Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 207 - 213, 24.07.2025
Seyit Bilal Özdemir
,
Neslihan Çelik
Proje Numarası
Ataturk University Scientific Research Project Commission (grants No THD-2019-7426).
Kaynakça
-
1. Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence Int. Jul 1992;23(7):471-88.
-
2. Kihn PW. Vital tooth whitening. Dent Clin North Am. Apr 2007;51(2):319-31, viii. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2006.12.001
-
3. Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent. Aug 2006;34(7):412-9. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2006.02.002
-
4. Al Shethri S, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Zekonis R, Stropes M. A clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching products. Oper Dent. Sep-Oct 2003;28(5):488-95.
-
5. Joiner A, Philpotts CJ, Alonso C, Ashcroft AT, Sygrove NJ. A novel optical approach to achieving tooth whitening. J Dent. 2008;36 Suppl 1:S8-14. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.02.005
-
6. Tao D, Smith RN, Zhang Q, et al. Tooth whitening evaluation of blue covarine containing toothpastes. J Dent. Dec 2017;67S:S20-S24. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2017.10.014
-
7. Bergesch V, Baggio Aguiar FH, Turssi CP, Gomes Franca FM, Basting RT, Botelho Amaral FL. Shade changing effectiveness of plasdone and blue covarine-based whitening toothpaste on teeth stained with chlorhexidine and black tea. Eur J Dent. Oct-Dec 2017;11(4):432-437. doi:10.4103/ejd.ejd_97_17
-
8. Jiang N, Zhang C, Agingu C, Attin T, Cheng H, Yu H. Comparison of Whitening Dentifrices on the Effectiveness of In-office Tooth Bleaching: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. Mar/Apr 2019;44(2):138-145. doi:10.2341/17-333-C
-
9. Joiner A. A silica toothpaste containing blue covarine: a new technological breakthrough in whitening. Int Dent J. Oct 2009;59(5):284-8.
-
10. Basting RT, Rodrigues Junior AL, Serra MC. The effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching material on microhardness of sound and demineralized enamel and dentin in situ. Oper Dent. Nov-Dec 2001;26(6):531-9.
-
11. Soares DG, Ribeiro AP, Sacono NT, Loguercio AD, Hebling J, Costa CA. Mineral loss and morphological changes in dental enamel induced by a 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. Braz Dent J. Sep-Oct 2013;24(5):517-21. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302225
-
12. Camargo SE, Valera MC, Camargo CH, Gasparoto Mancini MN, Menezes MM. Penetration of 38% hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in bovine and human teeth submitted to office bleach technique. J Endod. Sep 2007;33(9):1074-7. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.014
-
13. Cavalli V, Azevedo Rodrigues LK, Paes-Leme AF, et al. Effects of bleaching agents containing fluoride and calcium on human enamel. Quintessence Int. Sep 2010;41(8):703.
-
14. Salomao D, Santos D, Nogueira R, Palma-Dibb R, Geraldo-Martins V. Acid demineralization susceptibility of dental enamel submitted to different bleaching techniques and fluoridation regimens. Oper Dent. Jul-Aug 2014;39(4):E178-85. doi:10.2341/13-140
-
15. Vieira-Junior WF, Ferraz LN, Pini N, et al. Effect of Toothpaste Use Against Mineral Loss Promoted by Dental Bleaching. Oper Dent. Mar/Apr 2018;43(2):190-200. doi:10.2341/17-024-TR
-
16. Auschill TM, Hellwig E, Schmidale S, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Efficacy, side-effects and patients' acceptance of different bleaching techniques (OTC, in-office, at-home). Oper Dent. Mar-Apr 2005;30(2):156-63.
-
17. Zantner C, Derdilopoulou F, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of a new bleaching lacquer for self-application. Oper Dent. May-Jun 2006;31(3):308-16. doi:10.2341/05-69
-
18. Wiegand A, Drebenstedt S, Roos M, Magalhaes AC, Attin T. 12-month color stability of enamel, dentine, and enamel-dentine samples after bleaching. Clin Oral Investig. Dec 2008;12(4):303-10. doi:10.1007/s00784-008-0195-7
-
19. Karadas M. Efficacy of whitening oral rinses and dentifrices on color stability of bleached teeth. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. Jan 2015;1(1):29-34. doi:10.3109/23337931.2015.1039537
-
20. Buchalla W, Attin T, Hilgers RD, Hellwig E. The effect of water storage and light exposure on the color and translucency of a hybrid and a microfilled composite. J Prosthet Dent. Mar 2002;87(3):264-70. doi:10.1067/mpr.2002.121743
-
21. Sugai R, Kobayashi M, Niizuma Y, et al. Color stability of bleached tooth enamel brushed with different stain‐removing toothpastes. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2024;36(3):484-493.
