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NEDEN BİR “İSLAMİ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİSİ” YOKTUR?

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 171 - 195, 30.05.2017

Kasım Timur

Öz

İslam ve Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini arasında ilişki kurma girişimlerini merkezine alan bu çalışma, bir din olan İslamiyet’in Uluslararası İlişkiler teorisi içerisinde nasıl bir siyasal dünya görüşünü, kimliği ve devletlerarası ilişki formunu temsil ettiğine ilişkin yürütülen çalışmaları eleştirel bir okumadan geçirecektir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle, bu çalışmanın Müslüman dünyasında nasıl bir uluslararası ilişkiler pratiğinin sürdürüldüğüyle değil; İslam’ın teori inşası sürecinde nasıl bir katkısının olduğuna/olabileceğine odaklanacağı belirtilmelidir. Amitav Acharya ve Barry Buzan’ın “neden Batılı olmayan bir uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi yoktur?” şeklindeki kışkırtıcı sorusu, İslam ile Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini arasında bağlantı kurma girişimlerini yeniden canlandırmıştır. Ancak belirtmek gerekir ki, bu tür girişimlerin geçmişi çok daha öncesine 1970’lere kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir İslami Uluslararası İlişkiler teorisi geliştirme çabalarının geldiği noktayı, temel kaynaklarının neler olduğunu, ana akım literatüre katkılarını ve zayıf yönlerini araştırmaktır. Böylece bu çalışma, İslami teolojiden yararlanarak alternatif bir uluslararası ilişkiler teorisi sunma yönündeki söz konusu meydan okumanın ne kadar etkili olduğunu ve İslam coğrafyasında ana akım kavrayışa ciddi bir alternatif sunma kapasitesini değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam Uluslararası İlişkiler Yerel Teori İnşası Siyer

