CYTOTOXICITY OF RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS ON DENTAL PULP STEM CELLS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 1, 34 - 37, 15.02.2022

Şeyma Keskin Fatih Şengül

https://doi.org/10.17567/ataunidfd.1030475

Cited By: 2

Öz

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the cytotoxic effect of Resin modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) on human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) proliferation by using xCELLigence®, a device that measures real-time cell viability and evaluates cytotoxic effects, and to determine the CC50 value on these cells for 72 hours.
Methods: DPSCs obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were seeded on E-Plates®. After 24 hours, three different dilutions (100%, 10% and 1%) of the elution obtained from RMGIC were added to three wells. DMEM solution was used as the control group. Real time cell index data were acquired by using xCELLigence® device for 72 hours. In order to compare cell index values, repeated-measures analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were used.
Results: In contrast to the 100% dilution of RMGIC which exhibited toxic effect on DPSCs, its 1% dilution showed proliferative effect. And 10% dilution was similar to the control group. While the coefficient of determination was above 80% in all groups, it was found to be lower only in the RMGIC 100%-dilution group by 0.7%. Also, the regression coefficient was found to be significantly different from zero in all equations except RMGIC 100%-dilution group (P < .001). CC50 values of RMGIC at the 24th, 48th and 72nd hours were 5.07%, 5.07% and 5.08%, respectively.
Conclusion: In order to provide more reliable results, CC50 values determined in our study will guide the further studies to improve RMGICs by adding different molecules to its structure for reducing its cytotoxicity.
Keywords: Glass ionomer cements, dental pulp stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell, cytotoxicity, xCELLigence

ÖZ
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gerçek zamanlı hücre canlılığını ölçen ve sitotoksik etkileri değerlendiren bir cihaz olan xCELLigence® kullanarak rezin ile modifiye cam iyonomer simanın (RMCİS) insan dental pulpa kök hücrelerinin proliferasyonu üzerindeki sitotoksik etkisini gözlemlemek ve 72 saat boyunca bu hücreler üzerindeki CC50 değerini belirlemektir.
Yöntemler: American Type Culture Collection’dan elde edilen diş pulpası kök hücreleri E-Plates® üzerine ekildi. 24 saat sonra RMCİS’dan elde edilen elüsyonun üç farklı dilüsyonu (%100, %10 ve %1) üçer kuyucuğa eklenmiştir. Kontrol grubu olarak DMEM solüsyonu kullanılmıştır. 72 saat boyunca xCELLigence® cihazı kullanılarak gerçek zamanlı hücre indeks verileri elde edildi. Hücre indeks değerlerini karşılaştırmak için tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi ve lineer regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Diş pulpası kök hücreleri üzerinde toksik etki sergileyen RMCİS %100 dilüsyonunun aksine, %1’lik seyreltme proliferatif etki gösterdi. %10 seyreltme ise kontrol grubuna benzerdi. Bütün gruplarda varyasyon açıklama katsayısı %80’in üzerinde iken sadece RMCIS 100% grubunda %0,7 olarak daha düşük tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, regresyon eşitliklerindeki eğimi veren regresyon katsayısı RMCİS 100% dışındaki bütün denklemlerde sıfırdan anlamlı derecede farklı bulunmuştur (P < .001). Rezin ile modifiye cam iyonomer simanın 24., 48. ve 72. saatlerde CC50 değerleri sırasıyla %5.07, %5.07 ve %5.08 idi.
Sonuç: Daha güvenilir sonuçlar sağlamak için çalışmamızda belirlenen CC50 değerleri, RMCİS’lerin sitotoksisitesini azaltmak için yapısına farklı ajanların katılarak RMCİS’leri iyileştirmeye yönelik bundan sonraki çalışmalara rehberlik edecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Cam iyonomer siman, diş pulpası kök hücresi, mezenşimal kök hücre, sitotoksisite, xCELLigence-

Anahtar Kelimeler

Glass ionomer cements, dental pulp stem cell, mesenchymal stem cell, cytotoxicity, xCELLigence