-
22. Vaz VTP, Jubilato DP, Oliveira MRMd, et al. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2019;27:e20180051.
-
23. Moghadam FV, Majidinia S, Chasteen J, Ghavamnasiri M. The degree of color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of bleached teeth associated with at-home and power bleaching techniques: A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Dent. Oct 2013;7(4):405-411. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.120655
-
24. Mondelli R, Rizzante F, Rosa ER, Borges A, Furuse AY, Bombonatti J. Effectiveness of LED/Laser Irradiation on In-Office Dental Bleaching after Three Years. Oper Dent. Jan/Feb 2018;43(1):31-37. doi:10.2341/16-208-C
-
25. Ontiveros JC, Paravina RD. Color change of vital teeth exposed to bleaching performed with and without supplementary light. J Dent. Nov 2009;37(11):840-7. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2009.06.015
-
26. Kugel G, Ferreira S, Sharma S, Barker ML, Gerlach RW. Clinical trial assessing light enhancement of in-office tooth whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21(5):336-47. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00287.x
-
27. D'Arce MB, Lima DA, Aguiar FH, Bertoldo CE, Ambrosano GM, Lovadino JR. Effectiveness of dental bleaching in depth after using different bleaching agents. J Clin Exp Dent. Apr 1 2013;5(2):e100-7. doi:10.4317/jced.51063
-
28. Horn BA, Bittencourt BF, Gomes OM, Farhat PA. Clinical evaluation of the whitening effect of over-the-counter dentifrices on vital teeth. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):203-6. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201300053
-
29. Bortolatto JF, Dantas AA, Roncolato A, et al. Does a toothpaste containing blue covarine have any effect on bleached teeth? An in vitro, randomized and blinded study. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30doi:10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0033
-
30. Rotstein I, Dankner E, Goldman A, Heling I, Stabholz A, Zalkind M. Histochemical analysis of dental hard tissues following bleaching. J Endod. Jan 1996;22(1):23-5. doi:10.1016/S0099-2399(96)80231-7
-
31. Potocnik I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. J Endod. Apr 2000;26(4):203-6. doi:10.1097/00004770-200004000-00001
-
32. Giannini M, Silva AP, Cavalli V, Paes Leme AF. Effect of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on tensile strength of human enamel. J Appl Oral Sci. Apr 2006;14(2):82-7. doi:10.1590/s1678-77572006000200004
-
33. Borges BC, Borges JS, de Melo CD, et al. Efficacy of a novel at-home bleaching technique with carbamide peroxides modified by CPP-ACP and its effect on the microhardness of bleached enamel. Oper Dent. Sep-Oct 2011;36(5):521-8. doi:10.2341/11-013-L
-
34. Çakir EG, Özcan S, Tulunoglu I, Uctaşli MB, Tulunoglu O. Efficacy of In-office Bleaching on Microhardness of Permanent Teeth with Antioxidant Re-hardening. The Open Dentistry Journal. 2019;13(1):436-442. doi:10.2174/1874210601913010436
-
35. Ulukapi H. Effect of different bleaching techniques on enamel surface microhardness. Quintessence Int. Apr 2007;38(4):e201-5.
-
36. Burgmaier GM, Schulze IM, Attin T. Fluoride uptake and development of artificial erosions in bleached and fluoridated enamel in vitro. J Oral Rehabil. Sep 2002;29(9):799-804. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00966.x
-
37. Wiegand A, Schreier M, Attin T. Effect of different fluoridation regimes on the microhardness of bleached enamel. Oper Dent. Nov-Dec 2007;32(6):610-5. doi:10.2341/06-171
-
38. He LB, Shao MY, Tan K, Xu X, Li JY. The effects of light on bleaching and tooth sensitivity during in-office vital bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. Aug 2012;40(8):644-53. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.010
-
39. Meireles SS, Santos IS, Bona AD, Demarco FF. A double-blind randomized clinical trial of two carbamide peroxide tooth bleaching agents: 2-year follow-up. J Dent. Dec 2010;38(12):956-63. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2010.08.003
-
40. Schulte JR, Morrissette DB, Gasior EJ, Czajewski MV. The effects of bleaching application time on the dental pulp. J Am Dent Assoc. Oct 1994;125(10):1330-5. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1994.0177
-
41. de Paula EA, Loguercio AD, Fernandes D, Kossatz S, Reis A. Perioperative use of an anti-inflammatory drug on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching: a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. Dec 2013;17(9):2091-7. doi:10.1007/s00784-013-0918-2
-
42. Haywood VB. Treating sensitivity during tooth whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent. Sep 2005;26(9 Suppl 3):11-20.