Kaynakça

  • Acharya, Amitav, “Ethnocentrism and Emancipatory IR Theory”, Samantha Arnold ve J. Marshall Beier (ed.), (Dis)Placing Security: Critical Evaluations of the Boundaries of Security, Centre for International and Security Studies, York University, 2000, ss. 1-18.
  • Acharya, Amitav ve Barry Buzan (ed.), Non-Western International Relations Theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010.
  • Acharya, Amitav ve Barry Buzan, “Why is there no non-Western international relations theory? An introduction”, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Cilt 7, No 3, 2007, ss. 287-312.
  • Adiong, Nassef M. (ed.), International Relations and Islam: Diverse Perspectives, Newcastle, UK, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013.
  • Alikhani, Ali Akbar, “Fundamentals of Islam in International Relations”, Deina Abdelkader, Nassef M. Adiong ve Raffaele Mauriello (ed.), Islam and International Relations, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, ss. 7-31.
  • Annan, Kofi A., “Two concepts of sovereignty”, The Economist, 16 Eylül 1999, http://www.economist.com/node/324795 (Erişim Tarihi 26 Ekim 2016).
  • Annan, Kofi A., We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, New York, The United Nations Department of Public Information, 2000.
  • Ayoob, Mohammed, “Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty”, International Journal of Human Rights, Cilt 6, No 1, 2002, ss. 81-102.
  • Buzan, Barry ve George Lawson, “The Global Transformation: The Nineteenth Century and the Making of Modern International Relations”, International Studies Quar-terly, Cilt 57, No 3, 2013, ss. 620– 634.
  • Buzan, Barry ve Richard Little, “Reconceptualizing Anarchy: Structural Realism Meets World History”, European Journal of International Relations, Cilt 2, No 4, 1996, ss. 403-438.
  • Buzan, Barry ve Richard Little, “World history and the development of non-Western international relations theory”, Amitav Acharya ve Barry Buzan (ed.), Non-Western International Relations Theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010, ss. 197-220.
  • Çandar, Cengiz, “Ortadoğu'nun ‘Otuz Yıl Savaşları’”, 23 Temmuz 2014, http://www.radikal.com.tr/yazarlar/cengiz-candar/ortadogunun-otuz-yil-savaslari-1203350 (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • de Carvalho, Benjamin, Halvard Leira ve John M. Hobson, “The Big Bangs of IR: The Myths That Your Teachers Still Tell You about 1648 and 1919”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Cilt 39, No 3, 2011, ss. 735-758.
  • de Mesquita, Bruce Bueno, “Popes, Kings, and Endogenous Institutions: The Concordat of Worms and the Origins of Sovereignty”, International Studies Review, Cilt 2, No 2, 2000, ss. 93–118.
  • Durmuş, Zülfükar, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de Ulus ve Uluslararası İlişkiler, İstanbul, Gökkubbe Yayınları, 2006.
  • Ebu Süleyman, A. Ahmed, İslâm’ın Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramı, çev. Fehmi Koru, İstanbul, İnsan Yayınları, 1985.
  • El-Farukî, İsmail Râci, Bilginin İslâmîleştirilmesi: Genel İlkeler ve Çalışma Planı, İstanbul, Risale Basın-Yayın, 1995.
  • El-Husayyin, Salih Abdurrahman, İslam ve Çağdaş Uygarlık Açısından Uluslararası İlişki-ler, çev. Ahmet İhsan Dündar, İstanbul, Guraba Yayıncılık, 2013.
  • Ergan, Uğur, “Suudi Arabistan öncülüğünde teröre karşı İslam ittifakı”, 15 Aralık 2015, http://hurriyet.com.tr/terore-karsi-islam-ittifaki-40027554 (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Gerges, Fawaz, “Ortadoğu Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları: Tarih, Teori ve Metodoloji Üzerine Bir Haşiye”, Zahide Tuba Kor (ed.), Ortadoğu Konuşmaları: Bölgesel Perspektiften “Arap Baharı”, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, ss. 25-57.
  • Grieco, Joseph M., “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism”, International Organization, Cilt 42, No 3, 1988, ss. 485–507.
  • Gruffydd-Jones, Branwen, Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.
  • Herman, Edward S. ve Noam Chomsky, Rızanın İmalatı: Kitle Medyasının Ekonomi Politiği, İstanbul, bgst Yayınları, 2012.
  • Hobson, John M., The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760–2010, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Ikenberry, G. John ve Michael Mastanduno (ed.), International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific, New York, Columbia University Press, 2003.
