ÖTEKİNİN ÖTEKİSİ: HRİSTİYAN FEMİNİST DİNLER TEOLOJİLERİ

Öz

Feminist teoloji ve dinler teolojisi yirminci yüzyılda ortaya çıkmış ve Hristiyan teolojisi içerisinde gelişmiş birbirinden farklı fakat aynı zamanda birbiriyle ilişkili teolojilerdir. Feminist teoloji, Hristiyan teolojisi içerisinde genel olarak Hristiyan geleneğinin ataerkil geçmişi, doktrinleri ve öğretilerini tarihsel ve toplumsal olarak ötekileştirilmiş kadın bakış açısıyla yeniden yorumlayan bir akademik disiplindir. Dinler teolojisi ise, yine Hristiyan teolojisi içerisinde bir akademik disiplin olup yirminci yüzyılda ortaya çıkmış Hristiyanlık dışındaki dinlerin hakikat söylemini ve bu dinlere inananların kurtuluşa erip eremeyeceğini inceler. Bu iki teoloji alanını buluşturan ortak nokta ise iki alanın da ötekilerle (biri dini öteki diğeri ise cinsiyet olarak öteki) ilgili teoriler üretmeleridir. Fakat feminist teolojide kadınlar öteki olarak özne iken dinler teolojisinde ötekiler nesne durumdadırlar, yani dinler teolojisi daha çok ötekine yaklaşımı betimleyici bir karaktere sahiptir. Feminist dinler teolojisi ana damar olarak bilinen dinler teolojisindeki yaklaşımlara farklı bakış açıları sağlamıştır. Bu makalenin öncelik amacı feminist dinler teolojisini Türkçe okuyucuya tanıtmak ve bu teoloji içerisindeki çeşitliliği göstermektir. Burada feminist dinler teolojisi üç başlık altında kategorize edilmiş ve incelenmiştir; çoğulcu, çoğulculuk eleştirisi ve ötesi, post-kolonyalist. Öncü feminist teologların görüşleri her bir başlık altında ele alınmış ve bu kategorilerin öne çıkan yönlerinin gösterilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Kendi arasındaki çeşitliliğe rağmen, feminist dinler teolojisinin en ayırt edici yönü kadın tecrübesine dayanması ve bunu ön plana çıkarması olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Feminist teoloji
• dinler teolojisi
• dini çeşitlilik
• çoğulculuk
• post-kolonyalizm

THE OTHER OF MARGINALIZED: CHRISTIAN FEMINIST THEOLOGIES OF RELIGIONS

Abstract

Feminist theology and theology of religions have emerged in the twentieth century, and they have formed their distinct features independently; at the same time, they are somehow related. Feminist theology is an academic discipline within Christianity, which questions the patriarchal character of Christian history, Christianity’s dogmas and teaching from the view of women who have been marginalized historically and socially. Theology of religions, on the other hand, is a sub-discipline within Christian theology, questioning whether non-Christian religions contain religious truths that lead their believers to salvation. The common ground between these two forms of theologies is to theorize the concept of others, while in one form it is women in another the non-Christians. However, women are subject to feminist theology whilst non-Christians are seen as an object. Engaging with the theology of religions, feminist theology has provided a different view from the mainstream theologies. Taking their distinct contribution, the purpose of this article is to introduce the feminist theology of religions to Turkish readers. While doing so, feminist theology of religions has been examined in three different categories; pluralist, pluralist disputes and beyond, and post-colonialist. It is stated here that feminist theology’s particular contribution is that they bring the women experience in front.

Keywords

• Feminist theology
• Theology of religions
• Religious diversity
• Pluralism
• Post-colonialism

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