-
43. Marson FC, Sensi LG, Vieira LC, Araujo E. Clinical evaluation of in-office dental bleaching treatments with and without the use of light-activation sources. Oper Dent. Jan-Feb 2008;33(1):15-22. doi:10.2341/07-57
-
44. Mounika A, Mandava J, Roopesh B, Karri G. Clinical evaluation of color change and tooth sensitivity with in-office and home bleaching treatments. Indian J Dent Res. Jul-Aug 2018;29(4):423-427. doi:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_688_16
Effect of Toothpaste with Blue Covarine on Color Stability and Demineralization after Bleaching Treatments
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 207 - 213, 24.07.2025
Seyit Bilal Özdemir
,
Neslihan Çelik
Öz
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of toothpaste containing blue covarine after in-office and at-home bleaching treatments on color stability and demineralization of enamel.
Methods: Sixty patients aged between 18 and 30, with at least four anterior teeth of color A2 or above, were divided into three groups: light-activated in-office bleaching treatment with 25% HP bleach, in-office chemical bleaching treatment with 40% HP bleach, and home bleaching treatment with 16% CP content. After bleaching, each group was divided into two subgroups, using toothpaste containing blue covarine and conventional toothpaste(n = 10).Color changes were measured using a spectrophotometer initially, immediately after bleaching treatment, and at one-week and one-month follow-up periods. Demineralization levels were measured using a laser fluorescent device. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance with statistical significance.
Results At-home bleaching differed significantly from in-office bleaching treatments. Toothpaste containing blue covarine after in-office and at-home whitening treatments exhibited no significant difference from traditional toothpaste in terms of color stabilization and demineralization.
Conclusion: The use of blue covarine-containing toothpaste after in-office and at-home bleaching has similiar effect on color stabilization and demineralization as only silica-containing toothpaste.
Etik Beyan
Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (no. B.30.2.ATA.0.01.00/266).
Proje Numarası
Ataturk University Scientific Research Project Commission (grants No THD-2019-7426).
Teşekkür
The authors thanks to Assoc. Prof. Pınar Gül for her statistical support. This manuscript was produced from the frst author’s specialization thesis in dentistry.
Kaynakça
-
1. Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence Int. Jul 1992;23(7):471-88.
-
2. Kihn PW. Vital tooth whitening. Dent Clin North Am. Apr 2007;51(2):319-31, viii. doi:10.1016/j.cden.2006.12.001
-
3. Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent. Aug 2006;34(7):412-9. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2006.02.002
-
4. Al Shethri S, Matis BA, Cochran MA, Zekonis R, Stropes M. A clinical evaluation of two in-office bleaching products. Oper Dent. Sep-Oct 2003;28(5):488-95.
-
5. Joiner A, Philpotts CJ, Alonso C, Ashcroft AT, Sygrove NJ. A novel optical approach to achieving tooth whitening. J Dent. 2008;36 Suppl 1:S8-14. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2008.02.005
-
6. Tao D, Smith RN, Zhang Q, et al. Tooth whitening evaluation of blue covarine containing toothpastes. J Dent. Dec 2017;67S:S20-S24. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2017.10.014
-
7. Bergesch V, Baggio Aguiar FH, Turssi CP, Gomes Franca FM, Basting RT, Botelho Amaral FL. Shade changing effectiveness of plasdone and blue covarine-based whitening toothpaste on teeth stained with chlorhexidine and black tea. Eur J Dent. Oct-Dec 2017;11(4):432-437. doi:10.4103/ejd.ejd_97_17
-
8. Jiang N, Zhang C, Agingu C, Attin T, Cheng H, Yu H. Comparison of Whitening Dentifrices on the Effectiveness of In-office Tooth Bleaching: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Oper Dent. Mar/Apr 2019;44(2):138-145. doi:10.2341/17-333-C
-
9. Joiner A. A silica toothpaste containing blue covarine: a new technological breakthrough in whitening. Int Dent J. Oct 2009;59(5):284-8.