  • Kashmeri, Sarwar, “Leave the Middle East Be”, 24 Nisan 2015, http://usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2015/04/24/the-middle-east-is-fighting-a-30-years-war-so-let-it-be (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Kayaoğlu, Turan, “Batı-Merkezli Olmayan Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramı ve İslam”, Şaban Kardaş ve Ali Balcı (ed.), Uluslararası İlişkilere Giriş: Tarih, Teori, Kavram ve Ko-nular, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, ss. 198-207.
  • Kayaoğlu, Turan, “Westphalian Eurocentrism in International Relations Theory”, Interna-tional Studies Review, Cilt 12, No 2, 2010, ss. 193-217.
  • Keohane, Robert O. ve Joseph S. Nye, “Realism and Complex Interdependence”, Paul Viotti ve Mark Kauppi (ed.), International Relations Today: Realism, Pluralism, Globa-lism & Beyond (3rd ed.), Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1999, ss. 307-318.
  • Keohane, Robert O. ve Lisa L. Martin, “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory”, Internatio-nal Security, Cilt 20, No 1, 1995, ss. 39–51.
  • Khadduri, Majid, The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani’s Siyar, Baltimore, The Johns Hop-kins Press, 1966.
  • Mearsheimer, John J., “The False Promise of International Institutions”, International Security, Cilt 19, No 3, 1994, ss. 5–49.
  • Miles, Jack, “How Will the Mideast War End? Christian History May Provide a Clue”, 11 Ekim 2014, http://huffingtonpost.com/jack-miles/mideast-war-christian-history_b_6091160.html (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Murray, Douglas, “The Middle East’s own 30 Years War has just begun”, 17 Haziran 2014, http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2014/06/the-conflict-in-the-middle-east-is-far-bigger-than-isis-and-al- qaeda/ (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Osiander, Andreas, “Sovereignty, Internatioal Relations, and the Westphalian Myth”, In-ternational Organization, Cilt 55, No 2, 2001, ss. 251-287.
  • Page, Susan, “Panetta: ‘30-year war’ and a leadership test for Obama”, 06 Ekim 2014, http://usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/10/06/leon-panetta-memoir-worthy-fights/16737615/ (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Rajaee, Farhang, “Paradigm Shifts in Muslim International Relations Discourse”, Studies in Contemporary Islam, Cilt 1, No 1, 1999, ss. 1–13.
  • Ramadan, Tariq, To Be a European Muslim: A Study of Islamic Sources in the European Context, Leicester, Islamic Foundation, 1999.
  • Ramazani, Rouhollah K., “Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Middle East Journal, Cilt 34, No 2, 1980, ss. 181-204.
  • Reus-Smit, Christian ve Duncan Snidal, “Between Utopia and Reality: The Practical Disco-urses of International Relations”, Christian Reus-Smit ve Duncan Snidal (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010, ss. 3-37.
  • Shibasaki, Atsushi, “Myths in a Discipline: IR and ‘the Peace of Westphalia’”, Journal of Global Media Studies, Cilt 14, 2014, ss. 41-52.
  • Snidal, Duncan, “Relative Gains and the Pattern of International Cooperation”, The Ameri-can Political Science Review, Cilt 85, No 3, 1991, ss. 701–726.
  • Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou, “International relations theory and the Islamic worldview”, Amitav Acharya ve Barry Buzan (ed.), Non-Western International Relations The-ory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010, ss. 174-196.
  • Teschke, Benno, The Myth of 1948: Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modern Interna-tional Relations, London, Verso, 2003.
  • Wallerstein, Immanuel, Avrupa Evrenselciliği: İktidarın Retoriği, çev. Sinan Önal, İstanbul, Aram Yayıncılık, 2007.
  • Walt, Stephen, “Alliances: Balancing and Banswagoning”, Robert J. Art ve Robert Jervis (ed.), International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues (8th ed.), New York, Pearson Longman, 2007, ss. 96-103.
  • Wehberg, Hans, “Pacta Sunt Servanda”, The American Journal of International Law, Cilt 53, No 4, 1959, ss. 775–786.
  • Wight, Martin, “Why is There No International Theory”, Herbert Butterfield ve Martin Wight (der.), Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Po-litics, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1966, ss. 17-34.
  • Wilson, Peter, “The Myth of the ‘First Great Debate’”, Review of International Studies, Cilt 24, No 5, 1998, ss. 1-16.
  • Yaman, Ahmet, İslam Hukukunda Uluslararası İlişkiler, Ankara, Fecr Yayınları, 1998.
  • Yan, Holy ve Mark Morgenstein, “U.S., Russia escalate involvement in Syria”, 13 Ekim 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/13/middleeast/syria-civil-war/ (Erişim Tarihi 04.11.2016).
  • Zapfe, Martin, “Chapter 1: The Middle East’s Thirty Years’ War?”, Oliver Thränert ve Mar-tin Zapfe (ed.), Strategic Trends 2015: Key Developments in Global Affairs, Zurich, Center for Security Studies, 2015, ss. 9-26.

