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Analysis of the “Kübra” Series on Netflix in the Framework of Artificial Intelligence, Digitalization in Religion, Dystopia, Digital Surveillance and Big Data

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 387 - 410, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1585822

Öz

This study examines the Netflix series Kübra, which aired over two seasons with a total of 16 episodes, focusing on themes of artificial intelligence, digitalization in religion, dystopia, digital surveillance, and big data. The series explores manipulative processes occurring among individuals, society, and culture through artificial intelligence, linking these to power, religion, and social conflicts. The main character, Gökhan, believes that the messages he receives from a user named "Kübra" on the Soultouch app are sent by God, creating social impacts around this belief. The series demonstrates how religious beliefs can be manipulated through AI technologies and how this manipulation can relate to politics, capital, and different social groups. This study uses descriptive analysis to examine the series, highlighting how artificial intelligence might become a manipulative and dystopian tool impacting individuals, society, and culture in the future

Kaynakça

  • Acar, İbrahim. “Sinemanın Yapay Zekâya Bakışı”. TRT Akademi 6/13 (2021), 918-929. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1002528
  • Alkhouri, Khader I. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Study of the Psychology of Religion”. Religions 15/290 (2024), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030290
  • Baccolini, Raffaella ve Moylan, Tom. "Introduction: Dystopias and Histories”. Dark Horizons: Science Fiction and the Dystopian Imagination. ed. Raffaella Baccolini ve Tom Moylan, 1-12. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Bhattacharjee, Debasmita ve Gope, Laxmiram. “Digital Dystopia in the Context of 21st Century with Special Reference to Cyber World, Sublimity, and Artificial Intelligence”. International Journal of Technology 12/2 (2022), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-
  • Borenstein, Jason ve Howard, Ayanna. “Emerging Challenges in AI and the Need for AI Ethics Education”. AI and Ethics 1 (2021), 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00002-
  • Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  • Campbell, Heidi A. “Problematizing the Human-Technology Relationship through Techno-Spiritual Myths Presented in The Machine, Transcendence and Her”. Journal of Religion & Film 20/1 (2016), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.32873/uno.dc.jrf.20.01.21
  • Campbell, Heidi A.ve Tsuria, Tsuria. "Çeviri Editörünün Önsözü". Dijital Din: Dijital Medyada Dinî Pratikleri Anlamak. çev. Kemal Ataman, Derya Eren Cengiz, Ömer Faruk Cengiz, Muhammet Numan Sağırlı. ed. Heidi A. Campbell ve Ruth Tsaria. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2023.
  • Campbell, Heidi A.ve Tsuria, Ruth. Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in Digital Media. ed. Heidi A. Campbell ve Ruth Tsaria. London: Routledge, 2022.
  • Campbell, Heidi A.ve Vitullo, Alessandra. “Assessing Changes in the Study of Religious Communities in Digital Religion Studies”. Church, Communication and Culture 1/1 (2016), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2016.118130
  • Chen, Hsinchun, Chiang, Roger H. L ve Storey, Veda C. “Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact”. MIS Quarterly 36/4 (2012), 1165-1188. https://doi.org/10.2307/41703503
  • Cheong, Pauline Hope, Huang, Shirline ve Poon, Jessie. “Religious Communication and Epistemic Authority of Leaders in Wired Faith Organizations”. Journal of Communication 61/5 (2011), 938-958. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-
  • Cheong, Pauline Hope, Fisher-Nielsen, Peter, Gelfgren, Stefan ve Ess, Charles. Digital Religion, Social Media, and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, and Futures. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2012.
  • Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publications, 2012.
  • Dawson, Lorne L.ve Cowan, Douglas E. Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet. New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Esslin, Martin. TV Beyaz camın arkası. çev. Murat Çiftkaya. İstanbul: Pınar Yayınları, 1991.
  • Foucault, Michel. Disiplin ve Ceza: Hapishanenin Doğuşu. çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi, 2015.
  • Fuller, Michael. “Big Data, Ethics and Religion: New Questions from a New Science”. Religions 8/88 (2017), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel8050088
  • Gandomi, Amir ve Haider, Murtaza. “Beyond the Hype: Big Data Concepts, Methods, and Analytics”. International Journal of Information Management 35/2 (2015), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.10.007
