BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Stranded in Boğaz, Cyprus: The affair of the Pan Ships

Yıl 2009, Sayı: 37, 41 - 64, 01.12.2009

Öz

This article sheds some new light on the affair of the Pan Crescent and the Pan York, the largest ships to carry ‘illegal’ Jewish immigrants to Palestine from Bulgaria in 1947 / 1948. These ageing vessels were apprehended by the British authorities off the Dardanelles and escorted to an enforced detention near Famagusta, Cyprus. The ships remained anchored near Boğaz for five months while their human cargos were sent to camps just outside the walls of the historic city. As the clock counted down on the British Mandate in Palestine throughout early 1948, the fate of the vessels, and the thousands of immigrants who depended upon them, hung in the balance. Now, through a recently instigated cataloguing project for Cypriot newspapers instigated at the National Archive in Kyrenia, and the simultaneous uncovering of some relevant documents at the Public Records Office in London, a fuller understanding and appreciation of the events in this critical post war period can be attempted. This article is one of a series published in the Journal of Cyprus Studies that draws historical links between Cyprus and the Jewish people

Kaynakça

  • Aharonovitz, Yitzhak (Ike) (1964 and 1965). The Pans, interviews by Ayalah Dan, typed document, Haganah Archive, file 2-33 [Hebrew].
  • Ashuakh, Pinni, (editor). A Compilation of Testimonies of the Pal-Yam Activists, unpublished document (typed), issued by the Veterans of the Pal-Yam, 2006 [Hebrew].
  • Avigur, Shaul (1967). Pan Crescent Affair – Venice, a written statement (typed), Haganah Archive, file 170-37, [Hebrew].
  • Ben-Zur, Yehuda. Interview by D. Goldman, 23.3.2008.
  • Bogner, N. The Deportation Island, Jewish Illegal Immigrant Camps on Cyprus, 1946-1948, Tel-Aviv: Am Oved Publishers, Tel-Aviv University, and the Shaul Avigur Association for Research of the Immigration Struggle, 1991 [Hebrew].
  • Documents, private collection, courtesy of Gad Hilb.
  • Dorril, S. MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service, New York : The Free Press, 2000.
  • Gabriel (?), (1948). Report on My Visit to Cyprus on 14.4.1948, a written statement (typed), Haganah Archive, file 14 / Zim / 17 [Hebrew].
  • Hadari (Venia) Zeev and Zeev Tsahor, Ships or a State, the Story of Pan York and Pan Crescent, Israel: Hakibbutz Hameuchad and BenGurion University of the Negev, 1981 [Hebrew].
  • Hadari (Venia) Zeev and Zeev Tsahor, Voyage to Freedom, an Episode in the Illegal Immigration to Palestine, London and Totowa, New Jersey: Valentine, Mitchell and Co., 1985.
  • Hilb, Gad (1965). The Operation of saving the Pans. A written statement, recorded by Ayala Dan on 4.11.1965, Haganah Archive, file 17.25 [Hebrew].
  • Military Branch, Admiralty, Illegal Immigration into Palestine by Sea 1945-1948, National Archives document ADM 1/21106, 3.3.1949.
  • Lussin, I. A Column of Fire, Chapters in the History of Zionism, Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, Shikmona, in cooperation with Israel Broadcasting Authority, 1982 [Hebrew].
  • Magen, Dov. Interview, tape no. 31, reel 113, the Inter-Universities Project for Research of Jewish Immigration in Memory Shaul Avigur, typed transcription (no date) [Hebrew].
  • Nachshon, Moshe. 'The Sabotage in the Deportation Ship Empire Life Guard', in: Ashuakh, Pinni, (editor). A Compilation of Testimonies of the Pal-Yam Activists, unpublished document (typed), issued by the Veterans of the Pal-Yam, 2006 [Hebrew], pp. 91-93.
  • Naphkha, Biba (no date). In Cyprus, a testimony (typed), Haganah Archive, file 171-25 [Hebrew].
  • Palyam Historical Database, in Palyam official website, http://www.palyam.org/, accessed March 2008.
  • Reich, Bernard. A Brief History of Israel, New York: Facts on File Incorporated, 2004.
  • Stewart, Ninian. The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol. F. Cass publishers, 2002.
  • Telegrams, correspondence between Commissioner of Jewish Camps in Cyprus and High Commissioner of Palestine, National Archives documents ADM 1/20305, 12.4.1948 – 28.4.1948.
  • Yarkoni, Hillel. Immigrant Ships from A to Z, Tel-Aviv: Gevanim, 2005 [Hebrew].