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 171 - 195, 30.05.2017

Kasım Timur

Öz

This article analyzes critically the studies on how Islam, as a religion, represents a political worldview, identity and interstate relations form in international relations by focusing specifically on the initiatives to construct a relationship between Islamic Studies and International Relations. First of all, it should be noted that this article does not aim to examine actual practices of the international affairs of the Muslim world; rather, it will focus on the possible theoretical contributions of Islam to an alternative local IR theory building process. The provocative question “why is there no non-Western international relations theory?”, asked by Amitav Acharya and Barry Buzan, encouraged scholars to revive studies regarding the Islamic context of IR. However, the history of such attempts dates back to much earlier, to the 1970s. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development stages of an Islamic IR theory, through its main resources, weaknesses, and contributions to the mainstream literature. Thus, this study evaluates the impact of a possible alternative IR theory based on the Islamic theology to offer a serious challenge to the mainstream understanding of IR, particularly in the Islamic world.

Kaynakça

  • Acharya, Amitav, “Ethnocentrism and Emancipatory IR Theory”, Samantha Arnold ve J. Marshall Beier (ed.), (Dis)Placing Security: Critical Evaluations of the Boundaries of Security, Centre for International and Security Studies, York University, 2000, ss. 1-18.
  • Acharya, Amitav ve Barry Buzan (ed.), Non-Western International Relations Theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010.
  • Acharya, Amitav ve Barry Buzan, “Why is there no non-Western international relations theory? An introduction”, International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, Cilt 7, No 3, 2007, ss. 287-312.
  • Adiong, Nassef M. (ed.), International Relations and Islam: Diverse Perspectives, Newcastle, UK, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013.
  • Alikhani, Ali Akbar, “Fundamentals of Islam in International Relations”, Deina Abdelkader, Nassef M. Adiong ve Raffaele Mauriello (ed.), Islam and International Relations, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, ss. 7-31.
  • Annan, Kofi A., “Two concepts of sovereignty”, The Economist, 16 Eylül 1999, http://www.economist.com/node/324795 (Erişim Tarihi 26 Ekim 2016).
  • Annan, Kofi A., We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century, New York, The United Nations Department of Public Information, 2000.
  • Ayoob, Mohammed, “Humanitarian Intervention and State Sovereignty”, International Journal of Human Rights, Cilt 6, No 1, 2002, ss. 81-102.
  • Buzan, Barry ve George Lawson, “The Global Transformation: The Nineteenth Century and the Making of Modern International Relations”, International Studies Quar-terly, Cilt 57, No 3, 2013, ss. 620– 634.
  • Buzan, Barry ve Richard Little, “Reconceptualizing Anarchy: Structural Realism Meets World History”, European Journal of International Relations, Cilt 2, No 4, 1996, ss. 403-438.
  • Buzan, Barry ve Richard Little, “World history and the development of non-Western international relations theory”, Amitav Acharya ve Barry Buzan (ed.), Non-Western International Relations Theory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010, ss. 197-220.
  • Çandar, Cengiz, “Ortadoğu'nun ‘Otuz Yıl Savaşları’”, 23 Temmuz 2014, http://www.radikal.com.tr/yazarlar/cengiz-candar/ortadogunun-otuz-yil-savaslari-1203350 (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • de Carvalho, Benjamin, Halvard Leira ve John M. Hobson, “The Big Bangs of IR: The Myths That Your Teachers Still Tell You about 1648 and 1919”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, Cilt 39, No 3, 2011, ss. 735-758.
  • de Mesquita, Bruce Bueno, “Popes, Kings, and Endogenous Institutions: The Concordat of Worms and the Origins of Sovereignty”, International Studies Review, Cilt 2, No 2, 2000, ss. 93–118.
  • Durmuş, Zülfükar, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’de Ulus ve Uluslararası İlişkiler, İstanbul, Gökkubbe Yayınları, 2006.
  • Ebu Süleyman, A. Ahmed, İslâm’ın Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramı, çev. Fehmi Koru, İstanbul, İnsan Yayınları, 1985.
  • El-Farukî, İsmail Râci, Bilginin İslâmîleştirilmesi: Genel İlkeler ve Çalışma Planı, İstanbul, Risale Basın-Yayın, 1995.
  • El-Husayyin, Salih Abdurrahman, İslam ve Çağdaş Uygarlık Açısından Uluslararası İlişki-ler, çev. Ahmet İhsan Dündar, İstanbul, Guraba Yayıncılık, 2013.
  • Ergan, Uğur, “Suudi Arabistan öncülüğünde teröre karşı İslam ittifakı”, 15 Aralık 2015, http://hurriyet.com.tr/terore-karsi-islam-ittifaki-40027554 (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Gerges, Fawaz, “Ortadoğu Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları: Tarih, Teori ve Metodoloji Üzerine Bir Haşiye”, Zahide Tuba Kor (ed.), Ortadoğu Konuşmaları: Bölgesel Perspektiften “Arap Baharı”, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, ss. 25-57.
  • Grieco, Joseph M., “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institutionalism”, International Organization, Cilt 42, No 3, 1988, ss. 485–507.
  • Gruffydd-Jones, Branwen, Decolonizing International Relations, Lanham, Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.
  • Herman, Edward S. ve Noam Chomsky, Rızanın İmalatı: Kitle Medyasının Ekonomi Politiği, İstanbul, bgst Yayınları, 2012.
