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Dystopian Views of Classical Sociologists and Their Social Extensions

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 75 - 91, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1454933

Öz

Classical sociologists such as Marx, Comte, Durkheim, Weber have made significant contributions to the understanding of social life, institutions, norms and structures by studying society, social dynamics and the complexity of human behavior, providing profound insights and laying the foundation for modern sociological thought. While the theories of these sociologists have greatly enriched the understanding of social structures and the formation of predictions about future social order, their works also contain sharp warnings about utopian fictions of social trends and their potential dystopian consequences, but they often offer gloomy predictions of a dystopian future depicting an undesirable or chaotic society. While critically examining the dystopian elements in the works of classical sociologists, who portrayed the depressing picture of social life in different ways by emphasizing social inequality, the oppressive nature of capitalism, the alienation of the individual and the anomie of modern society, from a sociological perspective, this article discusses the theories based on dystopian thought and addresses their relevance to contemporary issues and their validity in today's society, and also assesses the validity of ideas and the consistency of predictions in the contemporary world where dystopian elements continue to manifest. It is therefore important to gain a deeper understanding of the sociological imagination and the continuing relevance of classical sociological thought by examining these dystopian perspectives of sociologists who emphasize their concern about the potential consequences of uncontrolled social developments.

Kaynakça

  • Ania, G. (2007). Apocalypse and dystopia in contemporary Italian writing. In Trends in contemporary Italian narrative 1980-2007. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Aristoteles. (2023). Politika (F. Akderin, Trans.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Atwood, M. (2013). Oryx and Crake. Virago.
  • Bauman, Z. (1976). The socialism – active utopia. Hutchinson.
  • Burgess, A. (2007). Otomatik portakal (D. Körpe, Trans.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Coby, J. P. (1986). The utopian vision of Karl Marx. Modern Age, Winter 1986, 22-32.
  • Comte, A. (2010). The positive philosophy of Auguste Comte (H. Martineau, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Comte, A. (2015). Pozitif felsefe dersleri ve pozitif anlayış üzerine konuşma (E. Ataçay, Trans.). Bilgesu Yayıncılık.
  • Dahrendorf, R. (1958). Out of utopia: Toward a reorientation of sociological analysis. The American Journal of Sociology, 64(2).
  • Durkheim, E. (1997). Suicide: A study in sociology. Free Press.
  • Durkheim, E. (2013). The division of labor in society. (Annotated edition). Digireads.com.
  • Engels, F. (2012). Socialism: Utopian and scientific. Charles H. Kerr & Company.
  • Farabi. (2023). Al Medinetü'l-Fazıla (M. C. Ilgaroğlu, Trans.). Divan Kitap.
  • Feffer, J. (2018). Frostlands. Haymarket Books.
  • Franko, C. (2009). Disappearances of utopia. Contemporary Literature, 50(1), 207-214.
  • Freud, S. (2002). Civilization and its discontents. Penguin Classics.
  • Freud, S. (2012). A general introduction to psychoanalysis. Wordsworth Editions.
  • Gane, M. (2006). Auguste Comte (Key Sociologists). Routledge.
  • Horsfield, J. E. (2017). Dystopia vs utopia: Fighting for the future. Retrieved November 11, 2023, from https://www.academia.edu/63804642/Distopia_vs_Utopia_Fighting_for_the_future
  • Jameson, F. (2005). Archaeologies of the future: The desire called utopia and other science fictions. New York: Verso.
  • Jefferson, T. (1816, August 1). To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 1 August 1816, Monticello Aug. 1. 16. Retrieved from https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-02-02-6618
  • Kaufmann, M. (1879). Utopias. Kegan Paul.
  • Kızılçelik, S. (2020). Sosyoloji tarihi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Levitas, R. (2010). The concept of utopia. Peter Lang.
  • Malcolm X. (2020). The future belongs to those who prepare for it today. Independently published.
  • Mann, G. (2001). The mammoth encyclopedia of science fiction. Constable and Robinson Ltd.
  • Mannheim, K. (2018). Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. Forgotten Books.
  • Marx, K. (2016). Capital (Das Kapital). Fingerprint Publishing.
  • Marx, K. (2017). Yabancılaşma. Sol Yayınları.
  • Marx, K. (2022). The Communist Manifesto. Independently published.
  • McGinnis, M. (2013). Not a drop to drink. HarperCollins.
  • Mill, J. S. (1868). The collected works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XXVIII - Public and parliamentary speeches Part I. University of Toronto Press.
  • More, T. (2023). Ütopya (S. Usta, Trans.). Kafka Kitap.
  • Musto, M. (2021). Karl Marx's writings on alienation: Critiquing capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Nithya, K. (2016). Science fiction and dystopia. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities, 4(8), 206-220.
  • Orwell, G. (2008). 1984. Penguin Books.
  • Orwell, G. (2021). Hayvan çiftliği. Can Yayınları.
  • Platon (Eflatun). (2022). Devlet (S. Delikanlı, Trans.). Kapra Yayıncılık.
  • Sealey, H. M. (2019). The privileged few. Independently published.
  • Segal, H. P. (2005). Technological utopianism in American culture. Syracuse University Press.
  • Simmel, G., & Levine, D. N. (1971). On individuality and social forms. University of Chicago Press.
  • Simmel, G. (2005). The metropolis and mental life. In A. Aydoğan (Trans.), Şehir ve cemiyet. İz Yayıncılık.
  • Simmel, G. (2009). Sociology: Inquiries into the construction of social forms. Brill.
  • Slaughter, R. A. (2003). Futures beyond dystopia: Creating social foresight. Routledge.
  • Spencer, H. (2022). The principles of sociology. Legare Street Press.
  • Vieira, F. (2010). The concept of utopia. In The Cambridge companion to utopian literature. Cambridge Collections Online, Cambridge University Press.
  • Vieira, F. (2013). Dystopia(n) matters: On the page, on screen, on stage. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Weber, M. (2016). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Angelico Press.
  • Weber, M. (2019). Economy and society: A new translation (K. Tribe, Ed.). Harvard University Press.
  • Younge, H. L. (1747). Utopia: or Apollo’s golden days. George Faulkner.