Stranded in Boğaz, Cyprus: The affair of the Pan Ships

Yıl 2009, Sayı: 37, 41 - 64, 01.12.2009

Öz

Bu Bulgaristan’dan yola çıkıp Kıbrıs üzerinde Filistine götüren Pan Crescent ve Pan York gemilerine ilişkin tarihteki karanlığa yeni bir ışık yakmaktadır. Bu yolculuğun başında bu tarihi gemiler İngiliz yetkililer tarafından Çanakkale boğazında yakalanmış ve Magosa’ya kadar nezaret edilerek insan olan yükleri tarihi şehrin duvarının hemen dışında karaya çıkarılarak burada göçmenler tutuklama kampında tutulmuşlardı. Bu gemiler daha sonra aynı yıl kış ve baharı geçirecekleri Boğaza demirlemişlerdi. 1948 yılının başlarına doğru Filistindeki ingiliz mandası gücünü yitirirken bu gemilerin ve binlerce göçmenlerin kaderi belirsiz kalmıştı. Şimdi Girne’deki Ulusal Arşivde bulunan Kıbrıs Türk Gazeteleri, Lefkoşedeki yunan kıbrıs dilindeki basın ve Danışnışma Ofisi kaynakları ile Londra’daki İngiliz Ulusal Arşivlerinde yeni bulunan resmi belgeler kullanılarak savaş sonrası söz konusu kaotic döneminin tüm yönleri ve değerleri anlaşılmaya çalışılabilir. Bu makale

Kaynakça

  • Aharonovitz, Yitzhak (Ike) (1964 and 1965). The Pans, interviews by Ayalah Dan, typed document, Haganah Archive, file 2-33 [Hebrew].
  • Ashuakh, Pinni, (editor). A Compilation of Testimonies of the Pal-Yam Activists, unpublished document (typed), issued by the Veterans of the Pal-Yam, 2006 [Hebrew].
  • Avigur, Shaul (1967). Pan Crescent Affair – Venice, a written statement (typed), Haganah Archive, file 170-37, [Hebrew].
  • Ben-Zur, Yehuda. Interview by D. Goldman, 23.3.2008.
  • Bogner, N. The Deportation Island, Jewish Illegal Immigrant Camps on Cyprus, 1946-1948, Tel-Aviv: Am Oved Publishers, Tel-Aviv University, and the Shaul Avigur Association for Research of the Immigration Struggle, 1991 [Hebrew].
  • Documents, private collection, courtesy of Gad Hilb.
  • Dorril, S. MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service, New York : The Free Press, 2000.
  • Gabriel (?), (1948). Report on My Visit to Cyprus on 14.4.1948, a written statement (typed), Haganah Archive, file 14 / Zim / 17 [Hebrew].
  • Hadari (Venia) Zeev and Zeev Tsahor, Ships or a State, the Story of Pan York and Pan Crescent, Israel: Hakibbutz Hameuchad and BenGurion University of the Negev, 1981 [Hebrew].
  • Hadari (Venia) Zeev and Zeev Tsahor, Voyage to Freedom, an Episode in the Illegal Immigration to Palestine, London and Totowa, New Jersey: Valentine, Mitchell and Co., 1985.
  • Hilb, Gad (1965). The Operation of saving the Pans. A written statement, recorded by Ayala Dan on 4.11.1965, Haganah Archive, file 17.25 [Hebrew].
  • Military Branch, Admiralty, Illegal Immigration into Palestine by Sea 1945-1948, National Archives document ADM 1/21106, 3.3.1949.
  • Lussin, I. A Column of Fire, Chapters in the History of Zionism, Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, Shikmona, in cooperation with Israel Broadcasting Authority, 1982 [Hebrew].
  • Magen, Dov. Interview, tape no. 31, reel 113, the Inter-Universities Project for Research of Jewish Immigration in Memory Shaul Avigur, typed transcription (no date) [Hebrew].
  • Nachshon, Moshe. 'The Sabotage in the Deportation Ship Empire Life Guard', in: Ashuakh, Pinni, (editor). A Compilation of Testimonies of the Pal-Yam Activists, unpublished document (typed), issued by the Veterans of the Pal-Yam, 2006 [Hebrew], pp. 91-93.
  • Naphkha, Biba (no date). In Cyprus, a testimony (typed), Haganah Archive, file 171-25 [Hebrew].
  • Palyam Historical Database, in Palyam official website, http://www.palyam.org/, accessed March 2008.
  • Reich, Bernard. A Brief History of Israel, New York: Facts on File Incorporated, 2004.
  • Stewart, Ninian. The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol. F. Cass publishers, 2002.
  • Telegrams, correspondence between Commissioner of Jewish Camps in Cyprus and High Commissioner of Palestine, National Archives documents ADM 1/20305, 12.4.1948 – 28.4.1948.
  • Yarkoni, Hillel. Immigrant Ships from A to Z, Tel-Aviv: Gevanim, 2005 [Hebrew].
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Özgün Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Danny Goldman Bu kişi benim

Michael J K Walsh Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Sayı: 37

Kaynak Göster

APA Goldman, D., & Walsh, M. J. K. (2009). Stranded in Boğaz, Cyprus: The affair of the Pan Ships. Kıbrıs Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(37), 41-64.

Kıbrıs Araştırmaları Dergisi

Kıbrıs Araştırmaları Merkezi

Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi

Gazimağusa, Kuzey Kıbrıs, Mersin 10, Turkey