KENTSEL MEKÂNDA KAMUSALLIĞI YENİDEN KURAN TASARIM YAKLAŞIMLARI: TAKTİKSEL ŞEHİRCİLİK, KENTSEL AKUPUNKTUR VE KENTSEL KÜRASYON

Öz

Endüstrileşme ve göçle büyüyen kentlerde yeni mimari unsurlar ortaya çıkmış; modernizmin etkisiyle 20. yüzyılın başlarında, fonksiyonellik ve minimalizm vurgulanarak planlama yaklaşımları değişmiştir. Kentin fiziksel dönüşümüyle birlikte toplumsal ve ekonomik yapısı da bireyselleşme ve özelleşme üzerinden dönüşmüştür. Günümüzde özelleşmenin, mekânı farklı kitlelerin kullanımı için bölümlemesi ve farklı sebeplerle kentin geri kalanında göz ardı edilen, sıradanlaşan, tanımsız mekânlar oluşmakta; kapsayıcı kamusal mekânlar azalmaktadır. Son yirmi yılda mevcut planlamanın boşluklarını dolduran farklı tasarım yaklaşımları ortaya çıkmıştır. Yeni yaklaşımlar sorunlu alanlarda aşağıdan yukarı, pratik ve küçük müdahalelerle insan ölçeğinde etkiler yaratmaktadır. Çalışmada bu yaklaşımların kuramsal yapıları, sistematik bir yöntemle örnekleriyle birlikte incelenmiştir. Lydon ve Garcia'nın (2015) kavramsallaştırdığı yerel farkındalık ve katılımla ortaya çıkan taktiksel şehircilik De Solà-Morales’in (1980) geliştirdiği, kente noktasal müdahalelerle yaklaşan kentsel akupunktur; çeşitli sanatçı ve ofislerin geliştirdiği, kentin ilişkisel süreçlerini ve mekân kurgularını araştıran kentsel kürasyon yaklaşımları üzerinden ilerlenmiştir. Tartışma bölümünde yaklaşımların birbirlerini nasıl beslediği, benzerlik ve farklılıkları irdelenmiş; sonuçta ulaşılan ilişkiler, güncel tasarım yaklaşımlarının taşıdığı bakış açılarının planlama süreçleri için denemeler ve yöntemler sunma potansiyelini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kentsel Akupunktur
• Taktiksel Şehircilik
• Kentsel Kürasyon
• Kentsel Mekân
• Kamusallık.

Etik Beyan

Makale için Etik Kurul onayına gerek yoktur.

DESIGN APPROACHES THAT RESTORE PUBLICITY IN URBAN SPACE: TACTICAL URBANISM, URBAN ACUPUNCTURE AND URBAN CURATION

Öz

New architectural elements have emerged in cities growing with industrialization and migration; under the influence of modernism in the early 20th century, planning approaches underwent a transformation with an emphasis on functionality and minimalism. Along with the physical transformation of the city, its social and economic structure has also been transformed through individualization and privatization. Today, privatization divides the space for the use of different social groups, leading to the creation of ignored, ordinary, undefined spaces that are overlooked within the rest of the city; inclusive public spaces are decreasing. In the last two decades, various design approaches have emerged to fill the gaps in existing urban planning. New approaches create human-scale impacts in problematic areas through bottom-up, practical, and small-scale interventions. In this study, the theoretical frameworks of these approaches are systematically examined with examples. The study is based on tactical urbanism conceptualized by Lydon and Garcia (2015), which emerges through local awareness and participation; urban acupuncture developed by De Solà-Morales (1980), which approaches the city through punctual interventions; and urban curation approaches developed by various artists and offices which explore the relational processes and spatial constructions of the city. In the discussion section, the interrelations between the approaches, their similarities and differences have been examined; the relationships identified demonstrate the potential of contemporary design approaches to offer experiments and methods for planning processes, reflecting the perspectives they embody.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban Acupuncture
• Tactical Urbanism
• Urban Curation
• Urban Space
• Publicity

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