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THE EXPLOITATION OF BODY ON BEHALF OF RELIGION: (WAYWARD) CHILDS OF GOD AND FLIRTY FISHING

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 9 - 52, 29.03.2019

Öz











 “The Children
of God” (COG), now called “The Family”, is a new religious movement emerged
during the late 1960s under the leadership of the Christian evangelical
preacher, David Berg (1919-1994). By the late 1970s, the group had engendered a
great deal of academic and popular debate due to, among other things, its
controversial sexual practices. Berg’s reinterpretation of sexuality emerged a
belief system that not only condoned, but also actively encouraged, sexual
promiscuity between adults, between children, and most alarmingly, between
adults and children. Heavy emphasis Berg placed upon sexual relationships
contributed to the adoption of specific beliefs in terms of the human body,
especially for the women in the group. One aspect of sexual relations within
the COG is “Flirty Fishing” strategy. It is a practice that encouraged female
members to proselytize using their sexuality as a tool to attract new male
converts. In this study, without referring to social theories of the body, it
is dwelled on the topics as the background of flirty fishing, its essence and
content, how women were able to endure the physical and emotional aspects of
flirty fishing and how they contextualized their behaviour in terms of the
group’s belief system, and finally effects and reflections of flirty fishing.
In order to explore these topics, it is made use of documents that include many
of Berg’s writings (specifically those that refer to women’s bodies, sexuality,
and flirty fishing), the autobiographical accounts of ex-member Miriam Williams
and Rose McGowan, some of the comments made by other women in the group who
discussed their experiences during interviews, and other subsidiary sources.