-
10. Basting RT, Rodrigues Junior AL, Serra MC. The effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching material on microhardness of sound and demineralized enamel and dentin in situ. Oper Dent. Nov-Dec 2001;26(6):531-9.
-
11. Soares DG, Ribeiro AP, Sacono NT, Loguercio AD, Hebling J, Costa CA. Mineral loss and morphological changes in dental enamel induced by a 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel. Braz Dent J. Sep-Oct 2013;24(5):517-21. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201302225
-
12. Camargo SE, Valera MC, Camargo CH, Gasparoto Mancini MN, Menezes MM. Penetration of 38% hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in bovine and human teeth submitted to office bleach technique. J Endod. Sep 2007;33(9):1074-7. doi:10.1016/j.joen.2007.04.014
-
13. Cavalli V, Azevedo Rodrigues LK, Paes-Leme AF, et al. Effects of bleaching agents containing fluoride and calcium on human enamel. Quintessence Int. Sep 2010;41(8):703.
-
14. Salomao D, Santos D, Nogueira R, Palma-Dibb R, Geraldo-Martins V. Acid demineralization susceptibility of dental enamel submitted to different bleaching techniques and fluoridation regimens. Oper Dent. Jul-Aug 2014;39(4):E178-85. doi:10.2341/13-140
-
15. Vieira-Junior WF, Ferraz LN, Pini N, et al. Effect of Toothpaste Use Against Mineral Loss Promoted by Dental Bleaching. Oper Dent. Mar/Apr 2018;43(2):190-200. doi:10.2341/17-024-TR
-
16. Auschill TM, Hellwig E, Schmidale S, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Efficacy, side-effects and patients' acceptance of different bleaching techniques (OTC, in-office, at-home). Oper Dent. Mar-Apr 2005;30(2):156-63.
-
17. Zantner C, Derdilopoulou F, Martus P, Kielbassa AM. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of a new bleaching lacquer for self-application. Oper Dent. May-Jun 2006;31(3):308-16. doi:10.2341/05-69
-
18. Wiegand A, Drebenstedt S, Roos M, Magalhaes AC, Attin T. 12-month color stability of enamel, dentine, and enamel-dentine samples after bleaching. Clin Oral Investig. Dec 2008;12(4):303-10. doi:10.1007/s00784-008-0195-7
-
19. Karadas M. Efficacy of whitening oral rinses and dentifrices on color stability of bleached teeth. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. Jan 2015;1(1):29-34. doi:10.3109/23337931.2015.1039537
-
20. Buchalla W, Attin T, Hilgers RD, Hellwig E. The effect of water storage and light exposure on the color and translucency of a hybrid and a microfilled composite. J Prosthet Dent. Mar 2002;87(3):264-70. doi:10.1067/mpr.2002.121743
-
21. Sugai R, Kobayashi M, Niizuma Y, et al. Color stability of bleached tooth enamel brushed with different stain‐removing toothpastes. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2024;36(3):484-493.
-
22. Vaz VTP, Jubilato DP, Oliveira MRMd, et al. Whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal, blue covarine, hydrogen peroxide or microbeads: which one is the most effective? Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2019;27:e20180051.
