmadıklarını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sporcular, elektrokardiyografi, efor testi, protein

Does protein adding to diet affect sportsmen's cardiovascular system?

Öz

Purpose: Arrhythmias are reproached for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in professional athletes. Also, performance-enhancing dietary supplements have been blamed in recent years. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of protein supplements (PS) on regular training athletes.
Materials and Methods: 70 male sportsmen (30.0 ± 7.3 year) who regularly train in the gym, were included in the study; 35 used approximately 40 grams of PS daily, while the other half regularly trained without additional PS. All participants underwent ECG, exercise test and results were evaluated by two independent cardiologists.
Results: There were no differences between two groups in terms of age, smoking and alcohol use, body mass index, baseline ECG results, effort capacity, heart rate, and blood pressure values. Correlation analyses showed a negative correlation between the age and maximum HR in an effort test.
Conclusion: This study showed that using PS in certain does not have any effect on ECG findings, heart rate at both rest and during exercise, effort capacity evaluated by a treadmill test, and blood pressure values of sportsmen.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sportsmen, electrocardiography, exercise test

Kaynakça

• 1. Henschen S. Skilanglauf und skiwettlauf: eine medizinische sports studie. Mitt Med Klin Upsala (Jena). 1899;2:15-8.
• 2.Maron BJ, Pelliccia A, Spirito P. Cardiac disease in young trained in athletes: insights into methods for distinguishing athlete's heart from structural heart disease, with particular emphasis on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Circulation. 1995;91:1596-1601.
• 3.Bonow RO, Nishmura RA, Thompson PD, Udelson JE. Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: Taskforce 5: valvular heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Circulation 2015;132:e292-297.
• 4.Mont L, Pelliccia A, Sharma S, et al. Pre-participation cardiovascular evaluation for athletic participants to prevent sudden death: Position paper from the EHRA and the EACPR, branches of the ESC. Endorsed by APHRS, HRS, and SOLAECE. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(1):41-69.
• 5.Maillot N, Guenancia C, Yameogo NV, et al. Impact of the dynamic and static component of the sport practiced for electrocardiogram analysis in screening athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28:575-84.
• 6.Wasfy MM, Hutter AM, Weiner RB, et al.Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes.Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J.2016;12:76-80.
• 7.Prosser JM, Majlesi N, Chan GM, et al. Adverse effect associated with arginine alpha-ketoglutarate containing supplements. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2009;28:259-262.
• 8.Kammer RT. Lone atrial fibrillation associated with creatine monohydrate supplementation. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25:762-4.
• 9.Liyanage CR, Kodali V. Bulk muscles, loose cables. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;17;2014.
• 10.Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, et al. Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:1454-64.
• 11.Baltazar-Martins G, Brito de Souza D, Aguilar-Navarro M, et al. Prevalence and patterns of dietary supplements use in elite Spanish athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019;16:30.
• 12.Drezner JA, Sharma S, Baggish A, et al. İnternational Criteria for electrocardiographic interpretation in athletes: a consensus statement. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:704-31.
• 13.Bruce RA, Blackmon JR, Jones JW, Strait G. Exercising Testing in Adult Normal Subjects and Cardiac Patients. Pediatrics. 1963;32:742–56.
• 14.Maron BJ, Pelliccia A, et al. The heart of trained athletes: cardiac remodeling and the risks of sports, including sudden death. Circulation 2006;114:1633-36.
• 15.Maron BJ, Pelliccia A. The heart of trained athletes: cardiac remodeling and risk of sports, including sudden death. Circulation 2006;114:1633-44.
• 16.Waase PM, Mutharasan RK, Whang W, et al. Electrocardiographic Findings in National Basketball AssociationAthletes. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3:69-74.
• 17.Sharma S, Whyte G, Elliott P, et al. Electrocardiographic changes in 1000 highly trained junior elite athletes. Br J Sports Med. 1999;33:319-24.
• 18.Herm J, Töpper A, Wutzler A, et al. Frequency of exercise-induced ST-T-segment deviations and cardiac arrhythmias in recreational endurance athletes during a marathon race: results of the prospective observational Berlin Beat of Running study. BMJ Open. 2017;7:015798.
• 19.Fekete AA, Giromini C, Chatzidiakou Y, et al. Whey protein lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function and lipid biomarkers in adults with prehypertension and mild hypertension: results from the chronic Whey2Go randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104:1534-44.
• 20.Kendall KL, Moon JR, Fairman CM, et al. Ingesting a pre workout supplement containing caffeine, creatine, β-alanine, amino acids, and B vitamins for 28 days is both safe and efficacious in recreationally active men. Nutr Res. 2014;34:442-9.
• 21.Mazur M, Glodzik J, Szczepaniak P, et al.Effects of controlled physical activity on immune cell phenotype in peripheral blood in prehypertension-studies in a preclinical model and randomized crossover study. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018;69:6.
• 22.Caselli S, Serdoz A, Mango F, et al. High blood pressure response to exercise predicts future development of hypertension in young athletes. Europan Heart J.2019;40:62-8.
• 23.Caselli S, Vaquer Segui A, Quattrini F, et al, Upper normal values of blood pressure response to exercise in Olympic athletes. Am Heart J. 2016;177:120-8.
• 24.Hansen M, Bangsbo J, Jensen J, et al. Protein intake during training sessions has no effect on performance and recovery during a strenuous training camp for elite cyclists. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016;13:9.
• 25. Hulmi JJ, Laakso M, Mero AA, et al. The effects of whey protein with or without carbohydrates on resistance training adaptations. J int Soc Sports Nutr.2015;12:48.
• 26.D’Lugos AC, Ludden ND, Faller J, et al.Supplemental Protein during Heavy Cycling Training and Recovery Impacts Skeletal Muscle and Heart Rate Responses but Not Performance, Nutrients. 2016;8:550.
• 27.Pasiakos SM, McLellan TM, Lieberman HR.The effects of protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and aerobic and anaerobic power in healthy adults: a systematic review. Sports Med.2015;45:111-31.
• 28.Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. American College of Sports Medicine Joint Position Statement. Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48:543-68.
• 29.Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, et al. IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and High-Performance Athlete.Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28:104-25.