Kaynakça

  • Arweck, Elisabeth. Researching New Religious Movements. London & New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. Türkiye’ye Yönelik Batı Kökenli Cereyanlar. Konya: Nüve Kültür Merkezi Yayınları, 2010.
  • Bainbridge, William Sims. The Endtime Family: Children of God. New York: State University of New York, 2002.
  • Barker, Eileen. The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1984.
  • Battal, Emine, Kıyametin Gölgesinde: Yeni Dini Hareketler, İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2018.
  • Chancellor, James D. “A Family for the Twenty-first Century”. Controversial New Religions. ed. James R. Lewis & Jasper A. Petersen, New York: Oxford University Press, 2014, 19-42.
  • Chancellor, James D. Life in The Family: An Oral History of the Children of God. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000.
  • Chryssides, George D. & Wilkins, Margaret Z. A Reader in New Religious Movements. London & Newyork: Continuum, 2006.
  • Cowan, Douglas E. & Bromley, David G. Cults and New Religions. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2015.
  • Goldwag, Arthur. Cults, Conspracies, & Secret Societies. New York: Vintage Books, 2009.
  • Kaplan, Jeffrey. “New Religious Movements and Globalization”. Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I. ed. Eugene V. Gallagher, & W. Michael Ashcraft, London: Greenwood Press, 2006, 84-125.
  • Köse, Ali. Milenyum Tarikatları. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2011.
  • Lattin, Don. “Escaping a Free Love Legacy / Children of God Sect Hopes It Can Overcome Sexy Image”. San Francisco Chronicle, 14 Şubat 2001.
  • Lattin, Don. Jesus Freaks: A True Story of Murder and Madness on the Evangelical Edge. New York: Harper Collins, 2008.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. Kıyamet Tarikatları: Yeni Dini Hareketler. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. “Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Ortaya Çıkış Sebepleri ve Temel Karakteristikleri”. Yeni Dini Hareketler. eds.: Süleyman Turan & Faruk Sancar, İstanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2014, 27-46.
  • Raine, Susan. “Flirty Fishing in the Children of God: The Sexual Body as a Site of Proselytization and Salvation”. Marburg Journal of Religion 12/1, 2007, 1-18.
  • Raine, Susan. “The Children of God/The Family: A Discussion of Recent Research (1998-2005)”. Cultic Studies Review 5/1, 2006, 29-72.
  • Reid, Alvin. Introduction to Evangelism. Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998.
  • Singer, Margaret T. Cults in Our Midst: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003.
  • Stark, Rodney & Bainbridge, William Sim. “Networks of Faith: Interpersonal Bonds and Recruitment to Cults and Sects”. American Journal of Sociology, LXXXV/6, 1980, 1376-1395.
  • Stark, Rodney L. & Neilson, Reid L. Rise of Mormonism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
  • Stark, Rodney L. “Why Religious Movements Succeed or Fail: A Revised General Model”. Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader. ed. Lorne L. Dawson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003, 259-270.
  • Tucker, Ruth A. Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Michigan: Zondervan, 1989.
  • Turan, Süleyman. “Yeni Dini Hareketlerde Kadın”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 16/1, 2016, 123-145.
  • Turan, Süleyman. ”Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Yaşayan Dünya Dinleri ve Mensuplarıyla İlişkileri”. Dinler Arası İlişkiler. ed. Ali İsra Güngör, Ankara: Grafiker Yayınları, 2017, 397-424.
  • Uzun, Semanur. Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Üye Kazanma Yöntemleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, 2016.
  • Van Twist, Amanda van Eck Duymaer. Perfect Children: Growing Up on the Religious Fringe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
  • Van Zandt, David A. “The Children of God”. America’s Alternative Religions. ed. Timothy Miller, Albany: State Unversity of New York Press, 1994, 127-132.
  • Van Zandt, David E. Living in the Children of God. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
  • Vance, Laurai Women in New Religions. New York & London: New York University Press, 2015.
  • Wangerin, Ruth. The Children of God: A Make-Believe Revolution?. London: Bergin & Garvey, 1993.
  • Williams, Miriam. Kutsal Fahişeler: Tanrı’nın Çocukları Tarikatında Fahişelikle Geçen On Beş Yılım. 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları, 2004.
  • Zuckerman, Blaine. “Rose McGowan: I Escaped a Cult”. People, 5 Eylül 2011.
  • http://www.davidberg.org/flirty-fishing, (22.05.2018).
  • http://www.exfamily.org/pubs/ml/b5/ml1434.shtml (22.11.2018).
  • http://www.exfamily.org/pubs/ml/ml999_main.shtml (22.11.2018).
  • http://www.strangehistory.net/2014/04/19/flirty-fishing/ (05.12.2018).
  • http://www.unification.net/1978/780723.html, (16.05.2018)
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/ml/ml-502.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0009-0012-log-tk-302c-law-of-love.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0034-0048-log-tk-323-the-dancer.pdf (05.12.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0451-0454-log-tk-1026-glorify-god-in-the-dance-part1.pdf (05.12.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0463-0466-log-tk-1083-7fs-of-ffing.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://pubs.xfamily.org/text.php?t=241 (20.11.2018).
  • https://thefamilyinternationalwiki.com/index.php/Flirty_Fishing (04.12.2018).
  • https://www.davidberg.org/moletters; https://pubs.xfamily.org/ (16.11.2018).
  • https://www.thefamilyinternational.org/en/mission-statement/ (19.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/images/0/06/Ff-report-docs.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/images/0/06/Ff-report-docs.pdf
  • https://www.xfamily.org/images/a/a8/FF-Stats-1988-10-01.jpg (02.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/index.php/Flirty_Fishing (28.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/index.php/King_Arthur%27s_Nights! (28.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/index.php/True_Komix_-_The_7_F's_of_FFing! (02.11.2018)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d94tM9E_RUI (13.12.2018).

BEDENİN DİN NAMINA İSTİSMARI: TANRI’NIN (YARAMAZ) ÇOCUKLARI VE “FLÖRTLE BALIK AVLAMA”