Kaynakça

• 1. Wilson AD, Kent BE. A new translucent cement for dentistry. The glass ionomer cement. Br Dent J. 1972;132(4):133-135.
• 2. Mathis RS, Ferracane JL. Properties of a glass-ionomer/resin-composite hybrid material. Dent Mater. 1989;5(5):355-358.
• 3. Sidhu SK and Schmalz G. The biocompatibility of glass-ionomer cement materials. A status report for the American Journal of Dentistry. Am J Dent. 2001;14(6):387-396.
• 4. Ersahan S, Oktay EA, Sabuncuoglu FA, Karaoglanoglu S, Aydin N, Suloglu AK. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of contemporary glass-ionomer cements on mouse fibroblasts and human dental pulp cells. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2020;21(3):321-328.
• 5. Nicholson JW, Czarnecka B. The biocompatibility of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements for dentistry. Dent Mater. 2008;24(12):1702-1708.
• 6. Volk J, Engelmann J, Leyhausen G, Geurtsen W. Effects of three resin monomers on the cellular glutathione concentration of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. Dent Mater. 2006;22(6):499-505.
• 7. Chang HH, Guo MK, Kasten FH, et al. Stimulation of glutathione depletion, ROS production and cell cycle arrest of dental pulp cells and gingival epithelial cells by HEMA. Biomaterials. 2005;26(7):745-753.
• 8. Lee DH, Kim NR, Lim BS, Lee YK, Yang HC. Effects of TEGDMA and HEMA on the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in cultured murine macrophage cells. Dent Mater. 2009;25(2):240-246.
• 9. Mantellini MG, Botero T, Yaman P, Dennison JB, Hanks CT, Nor JE. Adhesive resin and the hydrophilic monomer HEMA induce VEGF expression on dental pulp cells and macrophages. Dent Mater. 2006;22(5):434-440.
• 10. Schweikl H, Schmalz G, Rackebrandt K. The mutagenic activity of unpolymerized resin monomers in Salmonella typhimurium and V79 cells. Mutat Res. 1998;415(1-2):119-130.
• 11. Schweikl H, Schmalz G, Spruss T. The induction of micronuclei in vitro by unpolymerized resin monomers. J Dent Res. 2001;80(7):1615-1620.
• 12. Smith DC, Ruse ND. Acidity of glass ionomer cements during setting and its relation to pulp sensitivity. J Am Dent Assoc. 1986;112(5):654-657.
• 13. Stanislawski L, Daniau X, Lauti A, Goldberg M. Factors responsible for pulp cell cytotoxicity induced by resin-modified glass ionomer cements. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;48(3):277-288.
• 14. Kanjevac T, Milovanovic M, Volarevic V, et al. Cytotoxic effects of glass ionomer cements on human dental pulp stem cells correlate with fluoride release. Med Chem. 2012;8(1):40-45.
• 15. Aranha AM, Giro EM, Souza PP, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Effect of curing regime on the cytotoxicity of resin-modified glass-ionomer lining cements applied to an odontoblast-cell line. Dent Mater. 2006;22(9):864-869.
• 16. de Castilho AR, Duque C, Negrini Tde C, et al. Mechanical and biological characterization of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement containing doxycycline hyclate. Arch Oral Biol. 2012;57(2):131-138.
• 17. de Castilho AR, Duque C, Negrini Tde C, et al. In vitro and in vivo investigation of the biological and mechanical behaviour of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine. J Dent. 2013;41(2):155-163.
• 18. Sengun A, Botsalı H, Yalcın M, Ozer F, Tasdemir S, Hakkı S. Evaluation of cytotoxicity of glass ionomer cements by dentin barrier test. Dent Material. 2009;5(25):e39.
• 19. Pritchett J, Naesens L, and Montoya J. Treating HHV-6 infections—the laboratory efficacy and clinical use of anti-HHV-6 agents, p 311–331. Human herpesviruses HHV-6A, HHV-6B & HHV-7, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2014.
• 20. ISO 10993-12. Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices - Part 12: Sample Preparation and Reference Materials. International Organization for Standardization 2004.
• 21. Lan WH, Lan WC, Wang TM, et al. Cytotoxicity of conventional and modified glass ionomer cements. Oper Dent. 2003;28(3):251-259.
• 22. Sasanaluckit P, Albustany KR, Doherty PJ, Williams DF. Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements. Biomaterials. 1993;14(12):906-916.
• 23. Schmalz G. The biocompatibility of non-amalgam dental filling materials. Eur J Oral Sci. 1998;106(2 Pt 2):696-706.
• 24. Schmalz G, Thonemann B, Riedel M, Elderton RJ. Biological and clinical investigations of a glass ionomer base material. Dent Mater. 1994;10(5):304-313.
• 25. Bayindir ZY, Yildiz M. Rezin modifiye cam-ionomer simanlar ve poliasit-modifiye kompozit rezinler (kompomer). J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2000;9(2):55-59.
• 26. Golkar P, Omrani LR, Zohourinia S, Ahmadi E, Asadian F. Cytotoxic Effect of Addition of Different Concentrations of Nanohydroxyapatite to Resin Modified and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cements on L929 Murine Fibroblasts. Front Dent. 2021;18: DOI: 10.18502/fid.v18i17.6248.
• 27. de Souza Costa CA, Hebling J, Garcia-Godoy F, Hanks CT. In vitro cytotoxicity of five glass-ionomer cements. Biomaterials. 2003;24(21):3853-3858.
• 28. Ahmed HM, Omar NS, Luddin N, Saini R, Saini D. Cytotoxicity evaluation of a new fast set highly viscous conventional glass ionomer cement with L929 fibroblast cell line. J Conserv Dent. 2011;14(4):406-408.
• 29. Collado-Gonzalez M, Pecci-Lloret MR, Tomas-Catala CJ, et al. Thermo-setting glass ionomer cements promote variable biological responses of human dental pulp stem cells. Dent Mater. 2018;34(6):932-943.
• 30. Botsali MS, Kusgoz A, Altintas SH, et al. Residual HEMA and TEGDMA release and cytotoxicity evaluation of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and compomers cured with different light sources. Sci World J. 2014;2014:218295.
• 31. Ke N, Wang X, Xu X, Abassi YA. The xCELLigence system for real-time and label-free monitoring of cell viability. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;740:33-43.
• 32. Demirci T, Gürbüz T, Şengül F. Dental rezin kompozitlerin sitotoksisitesi: Bir in vitro. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni. 2014;24(1):10-15.
• 33. Souza PP, Aranha AM, Hebling J, Giro EM, Costa CA. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of contemporary resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater. 2006;22(9):838-844.