Klasik Sosyologların Distopik Görüşleri ve Toplumsal Uzantıları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 75 - 91, 31.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1454933

Öz

Karl Marx, Auguste Comte, Emile Durkheim ve Max Weber gibi klasik sosyologlar, toplumu, toplumsal dinamikleri ve insan davranışının karmaşıklığını inceleyerek toplumsal yaşamın, kurumların, normların ve yapıların anlaşılmasına önemli katkılarda bulunmuşlar, derin kavrayışlar sunmuşlar ve modern sosyolojik düşüncenin temelini atmışlardır. Eserleri aynı zamanda toplumsal eğilimlerin ütopik kurguları ve potansiyel distopik sonuçları hakkında keskin uyarılar içeren bu sosyologların teorileri toplumsal yapıların anlaşılmasını ve gelecekteki toplumsal düzen ile ilgili öngörülerin oluşmasını büyük ölçüde zenginleştirmiş olsa da, çoğunlukla arzu edilmeyen veya kaotik bir toplumu tasvir eden distopik bir geleceğe dair kasvetli öngörüler sunmaktadır. Toplumsal eşitsizliği, kapitalizmin baskıcı doğasını, bireyin yabancılaşmasını ve modern toplumun anomisini vurgulayarak toplumsal yaşamın iç karartıcı resmini farklı şekillerde tasvir eden klasik sosyologların eserlerindeki distopik unsurları eleştirel bakış açısıyla sosyolojik perspektiften incelerken, bu makalede distopik düşünce temelli teoriler ele alınmış ve çağdaş meselelerle bağlantılarına ve günümüz toplumundaki geçerliliklerine değinilmiş ve ayrıca, distopik unsurların tezahür etmeye devam ettiği çağdaş dünyada fikirlerin geçerliliği ve öngörülerin tutarlılığı da değerlendirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, kontrolsüz toplumsal gelişmelerin potansiyel sonuçları hakkındaki endişelerini vurgulayan sosyologların bu distopik perspektifleri incelenerek, sosyolojik tahayyül ve klasik sosyolojik düşüncenin süregelen geçerliliği hakkında daha derin bir anlayış kazanmak önem teşkil etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ania, G. (2007). Apocalypse and dystopia in contemporary Italian writing. In Trends in contemporary Italian narrative 1980-2007. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Aristoteles. (2023). Politika (F. Akderin, Trans.). İstanbul: Say Yayınları.
  • Atwood, M. (2013). Oryx and Crake. Virago.
  • Bauman, Z. (1976). The socialism – active utopia. Hutchinson.
  • Burgess, A. (2007). Otomatik portakal (D. Körpe, Trans.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  • Coby, J. P. (1986). The utopian vision of Karl Marx. Modern Age, Winter 1986, 22-32.
  • Comte, A. (2010). The positive philosophy of Auguste Comte (H. Martineau, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.
  • Comte, A. (2015). Pozitif felsefe dersleri ve pozitif anlayış üzerine konuşma (E. Ataçay, Trans.). Bilgesu Yayıncılık.
  • Dahrendorf, R. (1958). Out of utopia: Toward a reorientation of sociological analysis. The American Journal of Sociology, 64(2).
  • Durkheim, E. (1997). Suicide: A study in sociology. Free Press.
  • Durkheim, E. (2013). The division of labor in society. (Annotated edition). Digireads.com.
  • Engels, F. (2012). Socialism: Utopian and scientific. Charles H. Kerr & Company.
  • Farabi. (2023). Al Medinetü'l-Fazıla (M. C. Ilgaroğlu, Trans.). Divan Kitap.
  • Feffer, J. (2018). Frostlands. Haymarket Books.
  • Franko, C. (2009). Disappearances of utopia. Contemporary Literature, 50(1), 207-214.
  • Freud, S. (2002). Civilization and its discontents. Penguin Classics.
  • Freud, S. (2012). A general introduction to psychoanalysis. Wordsworth Editions.
  • Gane, M. (2006). Auguste Comte (Key Sociologists). Routledge.