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 9 - 52, 29.03.2019

Öz

 “Tanrı’nın Çocukları” ya da şimdiki adıyla
“Aile”, bir Hıristiyan evanjelik vaiz olan David Berg (1919-1994)’in
liderliğinde 1960’lı yıllarda ABD’de ortaya çıkmış bir yeni dini harekettir.
Hareket, 1970’lerin sonuna doğru, diğer hususların yanında özellikle cinsel
uygulamalarındaki farklılıklar dolayısıyla yoğun bir biçimde akademik ve
popüler tartışmalara konu olmuştur. Berg’in cinsellik konusundaki yorumları
yetişkinler, çocuklar ve daha tehlikelisi yetişkinler ve çocuklar arasındaki
gelişigüzel cinsel ilişkileri sadece görmezden gelmekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda
cesaretlendiren bir inanç sisteminin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Berg’in
cinsel ilişkilere yönelik vurgusu gruptaki kadın üyeler tarafından - insan
bedeni açısından - çeşitli inançların benimsenmesine yol açmıştır. Bu bağlamda
Tanrı’nın Çocukları hareketi içerisindeki cinsel ilişkilerin bir yönünü
“flörtle avlama” olarak bilinen strateji oluşturmaktadır. Bu uygulamada kadın
üyeler erkek üyeleri çekmenin bir yolu olarak cinselliklerini kullanmaya teşvik
edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, bedene yönelik sosyal teorilere değinmeksizin,
flörtle balık avlamanın arkaplanı, kapsam ve mahiyeti, kadınların flörtle balık
avlamanın fiziksel ve duygusal yönlerine nasıl katlanabildikleri, grubun genel
inanç sistemi doğrultusunda davranışlarını nasıl anlamlandırdıkları ve flörtle
balık avlamanın etki ve yansımaları gibi hususlar üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu
konuları araştırırken, başta beden, cinsellik ve flörtle balık avlamadan söz
eden Berg’in mektupları, Miriam Williams ve Rose McGowan gibi hareketten
ayrılan bazı kadın üyelerin otobiyografileri, kendileriyle yapılan
röportajlarda konuya ilişkin bilgiler paylaşan diğer bazı kadın üyelerin
yorumları ve diğer ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Arweck, Elisabeth. Researching New Religious Movements. London & New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Aydın, Mehmet. Türkiye’ye Yönelik Batı Kökenli Cereyanlar. Konya: Nüve Kültür Merkezi Yayınları, 2010.
  • Bainbridge, William Sims. The Endtime Family: Children of God. New York: State University of New York, 2002.
  • Barker, Eileen. The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 1984.
  • Battal, Emine, Kıyametin Gölgesinde: Yeni Dini Hareketler, İstanbul: Okur Akademi, 2018.
  • Chancellor, James D. “A Family for the Twenty-first Century”. Controversial New Religions. ed. James R. Lewis & Jasper A. Petersen, New York: Oxford University Press, 2014, 19-42.
  • Chancellor, James D. Life in The Family: An Oral History of the Children of God. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2000.
  • Chryssides, George D. & Wilkins, Margaret Z. A Reader in New Religious Movements. London & Newyork: Continuum, 2006.
  • Cowan, Douglas E. & Bromley, David G. Cults and New Religions. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2015.
  • Goldwag, Arthur. Cults, Conspracies, & Secret Societies. New York: Vintage Books, 2009.
  • Kaplan, Jeffrey. “New Religious Movements and Globalization”. Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America I. ed. Eugene V. Gallagher, & W. Michael Ashcraft, London: Greenwood Press, 2006, 84-125.
  • Köse, Ali. Milenyum Tarikatları. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları, 2011.
  • Lattin, Don. “Escaping a Free Love Legacy / Children of God Sect Hopes It Can Overcome Sexy Image”. San Francisco Chronicle, 14 Şubat 2001.
  • Lattin, Don. Jesus Freaks: A True Story of Murder and Madness on the Evangelical Edge. New York: Harper Collins, 2008.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. Kıyamet Tarikatları: Yeni Dini Hareketler. İstanbul: IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Özkan, Ali Rafet. “Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Ortaya Çıkış Sebepleri ve Temel Karakteristikleri”. Yeni Dini Hareketler. eds.: Süleyman Turan & Faruk Sancar, İstanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2014, 27-46.
  • Raine, Susan. “Flirty Fishing in the Children of God: The Sexual Body as a Site of Proselytization and Salvation”. Marburg Journal of Religion 12/1, 2007, 1-18.
