Şehir Merkezindeki Hava Kirliliği Faktörlerinin AHP Yöntemiyle Değerlendirilmesi: Karabük İli Örneği

Öz

Hava kirliliği, atmosferdeki zararlı maddelerin yoğunluğunun artmasıyla ekolojik sisteme, insan sağlığına ve doğal yaşama zarar veren bir çevresel tehdit olarak tanımlanır. Sanayileşme, şehirleşme ve hızlı nüfus artışı gibi faktörler ise hava kirliliğini artırarak çevreye ve halk sağlığına ciddi zararlar vermektedir. Bu çalışma ile Karabük şehir merkezindeki hava kirliliğine neden olan sorunların belirlenerek, öncelikli stratejik çözüm önerileri sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya dahil edilen risk kategorileri detaylı literatür taraması yapılarak seçilmiştir. Seçilen kategoriler, alanlarında en az beş yıllık mesleki deneyime sahip beş uzman tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Uzman görüşlerinden elde edilen veriler, çok kriterli karar verme yaklaşımlarından biri olan AHP yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, risklerin önem ağırlıklarını sırasıyla Sanayi Faaliyetleri, Isınma Kaynaklı Kirlilik, Coğrafi Yapı, Plansız Kentsel Gelişim, Motorlu Araçlar ve Atık Yönetimi olarak ortaya koymuştur. İlk iki risk kategorisinin, toplam ağırlığın yaklaşık yarısını oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgu, sağlıklı şehir planlaması süreçlerinde Sanayi Faaliyetleri ve Isınma Kaynaklı Kirlilik risklerine yönelik önlem almak ya da ortadan kaldırmak için faaliyetlerde bulunulması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hava kirliliği
• çevre yönetimi
• sağlıklı şehir planlaması
• AHP

Evaluation of Air Pollution Factors in the City Center with AHP Method: The Case of Karabük

Öz

Air pollution is defined as an environmental threat that harms the ecological system, human health and natural life by increasing the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Factors such as industrialization, urbanization and rapid population growth increase air pollution and cause serious damage to the environment and public health. This study aims to identify the problems that cause air pollution in Karabük city center and to offer priority strategic solution suggestions. The risk categories included in the study were selected by conducting a detailed literature review. The selected categories were evaluated by five experts with at least five years of professional experience in their fields. Data obtained from expert opinions were analyzed using the AHP method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making approaches. The analysis results revealed the importance weights of the risks as Industrial Activities, Heating Pollution, Geographical Structure, Unplanned Urban Development, Motor Vehicles and Waste Management, respectively. It was determined that the first two risk categories constituted approximately half of the total weight. This finding suggests that activities should be taken to prevent or eliminate the risks of pollution caused by industrial activities and heating in healthy urban planning processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Air pollution
• environmental management
• healthy urban planning
• AHP

Kaynakça

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