Küresel Tedarik Ağları ve Yönetim-Organizasyon Sorunları: Çok Boyutlu Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 313 - 326, 16.04.2017

Özge Demiral

Öz

Bu çalışma, disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımda, sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik küreselleşme süreçleriyle biçimlenen küresel tedarik ağlarının beraberinde getirdiği yönetim ve organizasyon sorunları üzerine yapılan çalışmaları incelemektedir. İlgili literatürdeki çalışmaların, uluslararası düzeyde karşılaştırılabilir ve genelleştirilebilir verilerin sınırlı olması nedeniyle genellikle teorik açıklamalarla kısıtlı kaldığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sayıları gittikçe artan teorik çalışmaları destekler biçimde az sayıdaki ampirik çalışma, çok uluslu işletmelerin yanında Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki yerel işletmelerin de küresel tedarik ağlarına katılımlarının farklı mekanizmalardan hem ülke hem de işletme düzeyinde faydalar sağlayacağını belirtmektedir. Çalışmalar, özellikle yerel işletmelerin küresel tedarik ağlarına entegrasyon sürecinde karşılaşacağı sorunların, belirsizlik, düzenleyici engeller, kültür ve kurumlar bakımından bölgesel farklılıklar ve kaynak kısıtı ile küresel iş çevrelerindeki değişimlere hazır ve adapte olamama temelinde geliştiği sonucuna varmaktadır. Küresel tedarik ağlarının ortaya çıkardığı yönetim ve organizasyon sorunlarına çözüm arayan işletmeler için öneriler ise özetle onların ‘sınırsız’ ve ‘esnek’ yönetim yapılarına sahip olmaları gerektiğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Bu gereklilik hem ülkeler hem de işletmeler için yeni politik dönüşüm inisiyatiflerini tartışmaya açarak ileriki çalışmalara ışık tutmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel tedarik ağları, tedarik ağları yönetimi, yönetim-organizasyon sorunları, kurumsal farklılıklar, literatür incelemesi

Kaynakça

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