  • Horsfield, J. E. (2017). Dystopia vs utopia: Fighting for the future. Retrieved November 11, 2023, from https://www.academia.edu/63804642/Distopia_vs_Utopia_Fighting_for_the_future
  • Jameson, F. (2005). Archaeologies of the future: The desire called utopia and other science fictions. New York: Verso.
  • Jefferson, T. (1816, August 1). To John Adams from Thomas Jefferson, 1 August 1816, Monticello Aug. 1. 16. Retrieved from https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-02-02-6618
  • Kaufmann, M. (1879). Utopias. Kegan Paul.
  • Kızılçelik, S. (2020). Sosyoloji tarihi (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Levitas, R. (2010). The concept of utopia. Peter Lang.
  • Malcolm X. (2020). The future belongs to those who prepare for it today. Independently published.
  • Mann, G. (2001). The mammoth encyclopedia of science fiction. Constable and Robinson Ltd.
  • Mannheim, K. (2018). Ideology and utopia: An introduction to the sociology of knowledge. Forgotten Books.
  • Marx, K. (2016). Capital (Das Kapital). Fingerprint Publishing.
  • Marx, K. (2017). Yabancılaşma. Sol Yayınları.
  • Marx, K. (2022). The Communist Manifesto. Independently published.
  • McGinnis, M. (2013). Not a drop to drink. HarperCollins.
  • Mill, J. S. (1868). The collected works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XXVIII - Public and parliamentary speeches Part I. University of Toronto Press.
  • More, T. (2023). Ütopya (S. Usta, Trans.). Kafka Kitap.
  • Musto, M. (2021). Karl Marx's writings on alienation: Critiquing capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Nithya, K. (2016). Science fiction and dystopia. International Journal of English Language, Literature and Humanities, 4(8), 206-220.
  • Orwell, G. (2008). 1984. Penguin Books.
  • Orwell, G. (2021). Hayvan çiftliği. Can Yayınları.
  • Platon (Eflatun). (2022). Devlet (S. Delikanlı, Trans.). Kapra Yayıncılık.
  • Sealey, H. M. (2019). The privileged few. Independently published.
  • Segal, H. P. (2005). Technological utopianism in American culture. Syracuse University Press.
  • Simmel, G., & Levine, D. N. (1971). On individuality and social forms. University of Chicago Press.
  • Simmel, G. (2005). The metropolis and mental life. In A. Aydoğan (Trans.), Şehir ve cemiyet. İz Yayıncılık.
  • Simmel, G. (2009). Sociology: Inquiries into the construction of social forms. Brill.
  • Slaughter, R. A. (2003). Futures beyond dystopia: Creating social foresight. Routledge.
  • Spencer, H. (2022). The principles of sociology. Legare Street Press.
  • Vieira, F. (2010). The concept of utopia. In The Cambridge companion to utopian literature. Cambridge Collections Online, Cambridge University Press.
  • Vieira, F. (2013). Dystopia(n) matters: On the page, on screen, on stage. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Weber, M. (2016). The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. Angelico Press.
  • Weber, M. (2019). Economy and society: A new translation (K. Tribe, Ed.). Harvard University Press.
  • Younge, H. L. (1747). Utopia: or Apollo’s golden days. George Faulkner.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Değişme, Azgelişmişlik ve Modernleşme Sosyolojisi, Din Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Darende 0000-0003-2622-0565

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mart 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Darende, Ö. F. (2024). Dystopian Views of Classical Sociologists and Their Social Extensions. Current Research in Social Sciences, 10(1), 75-91. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1454933