  • Geraci, Robert M. “Robots and the Sacred in Science and Science Fiction: Theological Implications of Artificial Intelligence”. Zygon 42/4 (2007), 961-980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2007.00883.x
  • Geraci, Robert M. “Apocalyptic AI: Religion and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence”. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 76/1 (2008), 138-166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm101
  • Grondin, David ve Hogue, Simon. “Person of Interest as Media Technology of Surveillance: A Cautionary Tale for the Future of the National Security State With Diegetic Big Data Surveillance, Algorithmic Security, and Artificial Intelligence”. Television & New Media 25/4 (2024), 334-351. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764231210280
  • Helland, Christopher. “Online Religion as Lived Religion. Methodological Issues in the Study of Religious Participation on the Internet”. Online-Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1/1 (2005), 1-16.
  • Hutchings, Tim. Creating Church Online: Ritual, Community, and New Media. New York: Routledge, 2017.
  • Kaplan, Andreas ve Haenlein, Michael. “Siri, Siri, in My Hand: Who’s the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations, and Implications of Artificial Intelligence”. Business Horizons 62/1 (2019), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004
  • Karabağ, Müge. Dijital Televizyon Platformlarında Yayınlanan Bilim Kurgu Dizilerinde Yapay Zekâ Olgusu: Netflix Örneği”. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2021.
  • Kırık, Ali Murat ve Özkoçak, Vahdet. “Medya Ve İletişim Bağlamında Yapay Zekâ Tarihi Ve Teknolojisi: Chatgpt Ve Deepfake İle Gelen Dijital Dönüşüm”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 58 (2023), 73-99. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1308471
  • Kim, Heup Young. “Artificial Intelligence, Transhumanism, and the Crisis of Theo- Logos: Toward Theo-Dao”. Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology 38 (2022), 103-127.
  • Kimura, Takesih. “Robotics and AI in the Sociology of Religion: A Human in Imago Roboticae”. Social Compass 64/1 (2017), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768616683326
  • Kwon, Ohbyung, Lee, Namyeon ve Shin, Bongsik. “Data Quality Management, Data Usage Experience and Acquisition Intention of Big Data Analytics”. International Journal of Information Management 34/3 (2014), 387-394.
  • Lövheim, Mia. “Mediatization and religion”. Mediatization of Communication içinde, editör Knut Lundby, 547-570. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272215.547
  • Lövheim, Mia ve Campbell,Heidi A. “Considering Critical Methods and Theoretical Lenses in Digital Religion Studies”. New Media & Society 19/1 (2017), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816649911
  • Lyon, David. “Surveillance, Snowden, and Big Data: Capacities, Consequences, Critique”. Big Data & Society 1/2 (2014), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714541861
  • Lyon, David. The Culture of Surveillance: Watching as a Way of Life. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018.
  • Medzhidova, Nargiz. “Worldview and Religious-Cultural Orientations of the ‘Digital Age Human’”. Skhid 6/2 (2024), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.21847/2411-3093.626
  • Özuz Dağdelen, Elif ve Poyraz, Tuğça. “Big Data, Digitization and New Surveillance Practices: New Decision-Making Culture and Panoptic Classification”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 40/2 (2023), 518-530. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1229239
  • Patton, Michael Quinn. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. California: Sage Publications, 2002.
  • Power, Daniel J. “‘Big Brother’ Can Watch Us””. Journal of Decision Systems 25/1 (2016), 578-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2016.1187420
  • Rieder, Gernot ve Voelker, Thomas. “Datafictions: Or How Measurements and Predictive Analytics Rule Imagined Future Worlds”. JCOM 19/01 (2020), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.19010202
  • Russell, Stuart ve Norvig, Peter. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. London: Pearson, 2020.
  • Topol, Eric. Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again. New York: Basic Books, 2019.
  • Tüfekçi, Zeynep. Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2017.
  • Yıldırım, Ali ve Şimşek, Hasan. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yay, 2008.
  • Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.

Yapay Zekâ, Dinde Dijitalleşme, Distopya, Dijital Gözetim ve Büyük Veri Çerçevesinde Netflixte “Kübra” Dizisinin Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 387 - 410, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1585822