  • Hobson, John M., The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760–2010, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2012.
  • Ikenberry, G. John ve Michael Mastanduno (ed.), International Relations Theory and the Asia-Pacific, New York, Columbia University Press, 2003.
  • Kashmeri, Sarwar, “Leave the Middle East Be”, 24 Nisan 2015, http://usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2015/04/24/the-middle-east-is-fighting-a-30-years-war-so-let-it-be (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Kayaoğlu, Turan, “Batı-Merkezli Olmayan Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramı ve İslam”, Şaban Kardaş ve Ali Balcı (ed.), Uluslararası İlişkilere Giriş: Tarih, Teori, Kavram ve Ko-nular, İstanbul, Küre Yayınları, 2014, ss. 198-207.
  • Kayaoğlu, Turan, “Westphalian Eurocentrism in International Relations Theory”, Interna-tional Studies Review, Cilt 12, No 2, 2010, ss. 193-217.
  • Keohane, Robert O. ve Joseph S. Nye, “Realism and Complex Interdependence”, Paul Viotti ve Mark Kauppi (ed.), International Relations Today: Realism, Pluralism, Globa-lism & Beyond (3rd ed.), Boston, Allyn & Bacon, 1999, ss. 307-318.
  • Keohane, Robert O. ve Lisa L. Martin, “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory”, Internatio-nal Security, Cilt 20, No 1, 1995, ss. 39–51.
  • Khadduri, Majid, The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani’s Siyar, Baltimore, The Johns Hop-kins Press, 1966.
  • Mearsheimer, John J., “The False Promise of International Institutions”, International Security, Cilt 19, No 3, 1994, ss. 5–49.
  • Miles, Jack, “How Will the Mideast War End? Christian History May Provide a Clue”, 11 Ekim 2014, http://huffingtonpost.com/jack-miles/mideast-war-christian-history_b_6091160.html (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Murray, Douglas, “The Middle East’s own 30 Years War has just begun”, 17 Haziran 2014, http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2014/06/the-conflict-in-the-middle-east-is-far-bigger-than-isis-and-al- qaeda/ (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Osiander, Andreas, “Sovereignty, Internatioal Relations, and the Westphalian Myth”, In-ternational Organization, Cilt 55, No 2, 2001, ss. 251-287.
  • Page, Susan, “Panetta: ‘30-year war’ and a leadership test for Obama”, 06 Ekim 2014, http://usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2014/10/06/leon-panetta-memoir-worthy-fights/16737615/ (Erişim Tarihi 06 Mayıs 2016).
  • Rajaee, Farhang, “Paradigm Shifts in Muslim International Relations Discourse”, Studies in Contemporary Islam, Cilt 1, No 1, 1999, ss. 1–13.
  • Ramadan, Tariq, To Be a European Muslim: A Study of Islamic Sources in the European Context, Leicester, Islamic Foundation, 1999.
  • Ramazani, Rouhollah K., “Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Middle East Journal, Cilt 34, No 2, 1980, ss. 181-204.
  • Reus-Smit, Christian ve Duncan Snidal, “Between Utopia and Reality: The Practical Disco-urses of International Relations”, Christian Reus-Smit ve Duncan Snidal (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010, ss. 3-37.
  • Shibasaki, Atsushi, “Myths in a Discipline: IR and ‘the Peace of Westphalia’”, Journal of Global Media Studies, Cilt 14, 2014, ss. 41-52.
  • Snidal, Duncan, “Relative Gains and the Pattern of International Cooperation”, The Ameri-can Political Science Review, Cilt 85, No 3, 1991, ss. 701–726.
  • Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou, “International relations theory and the Islamic worldview”, Amitav Acharya ve Barry Buzan (ed.), Non-Western International Relations The-ory: Perspectives on and beyond Asia, Abingdon, Routledge, 2010, ss. 174-196.
  • Teschke, Benno, The Myth of 1948: Class, Geopolitics, and the Making of Modern Interna-tional Relations, London, Verso, 2003.
  • Wallerstein, Immanuel, Avrupa Evrenselciliği: İktidarın Retoriği, çev. Sinan Önal, İstanbul, Aram Yayıncılık, 2007.
  • Walt, Stephen, “Alliances: Balancing and Banswagoning”, Robert J. Art ve Robert Jervis (ed.), International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues (8th ed.), New York, Pearson Longman, 2007, ss. 96-103.
  • Wehberg, Hans, “Pacta Sunt Servanda”, The American Journal of International Law, Cilt 53, No 4, 1959, ss. 775–786.
  • Wight, Martin, “Why is There No International Theory”, Herbert Butterfield ve Martin Wight (der.), Diplomatic Investigations: Essays in the Theory of International Po-litics, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1966, ss. 17-34.
  • Wilson, Peter, “The Myth of the ‘First Great Debate’”, Review of International Studies, Cilt 24, No 5, 1998, ss. 1-16.
  • Yaman, Ahmet, İslam Hukukunda Uluslararası İlişkiler, Ankara, Fecr Yayınları, 1998.
  • Yan, Holy ve Mark Morgenstein, “U.S., Russia escalate involvement in Syria”, 13 Ekim 2015, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/10/13/middleeast/syria-civil-war/ (Erişim Tarihi 04.11.2016).
  • Zapfe, Martin, “Chapter 1: The Middle East’s Thirty Years’ War?”, Oliver Thränert ve Mar-tin Zapfe (ed.), Strategic Trends 2015: Key Developments in Global Affairs, Zurich, Center for Security Studies, 2015, ss. 9-26.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Kasım Timur

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2017
Kabul Tarihi 6 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Timur, Kasım. “NEDEN BİR ‘İSLAMİ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER TEORİSİ’ YOKTUR?”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 17/1 (Mayıs 2017), 171-195.
 Kapak Resmi İndir