Psikolojik Danışma Sürecinin Gözleminde Yöntemsel Farklılıklar

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 253 - 268, 15.10.2014

İsmail Sanberk

Öz

Psikolojik danışma bir etkileşim sürecidir; bu süreçte danışman ile danışanın iletileri karşılıklı bağımlılık göstermektedir. Danışma esnasındaki danışan ve danışman davranışlarının ne şekilde inceleneceği araştırmanın amaçlarına ve sınırlılığına bağlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır; bununla birlikte yöntemsel tercihler farklı araştırma bulgularına ulaşılmasına neden olmaktadır. Danışma sürecini inceleme konusu yapan araştırmalarda kullanılan yöntemlerin heterojen olması araştırma bulgularının bütünleştirilmesini güçleştirmektedir. Farklı kategori (gözlem) sistemleri, araştırma odakları (danışman, danışan ve etkileşim) ve perspektifler (danışman, danışan, bağımsız bir gözlemci) araştırma sonuçları üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Ayrıca nelerin ve hangi oturumlardaki davranışların gözlemleneceği, gözlem biriminin (zamansal, dilbilgisel, anlamsal) ne olacağı, davranışların ne şekilde kodlanacağı (açık veya örtük içerik) ve son olarak analiz birimi (tematik, özneler arası ilişki, dil dışı kategoriler) bu konuda yapılan çalışmaları farklılaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, danışan ile danışman davranışlarının ve aralarındaki etkileşimin gözleminde ne gibi yöntemsel tercihlerin olabileceği ile ilgili eğilimleri ve tartışmaları incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Süreç araştırması, terapötik diyalog, konuşma eylemi, gözlem

Kaynakça

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