Öz

Bu çalışmada Netflix’te iki sezonda toplam 16 bölüm olarak yayınlanan Kübra dizisi, yapay zekâ, dinde dijitalleşme, distopya, dijital gözetim ve büyük veri kavramları etrafında incelenmiştir. Dizide yapay zekâ aracılığıyla bireyler, toplum ve kültür arasında manipülatif süreçler işlenmekte; iktidar, din ve toplumsal çatışmalarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Başrol karakter Gökhan, Soultouch uygulamasındaki "Kübra" adlı kullanıcıdan aldığı mesajların Allah tarafından gönderildiğine inanmakta ve bu inanç çerçevesinde bazı toplumsal etkiler meydana gelmektedir. Dizi, dinî inançların yapay zekâ teknolojileri tarafından nasıl manipüle edilebileceğini, bunun politika, sermaye ve farklı toplumsal kesimlerle nasıl bağlantılı olabileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışmada, dizinin içeriği betimsel analiz tekniğiyle incelenerek, yapay zekânın birey, toplum ve kültürle ilgili gelecekte nasıl manipülatif ve distopik bir araca dönüşebileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Teşekkür

Değerlendirme için şimdiden teşekkür eder iyi çalışmalar dilerim.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, İbrahim. “Sinemanın Yapay Zekâya Bakışı”. TRT Akademi 6/13 (2021), 918-929. https://doi.org/10.37679/trta.1002528
  • Alkhouri, Khader I. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Study of the Psychology of Religion”. Religions 15/290 (2024), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15030290
  • Baccolini, Raffaella ve Moylan, Tom. "Introduction: Dystopias and Histories”. Dark Horizons: Science Fiction and the Dystopian Imagination. ed. Raffaella Baccolini ve Tom Moylan, 1-12. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Bhattacharjee, Debasmita ve Gope, Laxmiram. “Digital Dystopia in the Context of 21st Century with Special Reference to Cyber World, Sublimity, and Artificial Intelligence”. International Journal of Technology 12/2 (2022), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.52711/2231-
  • Borenstein, Jason ve Howard, Ayanna. “Emerging Challenges in AI and the Need for AI Ethics Education”. AI and Ethics 1 (2021), 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00002-
  • Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
  • Campbell, Heidi A. “Problematizing the Human-Technology Relationship through Techno-Spiritual Myths Presented in The Machine, Transcendence and Her”. Journal of Religion & Film 20/1 (2016), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.32873/uno.dc.jrf.20.01.21
  • Campbell, Heidi A.ve Tsuria, Tsuria. "Çeviri Editörünün Önsözü". Dijital Din: Dijital Medyada Dinî Pratikleri Anlamak. çev. Kemal Ataman, Derya Eren Cengiz, Ömer Faruk Cengiz, Muhammet Numan Sağırlı. ed. Heidi A. Campbell ve Ruth Tsaria. İstanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2023.
  • Campbell, Heidi A.ve Tsuria, Ruth. Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in Digital Media. ed. Heidi A. Campbell ve Ruth Tsaria. London: Routledge, 2022.
  • Campbell, Heidi A.ve Vitullo, Alessandra. “Assessing Changes in the Study of Religious Communities in Digital Religion Studies”. Church, Communication and Culture 1/1 (2016), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/23753234.2016.118130
  • Chen, Hsinchun, Chiang, Roger H. L ve Storey, Veda C. “Business Intelligence and Analytics: From Big Data to Big Impact”. MIS Quarterly 36/4 (2012), 1165-1188. https://doi.org/10.2307/41703503
  • Cheong, Pauline Hope, Huang, Shirline ve Poon, Jessie. “Religious Communication and Epistemic Authority of Leaders in Wired Faith Organizations”. Journal of Communication 61/5 (2011), 938-958. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-
  • Cheong, Pauline Hope, Fisher-Nielsen, Peter, Gelfgren, Stefan ve Ess, Charles. Digital Religion, Social Media, and Culture: Perspectives, Practices, and Futures. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2012.
  • Creswell, John W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publications, 2012.
  • Dawson, Lorne L.ve Cowan, Douglas E. Religion Online: Finding Faith on the Internet. New York: Routledge, 2004.
  • Esslin, Martin. TV Beyaz camın arkası. çev. Murat Çiftkaya. İstanbul: Pınar Yayınları, 1991.
  • Foucault, Michel. Disiplin ve Ceza: Hapishanenin Doğuşu. çev. Mehmet Ali Kılıçbay. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi, 2015.
  • Fuller, Michael. “Big Data, Ethics and Religion: New Questions from a New Science”. Religions 8/88 (2017), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel8050088
  • Gandomi, Amir ve Haider, Murtaza. “Beyond the Hype: Big Data Concepts, Methods, and Analytics”. International Journal of Information Management 35/2 (2015), 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.10.007
  • Geraci, Robert M. “Robots and the Sacred in Science and Science Fiction: Theological Implications of Artificial Intelligence”. Zygon 42/4 (2007), 961-980. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2007.00883.x