  • Raine, Susan. “The Children of God/The Family: A Discussion of Recent Research (1998-2005)”. Cultic Studies Review 5/1, 2006, 29-72.
  • Reid, Alvin. Introduction to Evangelism. Tennessee: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1998.
  • Singer, Margaret T. Cults in Our Midst: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003.
  • Stark, Rodney & Bainbridge, William Sim. “Networks of Faith: Interpersonal Bonds and Recruitment to Cults and Sects”. American Journal of Sociology, LXXXV/6, 1980, 1376-1395.
  • Stark, Rodney L. & Neilson, Reid L. Rise of Mormonism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.
  • Stark, Rodney L. “Why Religious Movements Succeed or Fail: A Revised General Model”. Cults and New Religious Movements: A Reader. ed. Lorne L. Dawson, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003, 259-270.
  • Tucker, Ruth A. Another Gospel: Cults, Alternative Religions, and the New Age Movement. Michigan: Zondervan, 1989.
  • Turan, Süleyman. “Yeni Dini Hareketlerde Kadın”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 16/1, 2016, 123-145.
  • Turan, Süleyman. ”Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Yaşayan Dünya Dinleri ve Mensuplarıyla İlişkileri”. Dinler Arası İlişkiler. ed. Ali İsra Güngör, Ankara: Grafiker Yayınları, 2017, 397-424.
  • Uzun, Semanur. Yeni Dini Hareketlerin Üye Kazanma Yöntemleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, 2016.
  • Van Twist, Amanda van Eck Duymaer. Perfect Children: Growing Up on the Religious Fringe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
  • Van Zandt, David A. “The Children of God”. America’s Alternative Religions. ed. Timothy Miller, Albany: State Unversity of New York Press, 1994, 127-132.
  • Van Zandt, David E. Living in the Children of God. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
  • Vance, Laurai Women in New Religions. New York & London: New York University Press, 2015.
  • Wangerin, Ruth. The Children of God: A Make-Believe Revolution?. London: Bergin & Garvey, 1993.
  • Williams, Miriam. Kutsal Fahişeler: Tanrı’nın Çocukları Tarikatında Fahişelikle Geçen On Beş Yılım. 3. Baskı, İstanbul: Varlık Yayınları, 2004.
  • Zuckerman, Blaine. “Rose McGowan: I Escaped a Cult”. People, 5 Eylül 2011.
  • http://www.davidberg.org/flirty-fishing, (22.05.2018).
  • http://www.exfamily.org/pubs/ml/b5/ml1434.shtml (22.11.2018).
  • http://www.exfamily.org/pubs/ml/ml999_main.shtml (22.11.2018).
  • http://www.strangehistory.net/2014/04/19/flirty-fishing/ (05.12.2018).
  • http://www.unification.net/1978/780723.html, (16.05.2018)
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/ml/ml-502.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0009-0012-log-tk-302c-law-of-love.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0034-0048-log-tk-323-the-dancer.pdf (05.12.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0451-0454-log-tk-1026-glorify-god-in-the-dance-part1.pdf (05.12.2018).
  • https://media.xfamily.org/docs/fam/tk/love-of-god/0463-0466-log-tk-1083-7fs-of-ffing.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://pubs.xfamily.org/text.php?t=241 (20.11.2018).
  • https://thefamilyinternationalwiki.com/index.php/Flirty_Fishing (04.12.2018).
  • https://www.davidberg.org/moletters; https://pubs.xfamily.org/ (16.11.2018).
  • https://www.thefamilyinternational.org/en/mission-statement/ (19.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/images/0/06/Ff-report-docs.pdf (28.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/images/0/06/Ff-report-docs.pdf
  • https://www.xfamily.org/images/a/a8/FF-Stats-1988-10-01.jpg (02.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/index.php/Flirty_Fishing (28.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/index.php/King_Arthur%27s_Nights! (28.11.2018).
  • https://www.xfamily.org/index.php/True_Komix_-_The_7_F's_of_FFing! (02.11.2018)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d94tM9E_RUI (13.12.2018).
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Süleyman Turan 0000-0002-3731-2986

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 26 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Turan, Süleyman. “BEDENİN DİN NAMINA İSTİSMARI: TANRI’NIN (YARAMAZ) ÇOCUKLARI VE ‘FLÖRTLE BALIK AVLAMA’”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 19/1 (Mart 2019), 9-52.