THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF MUSLIMS IN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES: ORIENTALISM - EVANGELISM STRUGGLE AND EMERGENCE OF SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT IN MADRASAS

Abstract

In this study, it has been tried to explain the troubled process of madrasa and madrasa education, which had a golden age and reached a certain institutionalism during the time of the Mughal Empire, with the arrival of the British into the Indian peninsula since the mid-18th century. In this context, the reasons and results of the reforms that the British made or tried to make in the field of orientalism and evangelism have been revealed. It is concluded that the Indian Muslims, who thought that reforms try to trivialise the teaching in madrasahs, have resorted school of thoughts in madrasahs by developing the reflex of “preserving the religion and culture of Islam”. The emergence of different schools destroyed the curriculum unity in madrasahs and created a gap in knowledge as well as differences of opinion among Muslim students graduated from madrasahs.

Keywords

• Indian Subcontinent
• Madrasa
• Orientalism
• Evangelism
• Emergence of Schools of Thought

18. VE 19. YÜZYILLARDA HİNT ALTKITASINDA MÜSLÜMANLARIN EĞİTİM ÖĞRETİM MESELESİ: ORYANTALİZM – EVANJELİZM MÜCADELESİ VE MEDRESELERDE EKOLLEŞME

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Babür İmparatorluğu zamanında altın çağını yaşayan ve belli bir kurumsallığa ulaşan medrese ve medrese öğretiminin İngilizlerin Hint yarımadasına gelişiyle birlikte 18. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren girdiği sıkıntılı süreç izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda İngilizlerin oryantalizm ve evanjelizm ekseninde eğitim ve öğretimde yaptığı veya yapmaya çalıştığı reformların sebepleri ve sonuçları ortaya konmuştur. Reformların medreselerdeki öğretimi değersizleştirmeye çalıştığını düşünen Hint Müslümanları “İslâm dinini ve kültürünü koruma” refleksi geliştirip medreselerde ekolleşme yoluna gittiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Farklı ekollerin ortaya çıkması medreselerdeki müfredat birliğini yok etmiş ve medrese mezunu Müslüman öğrenciler arasında fikir ayrılıkları kadar bilgi uçurumu da meydana getirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hint altkıtası
• medrese
• oryantalizm
• evanjelizm
• ekolleşme

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