  • Geraci, Robert M. “Apocalyptic AI: Religion and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence”. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 76/1 (2008), 138-166. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfm101
  • Grondin, David ve Hogue, Simon. “Person of Interest as Media Technology of Surveillance: A Cautionary Tale for the Future of the National Security State With Diegetic Big Data Surveillance, Algorithmic Security, and Artificial Intelligence”. Television & New Media 25/4 (2024), 334-351. https://doi.org/10.1177/15274764231210280
  • Helland, Christopher. “Online Religion as Lived Religion. Methodological Issues in the Study of Religious Participation on the Internet”. Online-Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet 1/1 (2005), 1-16.
  • Hutchings, Tim. Creating Church Online: Ritual, Community, and New Media. New York: Routledge, 2017.
  • Kaplan, Andreas ve Haenlein, Michael. “Siri, Siri, in My Hand: Who’s the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations, and Implications of Artificial Intelligence”. Business Horizons 62/1 (2019), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004
  • Karabağ, Müge. Dijital Televizyon Platformlarında Yayınlanan Bilim Kurgu Dizilerinde Yapay Zekâ Olgusu: Netflix Örneği”. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, 2021.
  • Kırık, Ali Murat ve Özkoçak, Vahdet. “Medya Ve İletişim Bağlamında Yapay Zekâ Tarihi Ve Teknolojisi: Chatgpt Ve Deepfake İle Gelen Dijital Dönüşüm”. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi 58 (2023), 73-99. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1308471
  • Kim, Heup Young. “Artificial Intelligence, Transhumanism, and the Crisis of Theo- Logos: Toward Theo-Dao”. Madang: Journal of Contextual Theology 38 (2022), 103-127.
  • Kimura, Takesih. “Robotics and AI in the Sociology of Religion: A Human in Imago Roboticae”. Social Compass 64/1 (2017), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0037768616683326
  • Kwon, Ohbyung, Lee, Namyeon ve Shin, Bongsik. “Data Quality Management, Data Usage Experience and Acquisition Intention of Big Data Analytics”. International Journal of Information Management 34/3 (2014), 387-394.
  • Lövheim, Mia. “Mediatization and religion”. Mediatization of Communication içinde, editör Knut Lundby, 547-570. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272215.547
  • Lövheim, Mia ve Campbell,Heidi A. “Considering Critical Methods and Theoretical Lenses in Digital Religion Studies”. New Media & Society 19/1 (2017), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816649911
  • Lyon, David. “Surveillance, Snowden, and Big Data: Capacities, Consequences, Critique”. Big Data & Society 1/2 (2014), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714541861
  • Lyon, David. The Culture of Surveillance: Watching as a Way of Life. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018.
  • Medzhidova, Nargiz. “Worldview and Religious-Cultural Orientations of the ‘Digital Age Human’”. Skhid 6/2 (2024), 46-50. https://doi.org/10.21847/2411-3093.626
  • Özuz Dağdelen, Elif ve Poyraz, Tuğça. “Big Data, Digitization and New Surveillance Practices: New Decision-Making Culture and Panoptic Classification”. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 40/2 (2023), 518-530. https://doi.org/10.32600/huefd.1229239
  • Patton, Michael Quinn. Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. California: Sage Publications, 2002.
  • Power, Daniel J. “‘Big Brother’ Can Watch Us””. Journal of Decision Systems 25/1 (2016), 578-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2016.1187420
  • Rieder, Gernot ve Voelker, Thomas. “Datafictions: Or How Measurements and Predictive Analytics Rule Imagined Future Worlds”. JCOM 19/01 (2020), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.22323/2.19010202
  • Russell, Stuart ve Norvig, Peter. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. London: Pearson, 2020.
  • Topol, Eric. Deep Medicine: How Artificial Intelligence Can Make Healthcare Human Again. New York: Basic Books, 2019.
  • Tüfekçi, Zeynep. Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest. New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2017.
  • Yıldırım, Ali ve Şimşek, Hasan. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yay, 2008.
  • Zuboff, Shoshana. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. New York: PublicAffairs, 2019.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Alptekin Keskin 0000-0001-9955-1803

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 18 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Keskin, Alptekin. “Yapay Zekâ, Dinde Dijitalleşme, Distopya, Dijital Gözetim Ve Büyük Veri Çerçevesinde Netflixte ‘Kübra’ Dizisinin Analizi”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 24/3 (Aralık 2024), 387-410. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.1585822.