-
23. Moghadam FV, Majidinia S, Chasteen J, Ghavamnasiri M. The degree of color change, rebound effect and sensitivity of bleached teeth associated with at-home and power bleaching techniques: A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Dent. Oct 2013;7(4):405-411. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.120655
-
24. Mondelli R, Rizzante F, Rosa ER, Borges A, Furuse AY, Bombonatti J. Effectiveness of LED/Laser Irradiation on In-Office Dental Bleaching after Three Years. Oper Dent. Jan/Feb 2018;43(1):31-37. doi:10.2341/16-208-C
-
25. Ontiveros JC, Paravina RD. Color change of vital teeth exposed to bleaching performed with and without supplementary light. J Dent. Nov 2009;37(11):840-7. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2009.06.015
-
26. Kugel G, Ferreira S, Sharma S, Barker ML, Gerlach RW. Clinical trial assessing light enhancement of in-office tooth whitening. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21(5):336-47. doi:10.1111/j.1708-8240.2009.00287.x
-
27. D'Arce MB, Lima DA, Aguiar FH, Bertoldo CE, Ambrosano GM, Lovadino JR. Effectiveness of dental bleaching in depth after using different bleaching agents. J Clin Exp Dent. Apr 1 2013;5(2):e100-7. doi:10.4317/jced.51063
-
28. Horn BA, Bittencourt BF, Gomes OM, Farhat PA. Clinical evaluation of the whitening effect of over-the-counter dentifrices on vital teeth. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):203-6. doi:10.1590/0103-6440201300053
-
29. Bortolatto JF, Dantas AA, Roncolato A, et al. Does a toothpaste containing blue covarine have any effect on bleached teeth? An in vitro, randomized and blinded study. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30doi:10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2016.vol30.0033
-
30. Rotstein I, Dankner E, Goldman A, Heling I, Stabholz A, Zalkind M. Histochemical analysis of dental hard tissues following bleaching. J Endod. Jan 1996;22(1):23-5. doi:10.1016/S0099-2399(96)80231-7
-
31. Potocnik I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. J Endod. Apr 2000;26(4):203-6. doi:10.1097/00004770-200004000-00001
-
32. Giannini M, Silva AP, Cavalli V, Paes Leme AF. Effect of carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents containing fluoride or calcium on tensile strength of human enamel. J Appl Oral Sci. Apr 2006;14(2):82-7. doi:10.1590/s1678-77572006000200004
-
33. Borges BC, Borges JS, de Melo CD, et al. Efficacy of a novel at-home bleaching technique with carbamide peroxides modified by CPP-ACP and its effect on the microhardness of bleached enamel. Oper Dent. Sep-Oct 2011;36(5):521-8. doi:10.2341/11-013-L
-
34. Çakir EG, Özcan S, Tulunoglu I, Uctaşli MB, Tulunoglu O. Efficacy of In-office Bleaching on Microhardness of Permanent Teeth with Antioxidant Re-hardening. The Open Dentistry Journal. 2019;13(1):436-442. doi:10.2174/1874210601913010436
-
35. Ulukapi H. Effect of different bleaching techniques on enamel surface microhardness. Quintessence Int. Apr 2007;38(4):e201-5.
-
36. Burgmaier GM, Schulze IM, Attin T. Fluoride uptake and development of artificial erosions in bleached and fluoridated enamel in vitro. J Oral Rehabil. Sep 2002;29(9):799-804. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00966.x
-
37. Wiegand A, Schreier M, Attin T. Effect of different fluoridation regimes on the microhardness of bleached enamel. Oper Dent. Nov-Dec 2007;32(6):610-5. doi:10.2341/06-171
-
38. He LB, Shao MY, Tan K, Xu X, Li JY. The effects of light on bleaching and tooth sensitivity during in-office vital bleaching: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. Aug 2012;40(8):644-53. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.010
-
39. Meireles SS, Santos IS, Bona AD, Demarco FF. A double-blind randomized clinical trial of two carbamide peroxide tooth bleaching agents: 2-year follow-up. J Dent. Dec 2010;38(12):956-63. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2010.08.003
-
40. Schulte JR, Morrissette DB, Gasior EJ, Czajewski MV. The effects of bleaching application time on the dental pulp. J Am Dent Assoc. Oct 1994;125(10):1330-5. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1994.0177
-
41. de Paula EA, Loguercio AD, Fernandes D, Kossatz S, Reis A. Perioperative use of an anti-inflammatory drug on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching: a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. Dec 2013;17(9):2091-7. doi:10.1007/s00784-013-0918-2
-
42. Haywood VB. Treating sensitivity during tooth whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent. Sep 2005;26(9 Suppl 3):11-20.
-
43. Marson FC, Sensi LG, Vieira LC, Araujo E. Clinical evaluation of in-office dental bleaching treatments with and without the use of light-activation sources. Oper Dent. Jan-Feb 2008;33(1):15-22. doi:10.2341/07-57
-
44. Mounika A, Mandava J, Roopesh B, Karri G. Clinical evaluation of color change and tooth sensitivity with in-office and home bleaching treatments. Indian J Dent Res. Jul-Aug 2018;29(4):423-427. doi:10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_688_16